1、BS EN 16870:2017Water quality Guidancestandard on determining thedegree of modification of lakehydromorphologyBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 16870:2017 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16870:
2、2017.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/3/5, Biological Methods.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users a
3、re responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2017. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 86426 1ICS 07.060; 13.060.45Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority
4、 of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2017.Amendments/Corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16870:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16870 February 2017 ICS 07.060; 13.060.45 English Version Water quality - Guidance standard on deter
5、mining the degree of modification of lake hydromorphology Qualit de leau - Guide pour la dtermination des conditions hydromorphologiques des lacs Wasserbeschaffenheit - Anleitung zur Bestimmung der hydromorphologischen Eigenschaften von Seen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 December 2
6、016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained
7、 on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CE
8、NELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, It
9、aly, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Ce
10、ntre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16870:2017 EBS EN 16870:2017EN 16870:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Te
11、rms and definitions . 6 4 Principle 10 5 Determining the hydromorphological modifications of lakes 10 5.1 Feature categories . 10 Table 1 Features to be assessed when determining the hydromorphological modifications of lakes . 11 5.2 Procedure for scoring . 11 Table 2 Conversion table 12 6 Interpret
12、ing and reporting hydromorphological modifications 12 6.1 Modification scores . 12 Table 3 Options, applications and procedures for reporting hydromorphological modification scores . 13 6.2 Assigning classification terms . 13 Table 4 Classification terms for 5 classes (Score band A) . 14 Table 5 Cla
13、ssification terms for 3 classes (Score band B) 14 Annex A (normative) Characterization of lake modification based on hydromorphological features 15 Table A.1 Characterization of lake modification based on hydromorphological features 16 Annex B (normative) Alterations to mean annual water level range
14、. 29 Table B.1 Alterations to mean annual water level range . 29 Annex C (normative) Land cover in the lake catchment . 31 Table C.1 Land cover in the lake catchment 31 Annex D (informative) Case study examples . 32 D.1 Lago Maggiore (Italy) 32 D.1.1 Summary description . 32 Figure D.1 Location of L
15、ago Maggiore 32 D.1.2 Morphometric characteristics . 33 Table D.1 Morphometric characteristics of Lago Maggiore . 33 D.1.3 Degree of modification using Annex A 33 Table D.2 Modification scores for Lago Maggiore, using reporting option 1 33 Table D.3 Modification scores for Lago Maggiore using report
16、ing options 2, 3 and 4 . 34 BS EN 16870:2017EN 16870:2017 (E) 3 D.1.4 Conclusions . 34 D.2 Lago Bidighinzu (Italy) . 35 D.2.1 Summary description 35 Figure D.2 Location of Lago Bidighinzu . 35 D.2.2 Morphometric characteristics . 36 Table D.4 Morphometric characteristics of Lago Bidighinzu 36 D.2.3
17、Degree of modification using Annex A 36 Table D.5 Modification scores for Lago Bidighinzu, using reporting option 1 36 Table D.6 Modification scores for Lago Bidighinzu using reporting options 2, 3 and 4 37 D.2.4 Conclusions . 37 D.3 Lake Lidzbarskie (Poland) 38 D.3.1 Summary description 38 Figure D
18、.3 Location of Lake Lidzbarskie and a map of its bathymetry 38 D.3.2 Morphometric characteristics . 38 Table D.7 Morphometric characteristics of Lake Lidzbarskie 39 D.3.3 Degree of modification using Annex A 39 Table D.8 Modification scores for Lake Lidzbarskie, using reporting option 1 39 Table D.9
19、 Modification scores for Lake Lidzbarskie using reporting options 2, 3 and 4 41 D.3.4 Conclusions . 41 D.4 Lake Velenje (Slovenia) 41 D.4.1 Summary description 41 Figure D.4 Location of Lake Velenje 42 D.4.2 Morphometric characteristics . 42 Table D.10 Morphometric characteristics of Lake Velenje 42
20、 D.4.3 Degree of modification using Annex A 43 Table D.11 Modification scores for Lake Velenje, using reporting option 1 43 Table D.12 Modification scores for Lake Velenje using reporting options 2, 3 and 4 44 D.4.4 Conclusions . 44 D.5 Arkanj Lake (Serbia) . 44 D.5.1 Summary description 44 D.5.2 Mo
21、rphometric characteristics . 44 Table D.13 Morphometric characteristics of Arkanj Lake 45 D.5.3 Degree of modification using Annex A 45 Table D.14 Modification scores for Arkanj Lake, using reporting option 1 . 46 Table D.15 Modification scores for Arkanj Lake, using reporting options 2, 3 and 4 . 4
22、7 D.5.4 Conclusions . 47 BS EN 16870:2017EN 16870:2017 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 16870:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either
23、by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not
24、 be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
25、Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16870
26、:2017EN 16870:2017 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard will enable broad comparisons to be made of the hydromorphological condition of lakes throughout Europe (e.g. for reporting by the European Environment Agency). In this document, the word lake is used as a generic term for standing waters
27、including natural lakes, reservoirs, excavated pits and other artificial water bodies. The Guidance standard for assessing the hydromorphological features of lakes (EN 16039) describes a protocol for survey (field and remote sensing methods) and feature recording, whereas this standard gives guidanc
28、e on assessing the condition of those features, and focuses especially on human pressures that affect lakes. This standard has applications for nature conservation, environmental impact assessment, lake management, and guiding lake restoration work. The assessment of lake quality in Europe has evolv
