1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16603-50-01:2014Space engineering Spacedata links Telemetrysynchronization and channelcodingBS EN 16603-50-01:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN16603-50-01:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entruste
2、d to TechnicalCommittee ACE/68, Space systems and operations.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The
3、British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 84098 2ICS 49.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 Septem
4、ber 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16603-50-01:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16603-50-01 September 2014 ICS 49.140 English version Space engineering - Space data links - Telemetry synchronization and channel coding Ingnierie spatiale - Liai
5、son de donnes spatiales - Synchronisation et codage canal de la tlmesure Raumfahrtproduktsicherung - Raumfahrt-Datenbertragung - Telemetriesynchronisation und kanalkodierung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 April 2014. CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
6、Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to
7、 any CEN and CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the sa
8、me status as the official versions. CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, I
9、celand, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any
10、 form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 16603-50-01:2014 EBS EN 16603-50-01:2014EN 16603-50-01:2014 (E) 2 Table of contents Foreword 6 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references . 8 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 9 3.1 Terms from ot
11、her standards 9 3.2 Terms specific to the present standard . 9 3.3 Abbreviations 9 3.4 Conventions 10 4 Overview 11 4.1 Introduction . 11 4.2 Coding 11 4.2.1 Channel codes 11 4.2.2 Connection vectors . 12 4.3 Convolutional codes . 12 4.4 Reed-Solomon codes . 12 4.5 Concatenated codes . 13 4.6 Turbo
12、codes 13 4.7 Synchronization and pseudo-randomization . 13 5 Convolutional coding . 16 5.1 Properties . 16 5.2 General . 16 5.3 Basic convolutional code 17 5.4 Punctured convolutional code . 18 6 Reed-Solomon coding 20 6.1 Properties . 20 6.2 General . 20 6.3 Specification . 21 6.3.1 Parameters and
13、general characteristics 21 6.3.2 Generator polynomials 21 BS EN 16603-50-01:2014EN 16603-50-01:2014 (E) 3 6.3.3 Symbol interleaving depth . 22 6.3.4 Symbol interleaving mechanism 22 6.3.5 Reed-Solomon codeblock partitioning . 23 6.3.6 Shortened codeblock length 24 6.3.7 Dual basis symbol representat
14、ion and ordering . 25 6.3.8 Synchronization 26 6.3.9 Ambiguity resolution 26 6.4 Reed-Solomon with E=8 . 26 6.4.1 Introduction . 26 6.4.2 General . 27 7 Turbo coding . 28 7.1 Properties . 28 7.2 General . 28 7.3 Specification . 29 7.3.1 General . 29 7.3.2 Parameters and general characteristics 29 7.
15、3.3 Turbo code permutation 30 7.3.4 Backward and forward connection vectors 32 7.3.5 Turbo encoder block . 33 7.3.6 Turbo codeblock specification . 33 7.3.7 Turbo codeblock synchronization 34 8 Frame synchronization 35 8.1 Introduction . 35 8.2 The attached sync marker (ASM) . 35 8.2.1 Overview . 35
16、 8.2.2 Encoder side . 36 8.2.3 Decoder side . 36 8.3 ASM bit patterns . 36 8.4 Location of ASM . 37 8.5 Relationship of ASM to Reed-Solomon and turbo codeblocks 37 8.6 ASM for embedded data stream . 38 8.6.1 Overview . 38 8.6.2 Embedded ASM 38 9 Pseudo-randomizer 39 9.1 General . 39 9.1.1 Overview .
