1、CEN EN*29241-2 93 3404589 0047247 905 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 29241-2 April 1993 UDC 681.327.1: 331.101.1 Descriptors: Data processing equipment, office equipment, data terminai equipment, screens, displays, human factors engineering, specification English version Ergono
2、mic display tern requirements for office work with visual inals (VMs) - Part 2 : Guidance on task requirements (IS0 9241-2 : 1992) Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec terminaux crans de visualisation (TEV) - exigences des tches Bildschirmgerte fr Brottigkeiten - Ergonomische Anforderu
3、ngen - Ri1 2 : Arbeitsgestaltung, Anforderungen Partie 2 : Guide gnral concernant les (IS0 9241-2 1992) (IS0 9241-2 : 1992) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1992-12-20. CEN members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving thi
4、s European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (E
5、nglish, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark
6、, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway) Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1
7、050 Brussels 0 1993 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 29241-2 : 1993 E CEN EN*2924l-2 93 m 3404589 0047248 8Vl m Page 2 EN 29241-2 : 1993 Foreword On the proposal of the CEN Central Secretariat, the Technical Board has decided to submit the International Standard IS0 9241-2 : 1992 ?Ergon
8、omic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 2 : Guidance on task requirements? to the Formal Vote. The result of the formal vote was positive. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by e
9、ndorsement, at the latest by October 1993, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 1993. In acordance with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this standard : Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, G
10、reece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN EN*29241-2 93 3404589 0047249 788 D Page 3 EN 29241-2 : 1992 Introduction The introduction of a VDT-based information processing system can have effects on the structure, fun
11、ction and physical environment of an organization. Patterns of interaction can change, individual, organiz- ational and technical interdependencies can change, and the contents of jobs can change. These changes should affect the performance, health and well-being of the individuals involved in a pos
12、itive way. The application of ergonomic principles to a VDT-based information processing system is essentially the integration of task design with the design of the hardware and software and the work environment. CEN ENx29241-2 93 = 3404589 0047250 4TT Page 4 EN 29241-2 : 1993 Ergonomic requirements
13、 for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 2: Guidance on task requirements 1 Scope This part of IS0 9241 provides guidelines to users of VDT-based information processing systems with reference to office tasks. This guidance is relevant to both the organization implementing the sys
14、tem and the people using the equipment. The guidance should be applied in accordance with local, regional or national agreements and regulations. The objective of this part of IS0 9241 is to enhance the efficiency and well-being of the individual user by applying ergonomics knowledge in the light of
15、 practical experience, to the design of tasks. The ergonomics principles concerned are set out in IS0 6385. The characteristics of the visual display, and the control, workplace and environmental requirements are specified in other parts of IS0 9241. This part of IS0 9241 does not address software a
16、nd dialogue design. 2 Normative reference The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of IS0 9241. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements ba
17、sed on this part of IS0 9241 are encouraged to investi- gate the possibility of applying the most recent edi- tion of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IS0 6385:1981, Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems.
18、 3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of IS0 9241, the defi- nitions given in IS0 6385 apply. 4 Taskdesign 4.1 Aims In applying ergonomics principles to the design of tasks for users of VDT-based information processing systems, the objective is to provide for optimal working conditions with r
19、egard to human well-being, safety, and health, taking into account technological and economic efficiency. Appropriately designed tasks should: - facilitate task performance; - safeguard the users health and safety; - promote their well-being; - provide opportunities to develop their skills and capab
20、ilities with respect to the tasks concerned. In particular the following should be avoided as far as possible: - overload or underload, which can lead to un- necessary or excessive strain or fatigue, or to errors; CEN EN*29241-2 93 3404587 0047253 336 - undue repetitiveness, which can lead to sen- s
21、ations of monotony, satiation and boredom, and to dissatisfaction; An important part of the process of establishing the task requirements will be to obtain reliable and valid data directly from users. There are many ways in which this can be done, for example: - undue time pressure: a) by observatio
22、nal studies; - working alone without opportunities for social contact. 4.2 Characteristics of well-designed tasks At the same time as contributing to the main pur- pose of the VDT-based information processing sys- tem, an appropriate and efficient design for office tasks should: - recognise the expe
23、rience and capabilities of the user populations: - provide for the application of an appropriate variety of skills, capabilities and activities; - ensure that the tasks performed are identifiable as whole units of work rather than fragments; - ensure that the tasks performed make a signifi- cant con
24、tribution to the total function of the sys- tem which can be understood by the user; - provide an appropriate degree of autonomy to the user in deciding priority, pace and procedure; - provide sufficient feedback on task performance in terms meaningful to the user; - provide opportunities for the de
