1、BRITISH STANDARD Electrical electronic measurern equipment and ent kxpression of pertormance The European Standard EN 60359:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICs 17.220.20 BS EN 603 59:2002 IEC 60359:2001 Wk present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the int
2、erpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. - A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. From 1 January 1997, all IEC publicati
3、ons have the number 60000 added to the old number. For instance, IEC 27-1 has been renumbered as IEC 60027-1. For a period oftime during the change over from one numbering system to the other, publications may contain identifiers from both systems. Cr oss-r e fer enc e s The British Standards which
4、implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled ?International Standards Correspondence Index?, or by using the ?Find? facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not
5、purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside fro
6、nt cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 34, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. O BSI 15 April 2002 ISBN O 580 39309 7 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EN 60359 ICs 17.220.20 English version Electrical
7、 and electronic measurement equipment - Expression of performance (IEC 60359:2001) Appareils de mesure lectriques et lectroniques - Expression des performances (CE1 60359:2001) Elektrische und elektronische Messei n rich tu ngen - Angabe zum Betriebsverhalten (IEC 60359:2001) This European Standard
8、was approved by CENELEC on 2002-03-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning su
9、ch national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own
10、language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
11、 Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels O 2002 CENELEC - All r
12、ights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members Ref. No. EN 60359:2002 E Page 2 EN 60359:2002 Foreword The text of document 85/219/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 60359, prepared by IEC TC 85, Measuring equipment for electrical and electromagnetic quantities,
13、was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 60359 on 2002-03-01. The following dates were fixed: - latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2002-12-01 - latest dat
14、e by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2005-03-01 Annexes designated “normative“ are part of the body of the standard. Annexes designated “informative“ are given for information only. In this standard, annex ZA is normative and annexes A and B are inform
15、ative. Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC60359:2001 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated : IE
16、C 60051 (Series) NOTE IEC 60068 (Series) NOTE IEC 60529 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60529:1991 (not modified) IEC 60654 (Series) NOTE IEC 60721-3-0 NOTE Harmonized as HD 478.3.0 S1:1987 (not modified). IEC 60851-5 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60851-51996 (not modified). Harmonized as EN 60051 (Series) (not modif
17、ied). Harmonized as EN 60068 (Series) (not modified). Harmonized as EN 60654 (Series) (not modified). _ Page 3 EN 60359:2002 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 4 Scope and object . Normative references . Definit ions . 6 Specification of values and ranges . 15 Requirements for IEC standards related to the equipm
18、ent . 16 Specification of limits of uncertainty . Specification of influence quantities . .24 General rules for compliance testing 5 . 26 Annex A (informative) Conceptual and terminological evolution from “error“ to Annex B (informative) Steps in the specification of performance . Annex ZA (normativ
19、e) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications 34 “uncertainty“. .27 31 Bibliography . 33 Figure 1 - Calibration diagram . 17 Figure 2 - Calibration diagram with scale marks in units of measurement . 18 Figure 3 - Calibration diagram in different
20、 operating conditions 20 . 21 31 Figure 4 - Calibration diagram for extended operating conditions Figure 6.1 - Steps in the specification of performance . Page 4 EN 60359:2002 INTRODUCTION With the appearance of the interorganizational Guide fo fhe expression of uncerfainfy in measuremenf (GUM) that
21、 embodied the suggestions of ClPMI Recommendation CI-1981, it became clear that the classical approach to the precision and accuracy of measurement in terms of true value and error is being superseded by the approach in terms of Uncertainty. The intrinsic pitfalls of the concept of true value (hence
22、 of error) had indeed led the operative measurement world to rely increasingly on the concept of uncertainty, notwithstanding that the main body of standards concerning the performance of measuring instruments was still written in terms of the traditional approach. The widening gap between the best
23、practice in metrology and the wording of the standards prompted the normative organizations to invite their Technical Committees to update these publications. This new edition of the International Standard IEC 60359 was prepared in order to bring it into agreement with the GUM. During the procedure
24、for its approval the chapters on measurement of the new edition of the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) were published, and the opportunity was taken to bring the standard into agreement with the terms used in the IEV. The main performance characteristics of an instrument are those re
25、lated to the uncertainty of the results obtained by using the instrument. The GUM provides a general terminology and a computational framework for combining uncertainties of different origin, but it substantially deals with the issue of evaluating uncertainty in the measurement of a quantity defined
26、 as a function of other measured quantities, and does not address the issue of evaluating instrumental uncertainty, .e. the uncertainty of the results of the single direct measurements carried out by the instruments. The GUM treats it as a component of uncertainty of category B, known from informati
27、on supplied by the manufacturer or calibrator of the instrument, in the form of an expanded uncertainty with a stated coverage factor. It is therefore up to this standard to provide indications for expressing and evaluating instrumental uncertainty in a way consistent with the philosophy of the GUM.
