EN 60076-10-2016 en Power Transformers Part 10 Determination of Sound Levels.pdf

1、Power transformersPart 10: Determination of sound levelsBS EN 60076-10:2016BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 60076-10:2016. It is identical to IEC 60076-10:2016. It supersedes BS EN 6

2、0076-10:2001 which will be withdrawn on 1 7 O c t o b e r 2 0 1 9 .The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PEL/14, Power transformers.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport

3、 to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 76688 6ICS 29.180Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This

4、 British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60076-10:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 60076-10 November 2016 ICS 29.

5、180 Supersedes EN 60076-10:2001 English Version Power transformers - Part 10: Determination of sound levels (IEC 60076-10:2016) Transformateurs de puissance - Partie 10: Dtermination des niveaux de bruit (IEC 60076-10:2016) Leistungstransformatoren - Teil 10: Bestimmung der Geruschpegel (IEC 60076-1

6、0:2016) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2016-10-17. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliogr

7、aphical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the respon

8、sibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finlan

9、d, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. European Committee for Electro

10、technical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members. Ref

11、. No. EN 60076-10:2016 E BS EN 60076-10:2016EN 60076-10:2016 2 European foreword This document (EN 60076-10:2016) consists of the text of IEC 60076-10:2016 prepared by IEC/TC 14 “Power transformers“. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national l

12、evel by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2017-10-17 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2019-10-17 This document supersedes EN 60076-10:2001. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the e

13、lements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60076-10:2016 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modific

14、ation. BS EN 60076-10:2016EN 60076-10:2016 3 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For

15、 dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. NOTE 2 Up-t

16、o-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here: www.cenelec.eu Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60076-1 2011 Power transformers - Part 1: General EN 60076-1 2011 IEC 60076-8 1997 Power transformers - Part 8: Application guide - - IEC 6

17、1043 1993 Electroacoustics - Instruments for the measurement of sound intensity - Measurement with pairs of pressure sensing microphones EN 61043 1994 IEC 61672-1 - Electroacoustics - Sound level meters - Part 1: Specifications EN 61672-1 - IEC 61672-2 - Electroacoustics - Sound level meters - Part

18、2: Pattern evaluation tests EN 61672-2 - ISO 3382-2 2008 Acoustics - Measurement of room acoustic parameters - Part-2: Reverberation time in ordinary rooms EN ISO 3382-2 2008 ISO 3746 2010 Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure -

19、 Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane EN ISO 3746 2010 ISO 9614-1 1993 Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity - Part 1: Measurement at discrete points EN ISO 9614-1 2009 ISO 9614-2 1996 Acoustics - Determination

20、 of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity - Part-2: Measurement by scanning EN ISO 9614-2 1996 BS EN 60076-10:2016 2 IEC 60076-10:2016 IEC 2016 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope 8 2 Normative references. 8 3 Terms and definitions 9 4 Sound power for different loading

21、 conditions 11 4.1 General . 11 4.2 Sound power at no-load excitation . 12 4.3 Sound power of the cooling device(s) 12 4.4 Sound power due to load current . 12 5 Sound level measurement specification 14 6 Instrumentation, calibration and accuracy . 15 7 Principal radiating surface 16 7.1 General . 1

22、6 7.2 Transformers with or without cooling device . 16 7.3 Transformers in enclosures with cooling devices inside the enclosure 16 7.4 Transformers in enclosures with cooling devices outside the enclosure 17 7.5 Cooling devices mounted on a separate structure where the distance between the two princ

23、ipal radiating surfaces is 3 m . 17 7.6 Dry-type transformers 17 7.7 Dry-type air-core reactors 17 8 Prescribed contour 18 9 Microphone positions . 19 10 Calculation of the measurement surface area . 19 10.1 Measurement surface area for measuring distances up to 30 m 19 10.2 Measurement surface area

24、 for measuring distances larger than 30 m . 19 11 Sound measurement 20 11.1 Test conditions 20 11.1.1 Placement of test object . 20 11.1.2 Test energisation options . 20 11.1.3 Test application details 21 11.1.4 Prevailing ambient conditions . 21 11.2 Sound pressure method 21 11.2.1 General . 21 11.

25、2.2 Test procedure . 21 11.2.3 Calculation of the spatially averaged sound pressure level 22 11.2.4 Validation of test measurements with respect to background noise 23 11.2.5 Calculation of environmental correction K . 23 11.2.6 Final correction for steady-state background noise and test environment

26、 . 25 11.3 Sound intensity method . 26 11.3.1 General . 26 11.3.2 Test procedure . 26 11.3.3 Calculation of average normal sound intensity and sound pressure level . 27 11.3.4 Measurement validation . 28 11.3.5 Final correction based on P-I index and direction flag . 28 BS EN 60076-10:2016IEC 60076-

27、10:2016 IEC 2016 3 12 Determination of sound power level by calculation 29 13 Logarithmic addition and subtraction of individual sound levels . 29 14 Far-field calculations for distances larger than 30 m . 30 15 Presentation of results . 31 Annex A (informative) Narrow-band and time-synchronous meas

28、urements 40 A.1 General considerations 40 A.2 Narrow-band measurement . 40 A.2.1 General . 40 A.2.2 Post processing of narrow-band measurements to exclude background noise . 41 A.3 Time-synchronous averaging technique . 41 Annex B (informative) Typical report of sound level determination . 42 B.1 So

