1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60193:1999Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines Model acceptance testsThe European Standard EN 60193:1999 has the status of a British StandardICS 27.140g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51
2、g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 60193:1999This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 April 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 45909 8National forewordThis British Standard is the offi
3、cial English language version of EN 60193:1999. It is identical with IEC 60193:1997. It supersedes BS EN 60995:1995 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/15, Hydraulic turbines, which has the responsibility to:A list of organizations repr
4、esented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogueunder the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”,
5、or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer imm
6、unity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in
7、 the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 287 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsEN 60193:1
8、999 2 CONTENTSPageClause1 General rules . 71.1 Scope and object 71.1.1 Scope 71.1.2 Object 71.2 Normative references 81.3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units 91.3.1 General . 91.3.2 Units . 101.3.3 List of terms, definitions, symbols and units . 111.4 Nature and extent of guarantees related to hyd
9、raulic performance. 301.4.1 General . 301.4.2 Main hydraulic performance guarantees verifiable by model test 311.4.3 Guarantees not verifiable by model test . 341.4.4 Additional performance data 342 Execution of tests 352.1 Requirements of test installation and model. 352.1.1 Choice of laboratory 35
10、2.1.2 Test installation. 352.1.3 Model requirements. 362.2 Dimensional check of model and prototype 382.2.1 General. 382.2.2 Dimensions of model and prototype to be checked. 482.2.3 Surface waviness and roughness 562.3 Hydraulic similitude, test conditions and test procedures. 602.3.1 Hydraulic simi
11、litude 602.3.2 Test conditions. 672.3.3 Test procedures . 702.4 Introduction to the methods of measurement 812.4.1 Measurements related to the main hydraulic performance guarantees. 812.4.2 Measurements related to additional data. 832.4.3 Acquisition and processing of data . 832.5 Physical propertie
12、s. 832.5.1 General 832.5.2 Acceleration due to gravity . 832.5.3 Physical properties of water 842.5.4 Physical conditions of atmosphere 892.5.5 Density of mercury . 90EN 60193:1999 3 Clause Page3 Main hydraulic performances: methods of measurement and results 913.1 Data acquisition and data processi
13、ng . 913.1.1 Introduction and definitions. 913.1.2 General requirements. 913.1.3 Data acquisition . 933.1.4 Component requirements . 943.1.5 Check of the data acquisition system 973.2 Discharge measurement 993.2.1 General 993.2.2 Primary methods 1013.2.3 Secondary methods. 1053.3 Pressure measuremen
14、t 1083.3.1 General1083.3.2 Choice of pressure-measuring section1083.3.3 Pressure taps and connecting lines 1093.3.4 Apparatus for pressure measurement .1123.3.5 Calibration of pressure measurement apparatus .1193.3.6 Vacuum measurements1193.3.7 Uncertainty in pressure measurements .1203.4 Free water
15、 level measurement 1203.4.1 General1203.4.2 Choice of water level measuring sections .1203.4.3 Number of measuring points in a measuring section .1203.4.4 Measuring apparatus1213.4.5 Uncertainty in free water level measurement.1233.5 Determination of E and NPSE 1233.5.1 General1233.5.2 Determination
16、 of the specific hydraulic energy E .1243.5.3 Simplified formulae for E 1263.5.4 Determination of the net positive suction specific energy NPSE 1313.6 Shaft torque measurement .1363.6.1 General1363.6.2 Methods of torque measurement 1363.6.3 Methods of absorbing/generating power1373.6.4 Layout of arr
17、angement .1373.6.5 Checking of system 1423.6.6 Calibration1423.6.7 Uncertainty in torque measurement 1433.7 Rotational speed measurement 1443.7.1 General1443.7.2 Methods of speed measurement.1443.7.3 Checking1443.7.4 Uncertainty of measurement.145EN 60193:1999 4 Clause Page3.8 Computation of test re
18、sults.1453.8.1 General1453.8.2 Computation of power, discharge and efficiency in the guarantee range1503.8.3 Computation of steady-state runaway speed and discharge 1653.9 Error analysis.1693.9.1 Basic principles (see ISO 5168)1693.9.2 Determination of uncertainties in model tests1713.10 Comparison
