1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 60076-4:2002 Power transformers Part 4: Guide to the lightning impulse and switching impulse testing Power transformers and reactors The European Standard EN 60076-4:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 29.180 BS EN 60076-4:2002 This British Standard, having been prep
2、ared under the direction of the Electrotechnical Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 27 September 2002 BSI 27 September 200 ISBN 0 580 40457 9 National foreword This British Standard is the official English languag
3、e version of EN 60076-4:2002. It is identical with IEC 60076-4:2002. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/14, Power transformers, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secre
4、tary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalo
5、gue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand th
6、e text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an in
7、side front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 62, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60076-4 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE
8、NORM September 2002 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2002 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by
9、 any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 60076-4:2002 E ICS 29.180 English version Power transformers Part 4: Guide to the lightning impulse and switching impulse testing - Power transformers and reactors (IEC 60076-4:2002) Transformateurs de puissance Partie 4: Guide pour les
10、essais au choc de foudre et au choc de manoeuvre - Transformateurs de puissance et bobines dinductance (CEI 60076-4:2002) Leistungstransformatoren Teil 4: Leitfaden zur Blitz- und Schaltstospannungsprfung von Leistungstransformatoren und Drosselspulen (IEC 60076-4:2002) This European Standard was ap
11、proved by CENELEC on 2002-09-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such na
12、tional standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own langu
13、age and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Nor
14、way, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Foreword The text of document 14/413/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 60076-4, prepared by IEC TC 14, Power transformers, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 60076-4 on 2002-09-01. The fo
15、llowing dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2003-06-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2005-09-01 Annexes designat
16、ed “normative“ are part of the body of the standard. Annexes designated “informative“ are given for information only. In this standard, annex ZA is normative and annexes A and B are informative. Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60076
17、-4:2002 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. _ 2egaP 2002:467006NESBPage2 EN600764:2002CONTENTS1 Scope.52 Normative references .53 General 64 Specified waveshapes 65 Test circuit .66 Calibration87 Lightning impulse tests.8 7.1 Waveshapes8 7.2 Impulses chopped on t
18、he tail.9 7.3 Terminal connections and applicable methods of failure detection.10 7.4 Test procedures 11 7.5 Recording of tests .128 Switching impulse tests 15 8.1 Special requirements.15 8.2 Transformers.15 8.3 Reactors199 Interpretation of oscillograms or digital recordings21 9.1 Lightning impulse
19、 21 9.2 Switching impulse23 10 Digital processing, including transfer function analysis .24 11 Impulse test reports26 Annex A (informative) Principles of waveshape control .31 Annex B (informative) Typical oscillograms and digital recordings.38 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to internatio
20、nal publications with their corresponding European publications .62 Figure 1 Typical impulse test circuit .27 Figure 2 Lightning impulse test terminal connections and applicable methods of failure detection 28 Figure 3 Transformer and reactor switching impulse waveshapes 29 Figure 4 Switching impuls
21、e test terminal connections and methods of failure detection 30 Figure A.1 Waveshape control for high-impedance windings31 Figure A.2 Wavetail control for low impedance windings 33 Figure A.3 Damped oscillation .34 Figure A.4 Effects due to short length of wavetail.36 Figure A.5 Winding earthed thro
22、ugh a resistor .37 Figure A.6 Resistance earthing of low-impedance windings .37 Figure B.1 Lightning impulse, full-wave failure Line-to-neutral breakdown across high-voltage winding of 400 kV generator transformer .40 Figure B.2 Lightning impulse, full-wave failure Breakdown between discs at entranc
23、e to high-voltage winding of 115 kV transformer 41 3egaP 2002:467006NESBPage3 EN600764:2002Figure B.3 Lightning impulse, interlayer breakdown in coarse-step tapping winding of a 400/220 kV transformer42 Figure B.4 Lightning impulse, full-wave failure Breakdown between leads of two 1,1 % sections of
24、outside tapping winding of 400 kV generator transformer43 Figure B.5 Lightning impulse, full-wave failure Breakdown short-circuiting one section of the fine-step tapping winding of a 220 kV transformer 44 Figure B.6 Lightning impulse, full-wave failure Breakdown between parallel conductors in a mult
25、i-conductor main high-voltage winding of a 220/110 kV transformer.45 Figure B.7 Lightning impulse, full-wave failure Breakdown between foils of 66 kV bushing on tested winding.46 Figure B.8 Lightning impulse, chopped-wave failure Breakdown between turns in the main high-voltage winding of a 115 kV t
26、ransformer .47 Figure B.9 Lightning impulse, chopped-wave failure Breakdown between turns in a fine-step tapping winding of a 220 kV transformer48 Figure B.10 Chopped lightning impulse Impulses at different voltage levels with identical times to chopping when testing a 115 kV transformer 49 Figure B
27、.11 Chopped lightning impulse Effects of differences in times to chopping when testing a 220 kV transformer50 Figure B.12 Full lightning impulse Effect of non-linear resistors embodied in neutral end on-load tap-changer of a transformer with separate windings51 Figure B.13 Full lightning impulse Eff
28、ect of generator firing differences at different voltage levels when testing a 400 kV transformer52 Figure B.14 Switching impulse Satisfactory test on a 400 kV three-phase generator transformer .53 Figure B.15 Switching impulse Breakdown by axial flashover of the main high- voltage winding of a 525