17、 39 BS EN 16603-50-01:2014EN 16603-50-01:2014 (E) 4 9.1.2 Application 39 9.2 Pseudo-randomizer description 39 9.3 Synchronization and application of pseudo-randomizer 40 9.3.1 Overview . 40 9.3.2 Application 40 9.4 Sequence specification . 41 Annex A (informative) Transformation between Berlekamp an
18、d conventional representations 43 Annex B (informative) Expansion of Reed-Solomon coefficients . 50 Annex C (informative) Compatible frame lengths 52 Annex D (informative) Application profiles . 54 Annex E (informative) Changes from ESA-PSS-04-103 60 Annex F (informative) Differences from CCSDS reco
19、mmendations 61 Annex G (informative) Mission configuration parameters . 62 Annex H (informative) Turbo code patent rights 66 Bibliography . 67 Figures Figure 3-1: Bit numbering convention . 10 Figure 4-1: Coding, randomization and synchronization (1) 14 Figure 4-2: Coding, randomization and synchron
20、ization (2) 15 Figure 5-1: Convolutional encoder block diagram . 18 Figure 5-2: Punctured encoder block diagram 19 Figure 6-1: Functional representation of R-S interleaving . 23 Figure 6-2: Reed-Solomon codeblock partitioning 24 Figure 7-1: Interpretation of permutation 31 Figure 7-2: Turbo encoder
21、block diagram . 32 Figure 7-3: Turbo codeblocks for code rates 1/2 and 1/4 34 Figure 7-4: Turbo codeblock with attached sync marker . 34 Figure 8-1: Format of channel access data unit (CADU) . 35 Figure 8-2 ASM bit pattern for non-turbo-coded data 36 Figure 8-3: ASM bit pattern for rate 1/2 turbo-co
22、ded data . 36 Figure 8-4: ASM bit pattern for rate 1/4 turbo-coded data . 37 Figure 8-5: Embedded ASM bit pattern 38 BS EN 16603-50-01:2014EN 16603-50-01:2014 (E) 5 Figure 9-1: Pseudo-randomizer configuration . 40 Figure 9-2: Pseudo-randomizer logic diagram 42 Figure A-1 : Transformational equivalen
23、ce . 44 Tables Table 5-1: Basic convolutional code characteristics 17 Table 5-2: Punctured convolutional code characteristics 19 Table 5-3: Puncture code patterns for convolutional codes 19 Table 7-1: Specified information block lengths . 30 Table 7-2: Codeblock lengths (measured in bits) 30 Table 7
24、-3: Parameters k1and k2for specified information block lengths . 31 Table 7-4: Forward connection vectors . 32 Table 8-1: ASM bit patterns in hexadecimal notation 37 Table A-1 : Equivalence of representations (Part 1 of 4) . 46 Table B-1 : Expansion for E=16 50 Table B-2 : Expansion for E=8 51 Table
25、 C-1 : Maximum frame lengths for E=16 53 Table C-2 : Maximum frame lengths for E=8 53 Table D-1 : Preferred coding schemes . 56 Table D-2 : Coding gains and bandwidth expansions . 58 Table D-3 : Coding gains for R-S(255, 239) and 4D-8PSK-TCM 59 BS EN 16603-50-01:2014EN 16603-50-01:2014 (E) 6 Forewor
26、d This document (EN 16603-50-01:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/CLC/TC 5 “Space”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This standard (EN 16603-50-01:2014) originates from ECSS-E-ST-50-01C. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publi
27、cation of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shal
28、l not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This document has been developed to cover specifically space systems and has therefore precedence
29、over any EN covering the same scope but with a wider domain of applicability (e.g. : aerospace). According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cypr
30、us, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
31、 Kingdom. BS EN 16603-50-01:2014EN 16603-50-01:2014 (E) 7 1 Scope This Standard establishes a common implementation of space telemetry channel coding systems. Several space telemetry channel coding schemes are specified in this Standard. The specification does not attempt to quantify the relative co
32、ding gain or the merits of each scheme, nor the design requirements for encoders or decoders. However, some application profiles are discussed in Annex D. Performance data for the coding schemes specified in this Standard can be found in CCSDS 130.1-G-1. Annex G describes the related mission configu
33、ration parameters. Further provisions and guidance on the application of this standard can be found in the following publications: ECSS-E-ST-50, Communications, which defines the principle characteristics of communication protocols and related services for all communication layers relevant for space
34、 communication (physical- to application-layer), and their basic relationship to each other. The handbook ECSS-E-HB-50, Communications guidelines, which provides information about specific implementation characteristics of these protocols in order to support the choice of a certain communications pr
