EN 60034-2-1-2007 en Rotating electrical machines - Part 2-1 Standard methods for determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles) (Remains C.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60034-2-1:2007Rotating electrical machines Part 2-1: Standard methods for determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles)ICS 29.160.01g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g

2、38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 60034-2-1:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 54373 9National forewordThis British St

3、andard is the UK implementation of EN 60034-2-1:2007. It is identical to IEC 60034-2-1:2007. It supersedes BS EN 60034-2:1999 which is declared obsolescent.NOTE BS EN 60034-2:1999 is declared current and obsolescent rather than withdrawn in order to retain IEC 60034-24:1974 which is reproduced in An

4、nex B of BS EN 60034-2:1999.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/2, Rotating electrical machinery.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessa

5、ry provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60034-2-1 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM November 2007 CENE

6、LEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2007 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worl

7、dwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 60034-2-1:2007 E ICS 29.160 Partly supersedes EN 60034-2:1996 + A1:1996 + A2:1996English version Rotating electrical machines - Part 2-1: Standard methods for determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles) (IEC 60034-2-1

8、:2007) Machines lectriques tournantes - Partie 2-1: Mthodes normalises pour la dtermination des pertes et du rendement partir dessais ( lexclusion des machines pour vhicules de traction) (CEI 60034-2-1:2007) Drehende elektrische Maschinen - Teil 2-1: Standardverfahren zur Bestimmung der Verluste und

9、 des Wirkungsgrades aus Prfungen (ausgenommen Maschinen fr Schienen- und Straenfahrzeuge) (IEC 60034-2-1:2007) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2007-11-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this Eu

10、ropean Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (E

11、nglish, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austri

12、a, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. For

13、eword The text of document 2/1443/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 60034-2-1, prepared by IEC TC 2, Rotating machinery, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 60034-2-1 on 2007-11-01. This European Standard partly supersedes EN 60034-2:1996 + A1:1996 + A2:1996.

14、 The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2008-08-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2010-11-01 Annex ZA

15、has been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60034-2-1:2007 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. _ EN 60034-2:2007 2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.5 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references6 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Symbols and ab

16、breviated terms 12 4.1 Symbols 12 4.2 Additional subscripts13 5 Basic requirements .14 5.1 Direct and indirect efficiency determination 14 5.2 Uncertainty14 5.3 Preferred methods.15 5.4 Power supply.19 5.5 Instrumentation19 5.6 Units .20 5.7 Resistance 20 6 Test methods for determination of efficien

17、cy .21 6.1 State of the machine under test and test categories .21 6.2 Excitation circuit measurements.22 6.3 Direct measurements.22 6.4 Indirect measurements 24 7 Determination of efficiency (direct current machines) 36 7.1 Determination from direct measurement.36 7.2 Determination from indirect me

18、asurement36 8 Determination of efficiency (induction machines).41 8.1 Determination from direct measurement.41 8.2 Determination from indirect measurement42 9 Determination of efficiency (synchronous machines) .53 9.1 Determination from direct measurement.53 9.2 Determination from indirect measureme

19、nt54 Annex A (normative) Correction of dynamometer torque readings .60 Annex B (normative) Calculation of values for the Eh-star method 62 Annex C (informative) Types of excitation systems .65 Annex D (normative) Other test methods 66 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international public

20、ations with their corresponding European publications .75 EN 60034-2:2007 3 Figure 1 Sketch for torque measurement test .23 Figure 2 Sketch for dual supply back-to-back test (for synchronous machines: MGM G, I If f=) .23 Figure 3 Sketch for single supply back-to-back test, d.c. machines .25 Figure 4

21、 Sketch for single supply back-to-back test, synchronous machines .26 Figure 5 Induction machine, T-model with equivalent iron loss resistor30 Figure 6 Sketch for single supply back-to-back, additional losses, d.c. machines 31 Figure 7 Eh-star test circuit .34 Figure 8 Vector diagram for obtaining c

22、urrent vector from reduced voltage test.45 Figure 9 Induction machines, Reduced model for calculation 48 Figure 10 Smoothing of the residual loss data.50 Figure 11 Assigned allowance for additional load losses PLL, induction machines.52 Table 1 DC machines.16 Table 2 Induction machines17 Table 3 Syn

23、chronous machines 18 Table 4 Reference temperature 21 Table 5 Multiplying factors for different speed ratios .41 EN 60034-2:2007 4 INTRODUCTION During the revision phase for IEC 60034-2: 1972 and its amendments IEC 60034-2 A1: 1995 (defining IEC 60034-2A: 1974 as Clause 17) and IEC 60034-2 A2: 1996,

24、 WG 28 proposed and TC 2 agreed to separate the revised standard into three sections: the first part (IEC 60034-2-1) to cover machines within the scope of IEC 60034-1, which are normally tested under load; the second part (IEC 60034-2-2) to cover tests applicable mainly for large machines where the

25、facility cost for other methods is not economical (especially the calibrated-machine test, the retardation test and the calorimetric method); the third part (IEC 60034-2-3) for tests on machines for converter supply To retain in IEC 60034-2-1 as normative the test methods that will eventually become

26、 IEC 60034-2-2, a temporary Annex D has been added. This annex contains elements from IEC 60034-2:1972 and its amendment 1:1995. It also makes reference to IEC 60034-2A:1974. Both will be incorporated in the future IEC 60034-2-2. EN 60034-2:2007 5 ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES Part 2-1: Standard meth

27、ods for determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles) 1 Scope This part of IEC 60034 is intended to establish methods of determining efficiencies from tests, and also to specify methods of obtaining specific losses. This standard applies to d.c. machines and