29、ed over the past decades from its focus on chemical conditions to a more comprehensive ecological approach. The EC Water Framework Directive (WFD) has reinforced the need for this broader view of lake quality through its requirement for determining ecological status based on phytoplankton, phytobent
30、hos, macrophytes, invertebrates and fish. The Directive also requires hydromorphological and physico-chemical conditions to be suitable for supporting biological communities. This standard, therefore, may be helpful for implementing the WFD when indicating the extent to which pressures might have ca
31、used a departure from natural hydromorphological conditions. In doing so it complements methods that have been developed within particular countries for assessment and reporting under the WFD. However, this standard makes no links between hydromorphology and biology, nor does it set any hydromorphol
32、ogical condition targets that should be achieved. Whereas decisions on management for individual lakes require expert local knowledge and vary according to lake type, this standard provides a framework to help those decisions to be made consistently. BS EN 16870:2017EN 16870:2017 (E) 6 1 Scope This
33、European Standard provides guidance on determining the degree of modification of lake hydromorphological features described in EN 16039. It enables consistent comparisons of hydromorphology between lakes within a country and between different countries in Europe, providing a method for broad based c
34、haracterization across a wide spectrum of hydromorphological modification. Its primary aim is to assess departure from naturalness for a given type of lake as a result of human pressures, and it suggests suitable sources of information that may contribute to characterizing the degree of modification
35、 of hydromorphological features. For wholly artificial lakes or reservoirs formed by damming rivers the aim is to assess the extent to which processes approximate to those in comparable natural water bodies. However, this standard does not replace methods that have been developed within particular c
36、ountries for local assessment and reporting. Decisions on management for individual lakes require expert local knowledge and vary according to lake type. The assessment of the hydromorphological conditions as needed for the WFD (supporting the biological quality elements) remains in the competence o
37、f the individual Member States. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenc
38、ed document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15843:2010, Water quality - Guidance standard on determining the degree of modification of river hydromorphology EN 16039:2011, Water quality - Guidance standard on assessing the hydromorphological features of lakes 3 Terms and definitions For the p
39、urposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 bank physical edge of the lake shore, or of the island(s) within, generally defined by a wave-cut break in slope at or near the waters edge of the lake, but can also be defined as the line along which riparian (terrestrial or l
40、and) conditions change to littoral in-lake conditions SOURCE: EN 16039:2011, definition 3.3 3.2 bar discrete, natural, depositional feature with shallow slope into water composed of unconsolidated material 3.3 bathymetry systematic survey of size, shape and water depth distribution in a lake Note 1
41、to entry: Bathymetry is the basis of deriving morphometric parameters and to predict thermal stratification, residence time and sediment redistribution processes. SOURCE: EN 16039:2011, definition 3.5 BS EN 16870:2017EN 16870:2017 (E) 7 3.4 catchment drainage basin contributing water and sediment in
42、to a lake (also recognized as drainage area) SOURCE: EN 16039:2011, definition 3.10 3.5 connectivity continuity uninterrupted movement of water, sediment and organisms into, out of and within a lake system SOURCE: EN 16039:2011, definition 3.11 3.6 drawdown lowering of lake levels caused by delibera
43、te water release 3.7 dune underwater ridge formed by wave or current action on the lake bed 3.8 ecological status expression of the quality of the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems, by comparing the prevailing conditions with reference conditions Note 1 to entry: As classified in accor
44、dance with Annex V of the EC Water Framework Directive. 3.9 embeddedness extent to which fine sediment infiltrates littoral gravels 3.10 gauging board staff gauge graduated scale, fixed to a lake outlet or inflow structure, or directly into the substrate, used to measure the water level in a lake 3.
45、11 geotextile permeable fabric often used to reinforce or protect banks 3.12 groundwater table surface of a body of underground water below which the soil or rocks are permanently saturated with water 3.13 hard engineering stabilization of the shoreline using hard materials including concrete walls,
46、 gabion baskets and sheet piling BS EN 16870:2017EN 16870:2017 (E) 8 3.14 hydromorphology physical and hydrological characteristics of lakes including the underlying physical processes from which they result SOURCE: EN 16039:2011, definition 3.22 3.15 island landform protruding from the surface of a
47、 lake SOURCE: EN 16039:2011, definition 3.26 3.16 lake stratification variations in water column structure with respect to temperature and density SOURCE: EN 16039:2011, definition 3.30 3.17 littoral zone habitat extending from the waters edge to the lakeward limit of rooted macrophytes or algae on
48、the lake bed SOURCE: EN 16039:2011, definition 3.33 3.18 pelagic zone open water zone extending from the littoral zone towards the centre of a lake SOURCE: EN 16039:2011, definition 3.41 3.19 planform view of lake shape from above, e.g. elongate, circular, etc., and also relevant in relation to the
49、shoreline development index which expresses the degree of irregularity of a lake compared with a circular form of the same area SOURCE: EN 16039:2011, definition 3.42 3.20 profundal zone deeper parts of the lake where light does not penetrate and there is no photosynthetic activity 3.21 ramping rate rate of rise and fall of water levels often associated with hydropower generation 3.22 remote sensing group of techniques for acquiring data on land forms and land cover (e.g. aerial photographs,
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