EN 16851-2017 en Cranes - Light crane systems《起重机 轻型起重机系统》.pdf

1、BS EN 16851:2017Cranes Light crane systemsBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 16851:2017 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16851:2017.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Techni

2、calCommittee MHE/3/3, Bridge, gantry and slewing jib cranes.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The B

3、ritish Standards Institution 2017. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 85598 6ICS 53.020.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 Jan

4、uary 2017.Amendments/Corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16851:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16851 January 2017 ICS 53.020.20 English Version Cranes - Light crane systems Appareils de levage charge suspendue - Systmes de grue lgre Krane - Leichtkrans

5、ysteme This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 November 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliograph

6、ical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibilit

7、y of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of

8、 Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORM

9、ALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16851:2017 EBS EN 16851:2017EN 16851:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European f

10、oreword . 5 Introduction 6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions . 9 4 List of significant hazards . 11 5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures 16 5.1 General . 16 5.2 Aluminium structures 17 5.2.1 General . 17 5.2.2 Products and materials 17 5.2.3 Proof of static stren

11、gth . 18 5.2.4 Proof of fatigue strength 18 5.2.5 Proof of elastic stability . 19 5.3 Actions on supporting structures . 19 5.4 General components . 19 5.4.1 Joints in crane tracks, crane bridges and monorails . 19 5.4.2 Suspensions 20 5.4.3 Bridge skewing 20 5.4.4 Backup devices for trolleys and su

12、spensions 20 5.4.5 Turntables and switches . 20 5.4.6 Interlock 21 5.4.7 Loading/unloading station . 22 5.4.8 Telescopic and cantilevered crane systems . 22 5.4.9 Trolleys 23 5.4.10 End stops and motion limiters 23 5.4.11 Power supply . 24 5.5 Tandem operation of cranes/trolleys from a single contro

13、l station . 24 5.6 Use of multiple lifting devices 24 5.7 Man-machine interface 24 5.7.1 Control devices and control stations. 24 5.7.2 Horizontal speeds 24 5.7.3 Guarding and access 25 5.7.4 Lighting 26 5.7.5 Reduction of noise by design . 26 5.8 Equipment for warning 27 5.8.1 General . 27 5.8.2 Wa

14、rning markings . 27 5.8.3 Cableless control warning light 27 5.8.4 Location of the visual display unit . 27 5.9 Safety related functions of control systems 27 6 Fitness for purpose testing . 28 6.1 Functional test . 28 6.2 Static test . 28 BS EN 16851:2017EN 16851:2017 (E) 3 6.3 Dynamic test . 29 7

15、Information for use 29 7.1 General . 29 7.2 Operators manual 29 7.3 Users manual . 30 7.3.1 General . 30 7.3.2 Instructions for installation 30 7.3.3 Instructions for maintenance . 32 7.4 Marking of rated capacities . 33 Annex A (informative) Guidance for specifying the operating duty 34 Annex B (no

16、rmative) Actions on supporting structures and installation dimensions . 35 B.1 Loads and load combinations . 35 B.2 Jib cranes . 36 B.2.1 Pillar jib crane 36 B.2.2 Wall-mounted jib crane 37 B.3 Suspended light crane systems 38 B.4 Free-standing systems 39 Annex C (normative) Noise test code 40 C.1 G

17、eneral . 40 C.2 Description of machinery family . 41 C.3 Determination of a conventional emission sound pressure level by calculation . 41 C.3.1 Principle of the method 41 C.3.2 Calculation. 41 C.4 Determination of emission sound pressure level at control stations and other specified positions and d

18、etermination of sound power level by measurement 43 C.4.1 Measurement method and points . 43 C.4.1.1 Measurement of sound pressure level at working positions 43 C.4.1.2 Determination of sound power level or sound pressure level at determined positions . 44 C.4.2 Installation and mounting conditions

19、. 44 C.4.3 Operating conditions . 45 C.4.3.1 General . 45 C.4.3.2 Hoisting and traversing 45 C.4.3.3 Travelling 45 C.5 Uncertainties 46 C.6 Information to be recorded. 46 C.7 Information to be reported . 46 C.8 Declaration and verification of noise emission values . 46 Annex D (informative) Selectio

20、n of a suitable set of European Standards for cranes in a given application. 48 BS EN 16851:2017EN 16851:2017 (E) 4 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 50 Bibliography . 51 BS EN 16851:2017EN

21、16851:2017 (E) 5 European foreword This document (EN 16851:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by e

22、ndorsement, at the latest by July 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identif

23、ying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an in

24、tegral part of this document. For relationship with other European Standards for cranes, see Annex D. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,

25、 Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey a

26、nd the United Kingdom. BS EN 16851:2017EN 16851:2017 (E) 6 Introduction This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100. This European Standard has been prepared to provide one means for equipment of cranes to conform to the essential health and safety requirements of the Machi

