EN 50499-2008 en Procedure for the assessment of the exposure of workers to electromagnetic fields《工人暴露于电磁场的评估程序》.pdf

1、Procedure for the assessmentof the exposure of workers toelectromagnetic fieldsBS EN 50499:2008raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI British StandardsNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 50499:2008.The UK

2、 participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteeGEL/106, Human exposure to low frequency and high frequency electromagnetic radiation.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include al

3、l the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 57792 5ICS 17.240 BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 50499:2008Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority

4、 of the StandardsPolicy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2009 Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD EN 50499 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM December 2008 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electr

5、otechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2008 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 50499:2008 E ICS 17.240 English version Procedure for the

6、assessment of the exposure of workers to electromagnetic fields Procdure pour lvaluation de lexposition des travailleurs aux champs lectromagntiques Verfahren fr die Beurteilung der Exposition von Arbeitnehmern gegenber elektromagnetischen Feldern This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 20

7、08-10-21. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be

8、 obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the

9、 Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembou

10、rg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 50499:2008EN 50499:2008 - 2 - Foreword This European Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 106X, Electromagnetic fields in the human envir

11、onment. The text of the draft was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 50499 on 2008-10-21. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2009-11-0

12、1 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2011-11-01 This European Standard has been prepared under Mandate M/351 given to CENELEC by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association and covers essential requirements of EC Directi

13、ve 2004/40/EC. This standard is intended to be a standard under which other standards related to the assessment of a work place can be used. The approaches outlined in this standard, are intended to be simple, allowing most employers to make an assessment with the minimum of technical knowledge and

14、effort. _ BS EN 50499:2008- 3 - EN 50499:2008 Contents 1 Scope . 4 2 Normative references. 4 3 Terms and definitions 5 4 General considerations on assessment 6 4.1 Introduction 6 4.2 Overview of risk assessment procedure 6 4.3 Indirect effects 9 4.4 Uncertainty for assessments using Clauses 7, 8 and

15、 9 . 9 5 Initial assessment 9 6 Workplaces likely to require further assessment .13 7 Standards for specific work places 15 8 Methodology for assessing work place exposure by comparison with the action values 15 9 Methodology for assessing work place exposure by comparison with the exposure limit va

16、lues 15 10 Methodology for taking measures 16 Annex A (normative) Other health and safety issues: indirect effects of fields and workers at particular risk 17 Annex B (informative) Documenting the risk assessment .19 Annex C (informative) CE-marked equipment22 Annex D (informative) Simultaneous expo

17、sure to multiple frequencies: general process 24 Annex E (informative) Simultaneous exposure to multiple frequencies: The Total Exposure Quotient (TEQ) approach 28 Annex F (informative) AC electricity supplies33 Annex G (informative) Zoning 41 Bibliography 43 Figures Figure 1 Assessment process .8 F

18、igure G.1 Zoning process . 42 Tables Table 1 A priori compliant workplaces and equipment . 10 Table 2 Examples of equipment likely to require further assessment 14 Table C.1 List of EMF product standards . 23 Table F.1 Electric and magnetic field action values for 50 Hz . 33 Table F.2 Minimum distan

19、ce of approach, in metres, to the centre of individual insulated conductors, based on the action value alone . 34 Table F.3 Electric and magnetic field reference levels for 50 Hz . 38 BS EN 50499:2008EN 50499:2008 - 4 - 1 Scope The scope of this European Standard is to provide a general procedure in

20、 order to assess workers exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields in a work place to demonstrate compliance with exposure limit values and action values as stated in the Council and European Parliament Directive 2004/40/EC. The purpose of this European Standard is to - specify how t

21、o perform an initial assessment of the levels of workers exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF), if necessary including specific exposure assessment of such levels by measurements and/or calculations, - determine whether it is necessary to carry out a detailed risk assessment of EMF exposure. This

22、 European Standard can be used by employers for the risk assessment and, where required, measurement and/or calculation of the exposure of workers. Based on specific workplace standards it can be determined whether preventive measures/actions must be taken to comply with the provisions of the Direct

23、ive. The frequencies covered are from 0 Hz to 300 GHz. NOTE 1 This European Standard is written under Mandate M/351 and relates to the exposure limits as specified in the Directive 2004/40/EC. It is intended to protect workers from risks to their health and safety arising or likely to arise from exp

24、osure to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) during their work. However, this and other directives may include additional measures for the protection of specific groups of workers and/or specific work places for which the employer is required to investigate other protective measures as a part o

25、f the overall risk assessment. See Annex A. NOTE 2 The Council and European Parliament Directive 2004/40/EC will be transposed into national legislation in all the EU member countries. It is recommended that users of this standard consult the national legislation related to this transposition in ord

26、er to identify the national regulations and requirements. These national regulations and requirements may have additional requirements that are not covered by this standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated re

27、ferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 50371, Generic standard to demonstrate the compliance of low power electronic and electrical apparatus with the basic restrictions related to human e

28、xposure to electromagnetic fields (10 MHz 300 GHz) General public EN 50400, Basic standard to demonstrate the compliance of fixed equipment for radio transmission (110 MHz 40 GHz) intended for use in wireless telecommunication networks with the basic restrictions or the reference levels related to g