19、with guarantees 1763.10.1 General1763.10.2 Interpolation curve and total uncertainty bandwidth .1773.10.3 Power, discharge and/or specific hydraulic energy and efficiency in theguarantee range.1783.10.4 Runaway speed and discharge .1823.10.5 Cavitation guarantees.1824 Additional performance data Met
20、hods of measurement and results .1844.1 Introduction to additional data measurement.1844.1.1 General1844.1.2 Test conditions and test procedures .1854.1.3 Uncertainty in measurements .1854.1.4 Model to prototype conversion 1854.2 Data acquisition and processing for measurement of fluctuating quantit
21、ies .1864.2.1 General1864.2.2 Data acquisition .1874.2.3 Data processing .1894.3 Pressure fluctuations1904.3.1 General1904.3.2 Special requirements for model and installation 1944.3.3 Instrumentation and calibration.1954.3.4 Detailed procedures .1964.3.5 Measurement .1994.3.6 Analysis, presentation
22、and interpretation of results .1994.3.7 Transposition to prototype 2024.3.8 Uncertainties2054.4 Shaft torque fluctuations 2064.4.1 General2064.4.2 Recommendations for measurement 2064.4.3 Analysis of model test results .2064.4.4 Transposition to prototype 2064.5 Axial and radial thrust.2074.5.1 Gene
23、ral2074.5.2 Axial thrust.2084.5.3 Radial thrust.213EN 60193:1999 5 Clause Page4.6 Hydraulic loads on control components 2164.6.1 General2164.6.2 Guide vane torque2174.6.3 Runner blade torque.2224.6.4 Pelton needle force and deflector torque.2274.7 Testing in an extended operating range2304.7.1 Gener
24、al2304.7.2 Terminology .2304.7.3 Scope of tests 2334.7.4 Provisions for particular tests .2344.8 Differential pressure measurement in view of prototype index test 2364.8.1 General2364.8.2 Purpose of test.2374.8.3 Execution of test 2374.8.4 Transposition to prototype conditions2384.8.5 Uncertainty.23
25、8Annex A (informative) Dimensionless terms .239Annex B (normative) Physical properties, data .240Annex C (informative) Derivation of the equation for the specific hydraulic energyof a machine248Annex D (informative) Influence of the density of actual water Uwaon measurementand calibration.250Annex E
26、 (informative) Summarized test and calculation procedure .251Annex F (normative) Scale-up of the hydraulic efficiency of reaction machines .255Annex G (normative) Computation of the prototype runaway characteristics taking intoaccount friction and windage losses of the unit.260Annex H (informative)
27、Example of determination of the best smooth curve: methodof separate segments 261Annex J (informative) Examples analysis of sources of error and uncertainty evaluation .264Annex K (normative) Efficiency scale-up for Pelton turbines .270Annex L (normative) Analysis of random uncertainties for a test
28、at constant operatingconditions. .273Annex M (normative) Calculation of plant Thoma number Vpl277Annex N (informative) Detailed flux diagram of specific hydraulic energy, flow and power.281Annex P (informative) Bibliography 284Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications w
29、ith theircorresponding European publications .286 EN 60193:1999 6 HYDRAULIC TURBINES, STORAGE PUMPSAND PUMP-TURBINES MODEL ACCEPTANCE TESTS1 General rules1.1 Scope and object1.1.1 ScopeThis International Standard applies to laboratory models of any type of impulse or reactionhydraulic turbine, stora
30、ge pump or pump-turbine.This standard applies to models of prototype machines either with unit power greater than5 MW or with reference diameter greater than 3 m. Full application of the procedures hereinprescribed is not generally justified for machines with smaller power and size. Nevertheless,thi
31、s standard may be used for such machines by agreement between purchaser and supplier.In this standard, the term “turbine“ includes a pump-turbine operating as a turbine and the term“pump“ includes a pump-turbine operating as a pump.This standard excludes all matters of purely commercial interest, ex
32、cept those inextricablybound up with the conduct of the tests.This standard is concerned with neither the structural details of the machines nor themechanical properties of their components, so long as these do not affect model performanceor the relationship between model and prototype performances.
