1、BS EN 16841-1:2016Ambient air Determination of odour in ambient air by using field inspectionPart 1: Grid methodBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 16841-1:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16
2、841-1:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/2/3, Ambient atmospheres.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contrac
3、t. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 87334 8 ICS 13.040.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the auth
4、ority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 16841-1:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16841-1 November 2016 ICS 13.040.20 English Version Ambient air - Determination of
5、 odour in ambient air by using field inspection - Part 1: Grid method Air ambiant - Dtermination de la prsence dodeurs par mesures de terrain - Partie 1 : Mthode de la grilleAuenluft - Bestimmung von Geruchsstoffimmissionen durch Begehungen - Teil 1: Rastermessung This European Standard was approved
6、 by CEN on 10 September 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
7、standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language a
8、nd notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hung
9、ary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENEL
10、EC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16841-1:2016 EBS EN 16841-1:2016EN 16841-1:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Norma
11、tive references 5 3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 Symbols and abbreviations . 9 5 Principle of measurement 10 6 Coordinator, assessors and panel members 14 6.1 Measurement leader and field observations coordinator 14 6.2 Assessors and panel members 14 6.3 Panel instruction 15 7 Planning of measurement
12、s and measurement procedure 16 7.1 Health and safety 16 7.2 Planning and performance of the field survey 16 8 Data recording and calculation . 25 8.1 Data recording and calculating the percentage odour time . 25 8.2 Criterion for positive single measurement (odour hour) . 25 8.3 Calculation of the o
13、dour hour frequency . 25 9 Measurement uncertainty 27 9.1 General aspects . 27 9.2 Calculation of the uncertainty of the odour hour frequency in an assessment square 28 10 Reporting of results . 29 Annex A (informative) Overview and interaction of existing odour measurement methods . 31 Annex B (inf
14、ormative) Training of assessors and instructions prior to grid measurements . 32 Annex C (informative) Examples for instructions and sheets 35 Annex D (informative) Example of the planning and evaluation of a grid measurement 38 Annex E (informative) Example for check of temporal representativeness
15、43 Annex F (informative) Example for check of spatial meteorological representativeness 45 Annex G (informative) Evaluation of odour hours and odour frequencies per assessment square . 47 Annex H (informative) Calculation of the uncertainty of a grid measurement 51 Bibliography . 57 BS EN 16841-1:20
16、16EN 16841-1:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 16841-1:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
17、 by endorsement, at the latest by May 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or
18、all such patent rights. EN 16841, Ambient air - Determination of odour in ambient air by using field inspection consists of the following parts: Part 1: Grid method Part 2: Plume method According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries
19、 are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
20、 Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16841-1:2016EN 16841-1:2016 (E) 4 Introduction Part 1 (grid method) and Part 2 (plume method) of this European Standard describe methods for direct assessment of odours in ambient air. This Europ
21、ean Standard supplements the dynamic olfactometry method described in EN 13725 which is generally only suitable for measurement of odour emissions at source. As the practical lower detection limit is typically 10 ouE/m3, EN 13725 cannot be applied to directly determine odour exposure in the field (i
22、.e. measure faint odours at the concentration where they can just be recognized). The methods for measuring odour presented in this European Standard make direct use of odour perception, the effect of odorants on the human sense of smell. The standard involves the use of qualified human panel member
23、s in the field to directly assess the presence of recognizable odour in ambient air, and provide data that can be used to characterize odour exposure in a defined assessment area. The standard presents two key approaches summarized as follows: Part 1 (presented in this document) describes a grid met
24、hod which uses direct assessment of ambient air by panel members to characterize odour exposure in a defined assessment area. Part 2 describes a plume method to characterize the presence of odour by determining the extent of the downwind odour plume of a source. Although the ultimate application of
25、this method is in monitoring the risk of exposure to odours and the resulting odour annoyance, there is no direct relation between the presence of recognizable odours and the occurrence of odour annoyance. The process leading to odour annoyance being experienced by an individual or a community is hi
26、ghly complex. Additional investigations are necessary to establish a link between odour exposure and the risk of odour annoyance, which is profoundly influenced by odour exposure frequency, by the type and hedonic tone of the odour perceived, and by the characteristics of those exposed to the odour
27、(the receptor). The relationship between odour exposure and annoyance is not within the scope of this European Standard. The sensory methods described here are only suitable for the assessment of odour in ambient air. They are not suitable for the assessment of substances that cannot be detected by
28、sensory methods, in particular when these substances may cause health effects not directly related to their perceived smell. BS EN 16841-1:2016EN 16841-1:2016 (E) 5 1 Scope This part of the European Standard describes the grid method for the determination of the level of odour exposure in ambient ai