28、 to a.c. synchronous and induction machines of all sizes within the scope of IEC 60034-1. NOTE These methods may be applied to other types of machines such as rotary converters, a.c. commutator motors and single-phase induction motors. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are in

29、dispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60027-1, Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology Part 1: General IEC 60034-

30、1, Rotating electrical machines Part 1: Rating and performance IEC 60034-2A, Rotating electrical machines Part 2: Methods for determining losses and efficiency of rotating electrical machinery form tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles) First supplement: Measurement of losses by the calori

31、metric method IEC 60034-4, Rotating electrical machines Part 4: Methods for determining synchronous machine quantities from tests IEC 60034-19, Rotating electrical machines Part 19:Specific test methods for d.c. machines on conventional and rectifier-fed supplies IEC 60044 (all parts), Instrument tr

32、ansformers IEC 60051-1, Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments and their accessories Part 1: Definitions and general requirements common to all parts IEC 61986, Rotating electrical machines Equivalent loading and super-position techniques Indirect testing to determine tem

33、perature rise NOTE A revision of IEC 61986 is under consideration; it will be published under reference IEC 60034-29. EN 60034-2:2007 6 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60034-1, IEC 60051-1 and the following definitions apply. 3.1 effi

34、ciency ratio of output power to input power expressed in the same units and usually given as a percentage 3.2 Tests for direct efficiency determination 3.2.1 general method by which the direct determination of efficiency is made by measuring directly the input power and the output power 3.2.2 torque

35、 meter test test in which the mechanical power output of a machine acting as a motor is determined by measurement of the shaft torque by means of a torque meter together with the rotational speed. Alternatively, a test performed on a machine acting as a generator, by means of a torque meter to deter

36、mine the mechanical power input 3.2.3 dynamometer test test in accordance with 3.2.2 but measuring the shaft torque by means of a dynamometer 3.2.4 dual-supply back-to-back test test in which two identical machines are mechanically coupled together, and the total losses of both machines are calculat

37、ed from the difference between the electrical input to one machine and the electrical output of the other machine 3.3 Tests for indirect efficiency determination 3.3.1 general test in which the indirect determination of efficiency is made by measuring the input power or the output power and determin

38、ing the total losses. Those losses are added to the output power, thus giving the input power, or subtracted from the input power, thus giving the output power 3.3.2 single-supply back-to-back test test in which two identical machines are mechanically coupled together, and are both connected electri

39、cally to the same power system. The total losses of both machines are taken as the input power drawn from the system 3.3.3 no-load test test in which a machine run as a motor provides no useful mechanical output from the shaft, or when run as a generator with its terminals open-circuited EN 60034-2:

40、2007 7 3.3.4 zero power factor test (synchronous machines) no-load test on a synchronous machine, which is over-excited and operates at a power factor very close to zero 3.3.5 equivalent circuit method (induction machines) test in which the losses are determined by help of an equivalent circuit mode

41、l 3.3.6 test with rotor removed and reverse rotation test (induction machines) combined test in which the additional load losses are determined from a test with rotor removed and a test with the rotor running in reverse direction to the rotating magnetic field 3.3.7 short-circuit test (synchronous m

42、achines) test in which a machine is run as a generator with its terminals short-circuited 3.3.8 locked rotor test test in which the rotor is locked to prevent rotation 3.3.9 eh-star test test in which the motor is run in star connection on unbalanced voltage. 3.4 Losses 3.4.1 total losses PTdifferen

43、ce between the input power and the output power, equivalent to the sum of the constant losses (see 3.4.2), the load losses (see 3.4.4), the addititional load losses (see 3.4.5) and the excitation circuit losses (see 3.4.3) 3.4.2 Constant losses 3.4.2.1 constant losses Pksum of the iron losses and th

44、e friction and windage losses 3.4.2.2 iron losses Pfelosses in active iron and additional no-load losses in other metal parts 3.4.2.3 Friction and windage losses Pfw3.4.2.3.1 friction losses losses due to friction (bearings and brushes, if not lifted at rated conditions) not including any losses in

45、a separate lubricating system. Losses in common bearings should be stated separately, whether or not such bearings are supplied with the machine. The bearing losses are based on the operating temperatures of the bearings, the type of oil and oil temperature. NOTE 1 When the losses in a separate lubr

46、icating system are required these should be listed separately. EN 60034-2:2007 8 For vertical machines, the losses in thrust bearings shall be determined excluding any external thrust. NOTE 2 Additional losses due to external thrust may be stated separately by agreement, which should then include th

47、rust load, temperature of the bearings, type of oil and also oil temperature. NOTE 3 Friction losses due to thrust load may be included by agreement. If the tested machine uses direct flow cooling of the bearings, these losses are distributed between the tested machine and any other one coupled to i

48、t mechanically, such as a turbine, in proportion to the masses of their rotating parts. If there is no direct flow cooling, the distribution of bearing losses shall be determined from empirical formulae by agreement 3.4.2.3.2 windage losses total losses due to aerodynamic friction in all parts of th

49、e machine, including power absorbed in shaft mounted fans, and in auxiliary machines forming an integral part of the machine NOTE 1 Losses in a separate ventilating system should be listed separately. NOTE 2 For machines indirectly or directly cooled by hydrogen, see IEC 60034-1. 3.4.3 Excitation circuit losses 3.4.3.1 excitation circuit losses Pesum of the excitation winding losses (see 3.4.3.2), the exciter losses (see 3.4.3.3) and, for synchronous machines, electrical brush