29、kV single-phase, generator transformer54 Figure B.16 Switching impulse Satisfactory test on a 33 Mvar, 525 kV single-phase shunt reactor55 Figure B.17 Lightning impulse Comparison of the transfer function of a full wave and a chopped wave .56 Figure B.18 Full lightning impulse Evaluation of a non-st
30、andard waveshape Influence of in-built smoothing algorithms in digitizers 57 Figure B.19 Full lightning impulse Non-standard waveshape, superimposed oscillations with 50 % amplitude and frequency 0,5 MHz57 Figure B.20 Chopped lightning impulse Non-standard chopped wave on a layer type winding .58 Fi
31、gure B.21 Full lightning impulse Non-standard waveshape, comparison of non-standard waveshapes by digitizers of different make from the same recording.59 Figure B.22 Full lightning impulse Test-circuit problem caused by a sparkover to earth from a measuring cable60 Figure B.23 Full lightning impulse
32、 Failure digital recordings of a flashover between tap leads of a tap changer and of a flashover between coarse and fine tapping winding61 Table B.1 Summary of examples illustrated in oscillograms and digital recordings .38 4egaP 2002:467006NESBPage4 EN600764:2002POWER TRANSFORMERS Part 4: Guide to
33、the lightning impulse and switching impulse testing Power transformers and reactors 1 Scope This part of IEC 60076 gives guidance and explanatory comments on the existing procedures for lightning and switching impulse testing of power transformers to supplement the requirements of IEC 60076-3. It is
34、 also generally applicable to the testing of reactors (see IEC 60289), modifications to power transformer procedures being indicated where required. Information is given on waveshapes, test circuits including test connections, earthing practices, failure detection methods, test procedures, measuring
35、 techniques and interpretation of results. Where applicable, the test techniques are as recommended in IEC 60060-1 and IEC 60060-2. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
36、For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60060-1, High-voltage test techniques Part 1: General definitions and test requirements IEC 60060-2, High-voltage test techniques Part 2: Measuring systems IEC 60076-3, Power transformers Pa
37、rt 3: Insulation levels, dielectric tests and external clearances in air IEC 60289, Reactors IEC 61083-1, Instruments and software used for measurement in high-voltage impulse tests Part 1: Requirements for instruments IEC 61083-2, Digital recorders for measurements in high-voltage impulse tests Par
38、t 2: Evaluation of software used for the determination of the parameters of impulse waveforms 5egaP 2002:467006NESBPage5 EN600764:20023 General This standard is primarily based on the use of conventional impulse generators for both lightning and switching impulse testing of transformers and reactors
39、. The practice of switching impulse generation with discharge of a separate capacitor into an intermediate or low-voltage winding is also applicable. However, the method which employs an additional inductance in series with the capacitor to provide slightly damped oscillations transferred into the h
40、igh- voltage winding is not applicable. Alternative means of switching impulse generation or simulation such as d.c. current interruption on an intermediate or low-voltage winding or the application of a part-period of power frequency voltage are not discussed since these methods are not as generall
41、y applicable. Different considerations in the choice of test circuits (terminal connections) for lightning and switching impulse tests apply for transformers and reactors. On transformers, all terminals and windings can be lightning impulse tested to specific and independent levels. In switching imp
42、ulse testing, however, because of the magnetically transferred voltage, a specified test level may only be obtained on one winding (see IEC 60076-3). Whilst, on reactors, lightning impulse testing is similar to that on transformers, i.e., all terminals can be tested separately, different considerati
43、ons apply and different problems arise in switching impulse testing. Hence, in this standard, lightning impulse testing is covered by a common text for both transformers and reactors whilst switching impulse testing is dealt with separately for the two types of equipment. 4 Specified waveshapes The
44、voltage waveshapes to be used normally during lightning and switching impulse testing of transformers and reactors are given in IEC 60076-3 and the methods for their determination are given in IEC 60060-1. 5 Test circuit The physical arrangement of test equipment, test object and measuring circuits
45、can be divided into three major circuits: the main circuit including the impulse generator, additional waveshaping components and the test object; the voltage measuring circuit; the chopping circuit where applicable. This basic arrangement is shown in figure 1. 6egaP 2002:467006NESBPage6 EN600764:20
46、02The following parameters influence the impulse waveshape; a) the effective capacitance C t , and inductance of the test object, L t ; C t is constant for any given design and any given waveshape, L tis also a constant for any given design. The effective L t , however, may be influenced by the term
47、inal treatment. It varies between the leakage inductance L sfor short-circuited terminals and L ofor open-circuited terminals. More details in this respect are given in 7.1 and 7.3 and in annex A; b) the generator capacitance C g ; c) waveshaping components, both internal and external to the generat
48、or, R si , R se , R p , C L (plus, where applicable, the impedance of a voltage divider Z 1 ); d) the stray inductance and capacitance of the generator and the complete test circuit; e) chopping equipment, where applicable. The front time T 1is determined mainly by combination of the effective surge
49、 capacitance of the test object, including C L , and the generator internal and external series resistances. The time to half-value T 2is, for lightning impulses, primarily determined by the generator capacitance, the inductance of the test object and the generator discharge resistance or any other parallel resista
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