29、r. It provides a set of instructions for measurement of ambient odour exposure within a defined assessment area, using qualified human panel members, over a sufficiently long period of time to be representative for the meteorological conditions of that location, and hence determine the distribution
30、of the frequency of exposure to odours within the assessment area. The sources of the odorant under study may be located within or outside the assessment area. The primary application of this European Standard is to provide a common basis for evaluation of exposure to ambient odours in the member st
31、ates of the European Union. The field of application of this type of measurement is to characterize the level of odour exposure within the study area, in order to assess whether the impact of that exposure on resident population could be a justified cause for annoyance, using exposure criteria. The
32、unit of measurement of the method is the frequency of odour hours for an assessment square, defined by four measurement points as a representative value for odour exposure for local conditions, e.g. local odour sources and the meteorology of that location. This European Standard does not include: th
33、e measurement of intensity of ambient odours, the measurement of hedonic tone of ambient odours, the calculation of odour exposure in specific weather conditions in order to determine the frequency distribution of recognizable odour in an odorant plume, the calculation of estimated source emission r
34、ate from plume assessment using reverse dispersion modelling. An overview of the interaction between existing odour exposure assessment methods is given in Annex A, including grid method (Part 1), plume method (Part 2) and olfactometry according to EN 13725. 2 Normative references The following docu
35、ments, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13725:2003, Air qualit
36、y - Determination of odour concentration by dynamic olfactometry 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 assessment area area which covers all assessment squares of a grid Note 1 to entry: The size and shape depend on the objective of
37、 the assessment and on the number and type of odorant sources that have an influence on the odour exposure in the area of study. 3.2 assessment square element of the assessment area, defined by four adjoining measurement points on the grid Note 1 to entry: Assessment squares are only necessary at lo
38、cations where an odour assessment is required. These are generally residential areas or stand-alone houses. BS EN 16841-1:2016EN 16841-1:2016 (E) 6 3.3 assessor somebody who participates in odour testing SOURCE: EN 13725:2003, 3.1.5 3.4 field inspection measuring odours in ambient air using panel me
39、mbers 3.5 field observations coordinator individual responsible for the correct execution of the field measurement procedure 3.6 field survey total of single measurements required to characterize an exposure level in an assessment area affected by one or more sources or emitting installations 3.7 gr
40、id all assessment squares of the assessment area 3.8 hedonic tone (of an odour) degree to which an odour is perceived as pleasant or unpleasant 3.9 measurement duration time required to conduct a single measurement Note 1 to entry: The measurement duration for a single measurement is 10 min. 3.10 me
41、asurement leader individual responsible for the quality assurance of the measurement Note 1 to entry: The measurement leader can be the same person as the field observations coordinator. 3.11 measurement point location where single measurements are carried out Note 1 to entry: Measurements points ar
42、e only necessary at locations where an odour assessment is required. These are generally residential areas or stand-alone houses. 3.12 measurement round measurement points to be inspected by one panel member during one measurement day constitute a measurement round BS EN 16841-1:2016EN 16841-1:2016
43、(E) 7 3.13 observation assessment of the presence or absence of recognizable odour during a single measurement once. One single measurement consists of 60 observations Note 1 to entry: A positive observation is given when a recognizable odour is detected. 3.14 odorant substance whose volatiles can b
44、e perceived by the olfactory organ (including nerves) SOURCE: ISO 5492:2008, 1.35 3.15 odour sensation perceived by means of the olfactory organ in sniffing certain volatile substances SOURCE: ISO 5492:2008, 3.18 3.16 odour detection to become aware of the sensation resulting from adequate stimulati
45、on of the olfactory system SOURCE: EN 13725:2003, 3.1.47 3.17 odour exposure contact of a human with a defined recognizable odour type, quantified as the amount of odorant(s) available for inhalation at any particular moment Note 1 to entry: As odours have no effect below the detection limit of the
46、human subject, exposure to recognizable odours may be characterized as the frequency of occurrence of concentrations above a certain odorant concentration (the recognition limit). 3.18 odour exposure indicator characteristic of the environment assessed to provide evidence of the occurrence and/or ma
47、gnitude of human exposure to a specific odour type Note 1 to entry: It is related to assessment squares and given by the odour hour frequency. 3.19 odour hour odour hour is obtained by a single measurement when the percentage odour time reaches or exceeds 10 % by convention Note 1 to entry: A test r
48、esult of one single measurement can be positive for more than one distinct odour types. 3.20 odour hour frequency ratio of positive test results (number of odour hours) to the total number of test results for an assessment square (or in special cases for a measurement point) BS EN 16841-1:2016EN 168
49、41-1:2016 (E) 8 3.21 intensity magnitude of the perceived sensation SOURCE: ISO 5492:2008, 2.8 3.22 intensity magnitude of the stimulus causing the perceived sensation SOURCE: ISO 5492:2008, 2.9 3.23 odour recognition (in ambient air) odour sensation in ambient air that allows positive identification of the odour type 3.24 odour type odour that can be recognized and assigned to a certain installation or source Note 1 to entry: Odour types are defined specifically for one survey. One installation can emit more than one odour type. Several install
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