29、und pressure method 42 B.2 Sound pressure method Appendix for the point-by-point procedure 50 B.3 Sound intensity method . 51 B.4 Sound intensity method Appendix for the point-by-point procedure 59 Bibliography . 60 Figure 1 Typical microphone path / positions for sound measurement on transformers e

30、xcluding cooling devices . 33 Figure 2 Typical microphone path / positions for sound measurement on transformers having cooling devices mounted either directly on the tank or on a separate structure spaced 4 m: 2 prescribed contours (see Figure 6 e) and Figure 6 f); BS EN 60076-10:2016IEC 60076-10:2

31、016 IEC 2016 19 hS 2 m and any hR: 2 prescribed contours (see Figure 6 g); where hSis the height of the support structure; hRis the height of the coil / stack. 9 Microphone positions For the walk-around procedure, the microphone shall be moved with a constant speed of maximum 1 m/s on the prescribed

32、 contour(s) around the test object. At the given walking speed, the sampling rate of modern integrating sound level meters is always sufficient for accurate spatial averaging up to a resolution of 1/3-octave. The spatially averaged sound level over the measurement duration shall be recorded together

33、 with the active measurement duration in the test report. NOTE The “START STOP” and “PAUSE” functions of such sound level meters can be used to simplify the measuring procedure, i.e. to negotiate obstacles and/or to change between prescribed contours. For the point-by-point procedure, the microphone

34、 positions shall be on the prescribed contour(s), equally spaced and not more than 1 m apart (see dimension D in Figures 1 to 5). There shall be a minimum of eight microphone positions along each contour. The measuring duration shall be a minimum of three seconds and be practically the same duration

35、 at each position. It can be necessary to modify some measuring positions for certain test objects for safety reasons, for example, in the case of transformers with horizontal high voltage bushings where part of the prescribed contour(s) may be confined to the safe zone. 10 Calculation of the measur

36、ement surface area 10.1 Measurement surface area for measuring distances up to 30 m The area S of the measurement surface, expressed in square metres, is given by Equation (8): S = (h + x) lm(8) where h is the height of the principal radiating surface in meters as per Clause 7; lmis the length in me

37、tres of the prescribed contour; x is the measurement distance in meters from the principal radiating surface to the prescribed contour. NOTE 1 Equation (8) applies for the measuring distances of 0,3 m, 1 m, 2 m but also any other measuring distance up to 30 m. NOTE 2 Equation (8) is also applicable

38、for the calculation of the sound pressure level from the sound power level. 10.2 Measurement surface area for measuring distances larger than 30 m The area S of the measurement surface (a hemisphere), expressed in square metres, is given by Equation (9): S = 2 R2(9) BS EN 60076-10:2016 20 IEC 60076-

39、10:2016 IEC 2016 where R is the distance in meters from the geometrical centre of the transformer / cooling device to the considered location in the far-field. NOTE Equation (9) is also applicable for the calculation of the sound pressure level from the sound power level. For further information on

40、far-field calculations, see Clause 14. 11 Sound measurement 11.1 Test conditions 11.1.1 Placement of test object The following conditions shall be met in order to satisfy the assumptions for the enveloping method according to ISO 3746 for sound pressure measurements and ISO 9614-2:1996 for sound int

41、ensity measurements. An environment having an approximately free field over a reflecting plane shall be used. The reflecting plane shall preferably have an acoustic absorption coefficient of less than 0,1 over the frequency range of interest, see Clause 6. This requirement is usually fulfilled when

42、indoor measurements are made over concrete, resin, steel or hard tile flooring or when outdoor measurements are made over concrete, sealed asphalt, sand or stone surfaces. The reflecting plane shall be larger than the area within the prescribed contour. Care shall be taken to ensure that the reflect

43、ing plane (supporting surface) does not radiate an appreciable sound power due to vibration. It is acceptable to close gaps between test room floor and transformer tank bottom with sound absorbing material which appear as a result of the test set up only and which do not appear in service. However,

44、any other sound absorbent materials placed on the floor within the area of the prescribed contour shall be removed during test. The measurement surface shall lie within a sound field essentially undisturbed by reflections from nearby objects and the environment boundaries. Reflecting objects shall t

45、herefore be removed as far as possible from the test object. Placing the test object not in parallel to reflecting walls and as far away as possible from those will help to minimise reflections. For more information see also 6.3 of IEC 60076-10-1:2016. The use of sound absorbing panels outside the a

46、rea of the prescribed contour will also improve the test environment. The enveloping method is not applicable for measurements inside reverberant transformer cells or enclosures. 11.1.2 Test energisation options The following options for transformer energisation are available and shall be applied as

47、 specified and agreed upon with the equipment under test at ambient temperature, see Clause 4. a) transformer at no-load excitation without cooling device(s); b) transformer at no-load excitation with cooling device(s); c) transformer at load current in short-circuit condition without cooling device

48、(s); d) transformer at load current in short-circuit condition with cooling device(s); e) cooling device(s) only. If the measurement of a specific combination is not specified to be actually measured then it is acceptable to derive the sound power level of this specific combination by logarithmic ad

49、dition or subtraction of the individual measurements. BS EN 60076-10:2016IEC 60076-10:2016 IEC 2016 21 NOTE 1 It is established practice, to measure the individual sound level components during type test however the subsequent routine tests on identical units are generally performed without coolers mounted. Option a) and c) are then measured (if specified) and the cooler sound level from the type test is added. NOTE 2 Configuration c) can be applied only if no significant local temperature rise is expected i