25、velopment of existing skills and the acquisition of new skills with respect to the tasks concerned. 4.3 Specifying design requirements In order to achieve the objectives and character- istics of a well-designed task which are set out in 4.1 and 4.2, it is necessary to consider the specific pur- pose
26、s of the system and characteristics of the users. In this way it will be possible to take account of the interdependencies which arise in particular organizational settings. There is no single best way of designing tasks to take account of user requirements, efficiency, health and well-being. The or
27、ganization which is im- plementing the system should engage in whatever activities are appropriate to the identification of task characteristics which will meet the criteria. The characteristics listed in 4.2 should be used to evaluate and compare alternative task designs. In formulating new version
28、s of a task, positive attri- butes of the task should be sustained or enhanced when compared with existing tasks. Page 5 EN 29241-2 : 1993 b) by psychometric assessment on standardized scales; c) by the use of questionnaires; d) by interviews; e) by consultation. There are three aspects of tasks inv
29、olving VDT-based information processing systems which are particularly significant in terms of their influence on the criteria for good task design. These aspects are: 9 the length and distribution of time spent operat- ing the system; g) discretion, .e. autonomy in choosing whether and how to use t
30、he system; h) dependence, .e. the degree to which the VDT-based information processing system as a work tool is essential to the performance of the task. It should be noted that there are different optimal ranges for each of these three aspects, and that their interdependencies have a particularly s
31、trong effect on the aims and characteristics set out in 4.1 and 4.2. In the course of designing the specific task, currently existing conditions should be determined with a view to predicting future requirements. Where there is insufficient information for these decisions to be made on the basis of
32、current experience, it will be necessary to gather the necessary data from tests in prototypes, simulations and pilot studies. To ensure that the process of task design is effec- tive, plans for design and evaluation should be de- veloped sufficiently in advance of system selection and installation.
33、 4.4 Implementation planning 4.4.1 General A proper implementation plan should be developed to anticipate and address the physical and psycho- logical changes that will take place in the organiz- ational environment before, during and after introduction of a new or modified VDT-based infor- mation p
34、rocessing system. CEN ENr29241-2 93 Page 6 EN 29241-2 : 1993 Successful management of the change process is the key to acceptance and productive utilization of the system. 4.4.2 Developlng an effective implementation pian To be most effective, implementation plans should be developed before system p
35、rocurement and in- stallation and in co-operation with those in the or- ganization whose operations will be most affected by the new system. User participation in the im- plementation process is of particular importance with respect to effective implementation and func- tioning of the system. The in
36、troduction of a VDT-based information processing system requires that the following aspects be addressed within an integrated framework. a) Organizational aspects 1) Functional operations and interactions (are changes necessary?) 2) Organization structure (is restructure indi- ca te d ?) 3) Job cont
37、ent and development of skills (con- sider both users and non-users of the system) b) Aspects concerning work equipment and physi- cal working conditions 1) System hardwarelsoftware requirements (examine available capability, ergonomic de- sign features) 2) Design of physical work environments (have
38、ergonomics requirements been taken into account?) 3) System support requirements (have re- liability, availability and supportability needs been adequately provided for?) c) Aspects concerning personnel issues 1) Personnel planning and work rules (are changes indicated?) 2) Employee selection and pl
39、acement criteria (are changes in current practices indicated?) 3404589 0047252 272 3) Training programmes (are they adequately designed and supported?) Users should be encouraged to identify existing and potential problems that can occur during design, implementation and beyond. Such user involvemen
40、t usually results in a better system than could other- wise be achieved. 5 Evaluation and maintenance of the system Evaluation of installed systems can be achieved by using the methods set out in 4.3 a) to e), to obtain reliable and valid measures of the criteria estab- lished in the design requirem
41、ents. Where data and experience from comparable situations exist they may be used to establish compliance with this part of IS0 9241. Successful maintenance of a VDT-based information processing system requires continuous monitoring of the criteria set out in 4.1 and 4.2. Effective com- munications
42、should be maintained to encourage us- ers to discuss their concern and to ensure timely and effective organization responses. Particular at- tention should be directed towards: - ergonomic design characteristics of VDT-based information processing system hardware and software currently in use, relat
43、ive to job require- ments and the work environment; - task content of VDT-based information process- ing system jobs in relation to job Satisfaction; - opportunities for skill development; - training and instruction programmes for VDT-based information processing system users; - communication channels that help to identify and address existing or potential areas of VDT-based information processing system user dissatis- faction. As systems mature, it should be expected that the focus of user concerns and interest will shift with regard to system characteristics.
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