29、eneral public exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, when put into service EN 50413, Basic standard on measurement and calculation procedures for human exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (0 Hz 300 GHz) EN 60335-2-29, Household and similar electrical appliances Saf

30、ety Part 2-29: Particular requirements for battery chargers (IEC 60335-2-29) EN 60335-2-45, Household and similar electrical appliances Safety Part 2-45: Particular requirements for portable heating tools and similar appliances (IEC 60335-2-45) BS EN 50499:2008- 5 - EN 50499:2008 EN 60745-1, Hand-he

31、ld motor-operated electric tools Safety Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60745-1, mod.) EN 61029-1, Safety of transportable motor-operated electric tools Part 1: General requirements (IEC 61029-1, mod.) EN 62226-1, Exposure to electric or magnetic fields in the low and intermediate frequency range

32、Methods for calculating the current density and internal electric field induced in the human body Part 1: General (IEC 62226-1) EN 62226-2-1, Exposure to electric or magnetic fields in the low and intermediate frequency range Methods for calculating the current density and internal electric field in

33、duced in the human body Part 2-1: Exposure to magnetic fields 2D models (IEC 62226-2-1) EN 62226-3-1, Exposure to electric or magnetic fields in the low and intermediate frequency range methods for calculating the current density and internal electric field induced in the human body Part 3-1: Exposu

34、re to electric fields Analytical and 2D numerical models (IEC 62226-3-1) EN 62311, Assessment of electronic and electrical equipment related to human exposure restrictions for electromagnetic fields (0 Hz 300 GHz) (IEC 62311, mod.) ETSI TR 101 870, Fixed radio transmitter sites Exposure to non-ionis

35、ing electromagnetic fields Guidelines for working conditions 1999/519/EC, Council Recommendation of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) 2004/40/EC, Directive 2004/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April

36、2004 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (electromagnetic fields) (18th individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC) Further information on the scopes of these standards can be

37、obtained from a national standardisation body who is a member of CENELEC or at the CENELEC web site www.cenelec.eu. 3 Terms and definitions 3.1 action values magnitude of directly measurable parameters provided in terms of electric field strength (E), magnetic field strength (H), magnetic flux densi

38、ty (B) and power density (S), contact current and limb induced current at which one or more of the specified measures in this Directive must be undertaken. Compliance with these values will ensure compliance with the relevant exposure limit values (from 2004/40/EC) 3.2 employer any natural or legal

39、person who has an employment relationship with the worker and has responsibility for the undertaking and/or establishment (from 89/391/EEC) 3.3 equipment for the purpose of this standard, the term equipment is understood in a broad sense covering all sources of electromagnetic emission, including de

40、vices, products, instrumentation, installations and prototypes under development BS EN 50499:2008EN 50499:2008 - 6 - 3.4 exposure exposure occurs whenever and wherever a person is subjected to external electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields or to contact current 3.5 exposure limits guideline o

41、r restriction values on exposure that are given in international or national standards, guidelines or directives on human exposure to electromagnetic fields. For Directive 2004/40/EC the exposure limits are the action values and the exposure limit values and also the other specific requirements in t

42、hat directive to avoid other risks related to workplace exposure to electromagnetic fields 3.6 exposure limit values limits on exposure to electromagnetic fields which are based directly on established health effects and biological considerations. Compliance with these limits will ensure that worker

43、s exposed to electromagnetic fields are protected against all known adverse health effects (from 2004/40/EC) 3.7 risk assessment process of determining compliance of a work place environment with the limits set in the Directive 2004/40/EC by performing the actions stated in Article 4 of the Directiv

44、e 2004/40/EC 3.8 work place location where workers have access as part of their duties 3.9 worker any person employed by an employer, including trainees and apprentices but excluding domestic servants (from 89/391/EEC) 4 General considerations on assessment 4.1 Introduction This clause describes the

45、 general concept of an initial assessment of a work place, how to compare assessment results with the action values and exposure limits, and further actions if needed. The exposure to be assessed is at the work place(s) where a worker is permitted to be present. Work place exposure level is assessed

46、 at locations (“work spaces”) to which a worker would have access as part of their duties, and its contributors are emissions from equipment affecting that location. Other health and safety issues covered by the Directive, in particular workers with active implanted medical devices (AIMDs), pregnant

47、 workers, and indirect effects shall be addressed, e.g. as outlined in Annex A. Annex B offers two forms that may be used to document the result of the assessment. 4.2 Overview of risk assessment procedure The flowchart presented in Figure 1 shows graphically the assessment process. Prior to commenc

48、ing the assessment process, and in order to determine what level of work place assessment, if any, is necessary the work place must first be characterised. This requires the employer to establish what electrical equipment exists in the work place and is emitting electromagnetic fields into the work

49、place. BS EN 50499:2008- 7 - EN 50499:2008 The first decision box of Figure 1 relates to compliant equipment. Most work places will contain only electrical equipment which either does not produce electromagnetic fields or produces them at levels below general public exposure limits. These work places will require no further assessment. Clause 5 defines which electrical equipment can be excluded from detailed exposure assessment. Table 1 defined in Clause 5 provides examples of such