1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16718:2015Wood and wood basedproducts Dosage of the totalorganic carbon (TOC) in woodand wood based productsBS EN 16718:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16718:2015.BSI, as a member of CEN, is obliged to publish
2、EN 16718 as a BritishStandard. However, attention is drawn to the fact that during thedevelopment of this European Standard, the UK committee votedagainst its approval as a European Standard.Accurate and internationally accepted methods of calculating the carboncontent of wood and wood products, inc
3、luding those that have beensubject to further treatment or manufacturing processes, are alreadyavailable. In the opinion of the UK committee, this renders the testmethod described in the standard unnecessary. The usefulness of thisstandard is limited to those products which, owing to the method ofma
4、nufacture, have had carbon added or removed in an uncontrolledmanner so that carbon content cannot easily be calculated from theknowledge of wood content and of manufacturing parameters.The UK committee has observed that the German source wordBestimmung in the title of the standard has been translat
5、ed as Dosagerather than Determination. However, the word Determination is usedin the Scope of the standard (Clause 1). Users should be aware of thisdiscrepancy, which occurs throughout the standard.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/515, Wood preservation.A
6、 list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtainedon request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards
7、 Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 85394 4ICS 79.060.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the StandardsPolicy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Te
8、xt affectedBS EN 16718:2015EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16718 November 2015 ICS 79.060.01 English Version Wood and wood based products - Dosage of the total organic carbon (TOC) in wood and wood based products Produits de prservation du bois et matriaux base de bois - Dosage
9、du carbone organique total (COT) dans les bois et matriaux base de bois Holz und Holzprodukte - Bestimmung des gesamten organischen Kohlenstoffs (TOC) in Holz und Holzprodukten This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 September 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Inter
10、nal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any
11、CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official ver
12、sions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
13、 Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploita
14、tion in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16718:2015 EBS EN 16718:2015EN 16718:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 Principle . 7 5 Reagents and products 8 6 App
15、aratus . 8 7 Procedure. 8 7.1 Preparation of the sample . 8 7.2 Water content . 8 7.3 Dosage . 9 7.3.1 General 9 7.3.2 TC dosage . 9 7.3.3 TIC dosage 9 7.4 Calibration . 9 7.5 Control measurements . 10 7.6 Evaluation . 10 7.7 13C measurement by IRMS (Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer) 11 7.7.1 Materia
16、l and methods . 11 7.7.2 13C isotope . 12 7.7.3 18O isotope 12 7.7.4 2H isotope (Deuterium) 12 7.7.5 15N Isotopes 12 7.7.6 Multi-isotopic determinations: 13C, 18O and 2H in wood and tree . 12 8 Performance characteristics 13 9 Test report 13 Annex A (informative) Results of the validation method . 1
17、4 A.1 General . 14 A.2 Response function 14 A.2.1 General . 14 A.2.2 Total carbon . 15 A.2.3 Inorganic carbon 16 A.3 Trueness 17 A.3.1 General . 17 A.3.2 Total carbon . 18 A.3.3 Inorganic carbon 18 A.4 Precision 18 A.4.1 General . 18 A.4.2 Total carbon . 18 A.4.3 Inorganic carbon 20 A.5 Measurement
18、uncertainty 21 A.5.1 General . 21 BS EN 16718:2015EN 16718:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 Principle . 7 5 Reagents and products 8 6 Apparatus . 8 7 Procedure. 8 7.1 Preparation of the sample . 8 7.2 Water
19、 content . 8 7.3 Dosage . 9 7.3.1 General 9 7.3.2 TC dosage . 9 7.3.3 TIC dosage 9 7.4 Calibration . 9 7.5 Control measurements . 10 7.6 Evaluation . 10 7.7 13C measurement by IRMS (Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer) 11 7.7.1 Material and methods . 11 7.7.2 13C isotope . 12 7.7.3 18O isotope 12 7.7.4
20、2H isotope (Deuterium) 12 7.7.5 15N Isotopes 12 7.7.6 Multi-isotopic determinations: 13C, 18O and 2H in wood and tree . 12 8 Performance characteristics 13 9 Test report 13 Annex A (informative) Results of the validation method . 14 A.1 General . 14 A.2 Response function 14 A.2.1 General . 14 A.2.2
21、Total carbon . 15 A.2.3 Inorganic carbon 16 A.3 Trueness 17 A.3.1 General . 17 A.3.2 Total carbon . 18 A.3.3 Inorganic carbon 18 A.4 Precision 18 A.4.1 General . 18 A.4.2 Total carbon . 18 A.4.3 Inorganic carbon 20 A.5 Measurement uncertainty 21 A.5.1 General . 21 BS EN 16718:2015EN 16718:2015 (E) 3
22、 A.5.2 Total carbon 21 A.5.3 Inorganic carbon . 22 A.6 Accuracy . 22 A.6.1 General . 22 A.6.2 Total carbon 22 A.6.3 Inorganic carbon . 24 A.7 Linearity of results . 25 A.7.1 Total carbon 25 A.7.2 Inorganic carbon . 26 A.8 Quantification limit and dosage interval . 27 A.8.1 Total carbon 27 A.8.2 Inor
23、ganic carbon . 27 A.9 Conclusion . 27 Annex B (informative) Measurements on wood species and wood-based materials . 28 Bibliography . 29 BS EN 16718:2015EN 16718:2015 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 16718:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 38 “Durability of wood and wood
24、-based products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 20
25、16. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organiza
26、tions of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mal
27、ta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16718:2015EN 16718:2015 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 16718:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 38 “Durability of wood and wood-based
28、 products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2016. At