35、ofile for the specific requirements of a space mission. Users of this present standard are invited to consult these documents before taking decisions on the implementation of the present one. This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristics and constraints of a space project in conform
36、ance with ECSS-S-ST-00. BS EN 16603-50-01:2014EN 16603-50-01:2014 (E) 8 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this ECSS Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of any
37、of these publications, do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this ECSS Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to appl
38、ies. EN reference Reference in text Title EN 16601-00-01 ECSS-S-ST-00-01 ECSS system - Glossary of terms BS EN 16603-50-01:2014EN 16603-50-01:2014 (E) 9 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms from other standards For the purpose of this Standard, the terms and definitions from ECSS-ST-
39、00-01 apply. 3.2 Terms specific to the present standard 3.2.1 category A category of spacecraft having an altitude above the Earths surface less than 2 106km 3.2.2 category B category of spacecraft having an altitude above the Earths surface equal to, or greater than 2 106km 3.2.3 octet group of eig
40、ht bits NOTE 1 The numbering for octets within a data structure starts with 0. NOTE 2 Refer to clause 3.4 for the convention for the numbering of bits. 3.2.4 physical channel stream of bits transferred over a space link in a single direction 3.3 Abbreviations For the purpose of this Standard, the ab
41、breviated terms from ECSS-S-ST-00-01and the following apply: Abbreviation Meaning 8PSK phase shift keying of eight states AOS advanced orbiting systems APP a posteriori probability ASM attached sync marker BS EN 16603-50-01:2014EN 16603-50-01:2014 (E) 10 AWGN additive white Gaussian noise BER bit er
42、ror rate BPSK binary phase shift keying CADU channel access data unit CCSDS Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems CRC cyclic redundancy check FER frame error rate GF(n) Galois field consisting of exactly n elements GMSK Gaussian minimum shift keying MSB most significant bit MS/S mega symbols
43、 per second NRZ-L non-return to zero level NRZ-M non-return to zero mark QPSK quadrature phase shift keying R-S Reed-Solomon TCM trellis-coded modulation 3.4 Conventions 3.4.1 bit 0, bit 1, bit N1 To identify each bit in an N-bit field, the first bit in the field to be transferred (i.e. the most lef
44、t justified in a graphical representation) is defined as bit 0; the following bit is defined as bit 1 and so on up to bit N1. Figure 3-1: Bit numbering convention 3.4.2 most significant bit When an N-bit field is used to express a binary value (such as a counter), the most significant bit is the fir
45、st bit of the field, i.e. bit 0 (see Figure 3-1). BS EN 16603-50-01:2014EN 16603-50-01:2014 (E) 11 4 Overview 4.1 Introduction Telemetry channel coding is a method of processing data that is sent from a source to a destination so that distinct messages are created that are easily distinguishable fro
46、m one another and thus enable reconstruction of the data with low error probability, thus improve the performance of the channel. 4.2 Coding 4.2.1 Channel codes A channel code is the set of rules that specify the transformation of elements of a source alphabet to elements of a code alphabet. The ele
47、ments of the source alphabet and of the code alphabet are called symbols. Depending on the code, the symbols can consist of one or more bits. The source symbols are also called information symbols. The code symbols are called channel symbols when they are the output of the last or only code applied
48、during the encoding process. Block encoding is a one-to-one transformation of sequences of length k source symbols to sequences of length n code symbols. The length of the encoded sequence is greater than the source sequence, so n k. The ratio k/n is the code rate, which can be defined more generall
49、y as the average ratio of the number of binary digits at the input of an encoder to the number of binary digits at its output. A codeword of an (n,k) block code is one of the sequences of n code symbols in the range of the one-to-one transformation. A codeblock of an (n,k) block code is a sequence of n channel symbols which are produced as a unit by encoding a sequence of k information symbols. The codeblock is decoded as a unit and, if successful, delivers a sequence of k information symbols. A systematic code is one in which the input information sequence appears
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