33、1.1.2 ObjectThis International Standard covers the arrangements for model acceptance tests to beperformed on hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines to determine if the mainhydraulic performance contract guarantees (see 1.4.2) have been satisfied.It contains the rules governing test cond
34、uct and prescribes measures to be taken if any phaseof the tests is disputed.The main objectives of this standard are: to define the terms and quantities used; to specify methods of testing and of measuring the quantities involved, in order to ascertainthe hydraulic performance of the model; to spec
35、ify the methods of computation of results and of comparison with guarantees; to determine if the contract guarantees, which fall within the scope of this standard, havebeen fulfilled; to define the extent, content and structure of the final report.The guarantees can be given in one of the following
36、ways: guarantees for prototype hydraulic performance, computed from model test resultsconsidering scale effects; guarantees for model hydraulic performance.EN 60193:1999 7 Moreover additional performance data (see 1.4.4) can be needed for the design or theoperation of the prototype of the hydraulic
37、machine. Contrary to the requirements of clauses 1to 3 related to main hydraulic performance the information of these additional data given inclause 4 is considered only as recommendation or guidance to the user (see 4.1).It is particularly recommended that model acceptance tests be performed if the
38、 expected fieldconditions for acceptance tests (see IEC 60041) would not allow the verification of guaranteesgiven for the prototype machine.This standard may also be applied to model tests for other purposes, i.e. comparative tests andresearch and development work.If model acceptance tests have bee
39、n performed, field tests can be limited to index tests (seeIEC 60041, clause 15).If a contradiction is found between this standard and any other standard, this standard shallprevail.1.2 Normative referencesThe following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,con
40、stitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editionsindicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties toagreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibilityof applying the most recent edi
41、tions of the normative documents indicated below. Members ofIEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.IEC 60041:1991, Field acceptance test to determine the hydraulic performance of hydraulicturbines, storage pumps and pump-turbinesIEC 60609:1978, Cavitation pitting e
42、valuation in hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbinesIEC 60609-2:1997, Cavitation pitting evaluation in hydraulic turbines, storage pumps andpump-turbines Part 2: Evaluation in Pelton turbinesIEC 60994:1991, Guide for field measurement of vibrations and pulsations in hydraulicmachines (tu
43、rbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines)IEC 61364:1999, Nomenclature of hydraulic machineryIEC 61366 (all parts), Hydraulic turbines storage pumps and pump-turbines TenderingdocumentsISO 31-3:1992, Quantities and units Part 3: MechanicsISO 31-12:1992, Quantities and units Part 12: Characteristic num
44、bersISO 468:1982, Surface roughness Parameters, their values and general rules for specifyingrequirementsISO 1438-1:1980, Water flow measurement in open channels using weirs and Venturi flumes Part 1: Thin-plate weirsEN 60193:1999 8 ISO 2186:1973, Fluid flow in closed conduits Connections for pressu
45、re signal transmissionsbetween primary and secondary elementsISO 2533:1975, Standard atmosphere Addendum 1: 1985ISO 4006:1991, Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits Vocabulary and symbolsISO 4185:1980, Measurement of liquid flow in closed conduits Weighing methodISO 4373:1995, Measurement of
46、liquid flow in open channels Water level measuring devicesISO 5167-1:1991, Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices Part 1:Orifice plates, nozzles and Venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running fullISO 5168:1978, Measurement of fluid flow Estimation
47、of uncertainty of a flow-ratemeasurementISO 6817:1992, Measurement of conductive liquid flow in closed conduits Method usingelectromagnetic flowmetersISO 7066-1:1997, Assessment of uncertainty in the calibration and use of flow measurementdevices Part 1: Linear calibration relationshipISO 7066-2:198
48、8, Assessment of uncertainty in the calibration and use of flow measurementdevices Part 2: Non-linear calibration relationshipsISO 8316: 1987, Measurement of liquid flow in closed conduits Method by collection of theliquid in a volumetric tankISO 9104:1991, Measurement of fluid flow in closed condui
49、ts Methods of evaluating theperformance of electromagnetic flow-meters for liquidsVIM:1993, International vocabulary of basic and general terms in metrology (BIPM-IEC-ISO-OIML)1.3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units1.3.1 GeneralFor the purpose of this International Standard the following common terms, definitions,symbols and units apply. Specialized terms are explained where they appear.Clarification of any term, definition or unit of measure in question shall be agreed to in writingby the contracting parties in a
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