29、tention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations
30、of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Ne
31、therlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16718:2015EN 16718:2015 (E) 5 Introduction Bio-based products from forestry and agriculture have a long history of application. The last decades have seen the emergence
32、of new bio-based products in the market. Acknowledging the need for common standards for bio-based products, the European Commission issued mandate M/492, resulting in a series of standards developed by CEN/TC 411. For business to business transactions, claims which are relevant to describe characte
33、ristics of bio-based products in a business to business environment will be given in the near future. Data are by consequence required to generate and transfer information in the industrial chain and/or as an input for product specific standards and certification schemes. The work to be done by the
34、CEN/TC 411/WG 3 concerns the determination of the bio-based carbon in order to determine the level of bio-based content of a product or materials. A document (CEN/TR 16721) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 411 “Bio-based products”, and describes a list of methods and an “overview of m
35、ethods to determine the bio-based content and related methods” for Bio-based products. As part of the task force of CEN/TC 175, devoted to carbon foot printing and LCA, a European Standard was published on the simplified calculation of the amount of biomass carbon stored in wood (using 50 % of the a
36、nhydrous wood mass): EN 16449. This standard EN 16718 describes the methods based on analytical measurements. These methods can be considered as complementary to the radiocarbon based method and methods based on evaluation by calculation (mass balance approaches). One of these analytical methods is
37、a method based on measurement of stable isotopic ratio present in biomass in order to determine the biomass content of the product. The development of this method described in this report is ongoing with close collaboration between FCBA and the “Institute des Sciences Analytiques” CNRS in order to d
38、etermine the bio-based content of wood raw materials, glues and panels made with these raw materials for end use manufactured products with this new method. The objective is to propose correlated analysis (with the TOC method proposed by FCBA) to determine the carbon content to purpose a quick and l
39、ow cost method easy to handle. References: http:/www.biobasedeconomy.eu/standardisation/cen-tc411/ http:/www2.afnor.org/espace_normalisation/structure.aspx?commid=86489 The tests that have resulted in the specification of this document were performed in the context of work conducted by the FCBA timb
40、er certification body Technological Institute aimed at determining a method for supplying data on organic carbon contents that could be used to calculate carbon balances. The storage of biomass carbon in wood-based products is the preservation of the carbon absorbed by the tree from atmospheric CO2t
41、hrough photosynthesis. The carbon thus captured in the material is of benefit to the climate throughout the lifespan of the product, which can be several dozen years for a construction product, for example. The French Standard NF P01-010 (2004), which lays out the format of environmental and health
42、statements (FDES) for construction products, provides the option of indicating the following supplementary information, in addition to the “Climate change” indicator, which is calculated from the flows of greenhouse gases associated with the product life cycle: “for some construction products (e.g.
43、plant-based products), CO2 storage during the “service life” stage can be given if measurements are taken based on standardized test methods.” BS EN 16718:2015EN 16718:2015 (E) 6 Furthermore, the Guide to Best Practices on environmental labelling of mass-market consumer products (BP X30-323) include
44、s in Annex G: “Carbon accounting integrating time lag” which also requires knowledge of the biomass carbon contents of the products. The purpose of this document is therefore to propose a laboratory measurement method of the amount of biomass carbon that will provide values of carbon or CO2equivalen
45、t stored in wood-based products, with the aim to integrate this information in the environmental statements of these products according to the texts referenced above. While measurement is not systematically necessary for solid wood products, for example, given the common knowledge on the densities o
46、f the various wood species and on the proportion of carbon contained in wood, this experimental measurement may prove to be necessary for products made of wood-based composite materials. The organic carbon contained in wood and wood-based materials is found in several different forms. Cumulative mea
47、surements, such as total organic carbon (TOC), need to be used. Isotopic ratio enables the differentiation between synthetic and natural products. IRMS (Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer) is a complementary method to the TOC method by an identification of the isotope 13C: both techniques are necessary
48、 to give reliable data on a bio-based content on a wood based material such as panel, board, and woods containing chemicals in general. A study is currently in progress in France on wood based materials: the results will enable to improve this present document and to give data with multi-isotopic de
49、terminations (13C, 15N, 2H, 18O). BS EN 16718:2015EN 16718:2015 (E) 6 Furthermore, the Guide to Best Practices on environmental labelling of mass-market consumer products (BP X30-323) includes in Annex G: “Carbon accounting integrating time lag” which also requires knowledge of the biomass carbon contents of the products. The purpose of this document is therefore to propose a laboratory measurement method of the amount of biomass carbon that will provide values of carbon or CO2equivalent stored in wood-based products, with the aim to integrate this informa
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