27、nery Directive. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events are covered are indicated in the scope of this document (see Clause 1). When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the p

28、rovisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard. BS EN 16851:2017EN 16851:2017 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard applies to: light crane systems, either

29、 suspended or free-standing systems; pillar jib cranes; wall-mounted jib crane. NOTE 1 For illustration of crane types, see Annex B. NOTE 2 The rated capacity of the light crane systems is generally below 10 t, but the standard is still applicable, if the rated capacity is higher. This European Stan

30、dard is applicable to cranes and crane systems, whose structures are made of steel or aluminium, excluding aluminium structures containing welded joints. This European Standard is not applicable to cranes covered by another product specific crane standard, e.g. EN 15011 or EN 14985. This European St

31、andard gives requirements for all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to cranes, when used as intended and under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). The specific hazards due to potentially explosive atmospheres, ionizing radiation, operation in electroma

32、gnetic fields beyond the range of EN 61000-6-2 and operation in pharmacy or food industry are not covered by this European Standard. This European Standard does not include requirements for the lifting of persons. This European Standard is applicable to cranes, which are manufactured after the date

33、of approval by CEN of this European Standard. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition o

34、f the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 349, Safety of machinery Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body EN 515, Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Wrought products - Temper designations EN 614-1, Safety of machinery Ergonomic design principles Part 1: Termin

35、ology and general principles EN 755-9, Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 9: Profiles, tolerances on dimensions and form EN 795, Personal fall protection equipment - Anchor devices EN 894-1, Safety of machinery Ergonomics requirements for the design of displa

36、ys and control actuators Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators EN 894-2, Safety of machinery Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators Part 2: Displays BS EN 16851:2017EN 16851:2017 (E) 8 EN 12077-2, Cranes safety Require

37、ments for health and safety Part 2: Limiting and indicating devices EN 12644-1, Cranes Information for use and testing Part 1: Instructions EN 13001-1, Cranes - General design - Part 1: General principles and requirements EN 13001-2, Crane safety - General design - Part 2: Load actions EN 13001-3-1,

38、 Cranes General Design Part 3-1: Limit States and proof competence of steel structure EN 13001-3-2, Cranes - General design - Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving systems EN 13001-3-3, Cranes - General design - Part 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of whee

39、l/rail contacts EN 13001-3-5, Cranes - General design - Part 3-5: Limit states and proof of competence of forged hooks EN 13135, Cranes - Safety - Design - Requirements for equipment EN 13157, Cranes Safety Hand powered cranes EN 13557:2003+A2:2008, Cranes - Controls and control stations EN 13586, C

40、ranes Access EN 14238, Cranes Manually controlled load manipulating devices EN 14492-2, Cranes Power driven winches and hoists Part 2: Power driven hoists EN 15011, Cranes Bridge and gantry cranes EN 60204-32, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 32: Requirements for hoistin

41、g machines (IEC 60204-32) EN ISO 3744:2010, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure - Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 3744:2010) EN ISO 4871, Acoustics - Declaration and verification

42、of noise emission values of machinery and equipment (ISO 4871) EN ISO 11201, Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane with negligible

43、environmental corrections (ISO 11201) EN ISO 11202:2010, Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions applying approximate environmental corrections (ISO 11202:2010) EN ISO 11203:2009, Acoust

44、ics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions from the sound power level (ISO 11203:1995) BS EN 16851:2017EN 16851:2017 (E) 9 EN ISO 11688-1, Acoustics - Recommended practice for the design of low-n

45、oise machinery and equipment - Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1) EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010) EN ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles for

46、 design (ISO 13849-1) EN ISO 13857, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857) EN ISO 14120, Safety of machinery - Guards - General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards (ISO 14120) ISO 3864 (al

47、l parts), Graphical symbols Safety colours and safety signs ISO 4306-1, Cranes Vocabulary Part 1: General ISO 4309, Cranes Wire ropes Care and maintenance, inspection and discard 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4306-1, EN ISO 3744 and

48、 the following apply. 3.1 light crane system assembly of lifting devices, bridges, trolleys and tracks with their suspensions for lifting operations 3.2 bridge beam carrying lifting device(s) and supported on trolleys running on tracks Note 1 to entry: Wording of the definition differs from that giv

49、en in ISO 4306-1. 3.3 track stationary beam on which a bridge or lifting device(s) are running Note 1 to entry: Characteristic for tracks in light crane systems is that a track can be removed from the supporting building structures without influence on strength of the supporting structures. 3.4 suspension necessary clamps, hanger rods and other fittings from which a track is suspended from a building or other supporting structure 3.5 monorail track on which lifting devices or trolleys are running Note 1 to entry: Mon