28、 This means stating the requirements on performance of the instruments in terms of limits of uncertainty instead of limits of error, which implies a careful distinction between the indication of the instrument and the set of values assigned to describe the measurand (see Annex A for the conceptual e
29、volution from the notion of error to the notion of Uncertainty). To this purpose, this standard systematically uses (in agreement with the IEV) the notion of calibration diagram, which is also quite helpful in describing the interplay between intrinsic uncertainty, variations, and operating Uncertai
30、nty. Distinctions of this kind are essential, by the way, for the new measuring systems, based on microprocessors with internal software or using more than one input (multisensorial systems), that need to address the issue in general terms without restrictive hypotheses on the instrumental hardware.
31、 They also allow a wider choice of options in specifying performance characteristics. For many people, of course, the passage from time-honored traditional terms and notions to the ones evolved by modern metrology will require some mental adjustment, which is altogether necessary, as current instrum
32、entation has made giant steps from the times of index-on-scale instruments. However, no particular difficulty is expected in translating into terms consistent with this standard the bulk of existing technical specifications, most of which are written in terms of ”limits of error”, often with ambigui
33、ties about whether or not suggested corrections for influence quantities are included. When such ambiguities are removed, the old specifications are easily harmonized to this standard by substituting the ”limits of error” with the ”limits of instrumental uncertainty” expounded in clause 5, provided
34、the contextual indications (if any) on the means of evaluating these limits are adjusted to satisfy the definitions given in this standard. 1 Comit International des Poids et Mesures (CIPM) Page 5 EN 60359:2002 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT - EXPRESSION OF PERFORMANCE 1 Scope and o
35、bject This International Standard applies to the specification of performance, with primary reference to industrial applications, of the following kinds of electrical and electronic equipment: - indicating and recording instruments which measure electrical quantities; - material measures which suppl
36、y electrical quantities; - instruments which measure non-electrical quantities using electrical means, for all parts of the measuring chain which present electrical output signals. This standard applies to the specification of performance of instruments operating in steady- state conditions (see 3.1
37、 .I 5), usual in industrial applications. It is based on the methods expounded in GUM for expressing and evaluating the uncertainty of measurement, and refers to GUM for the statistical procedures to be used in determining the intervals assigned to represent uncertainty (including the way to account
38、 for non- negligible uncertainties in the traceability chain). This standard does not address the propagation of uncertainty beyond the instrument (or the measuring equipment) whose performance is considered and which may undergo compliance testing. The object is to provide methods for ensuring unif
39、ormity in the specification and determination of uncertainties of equipment within its scope. All other necessary requirements have been reserved for dependent IEC product standards pertaining to particular types of equipment which fall within the scope of this standard. For example: the selection o
40、f metrological characteristics and their ranges, and of influence quantities and their specified operating ranges, is reserved for IEC product standards. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the e
41、dition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60050-300:2001, Infernafional Elecfrofechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - Elecfrical and elecfronic measuremenfs and measuring insfrumenfs - Parf 31 1: General ferms relafing f
42、o measuremenfs - Parf 312: General ferms relafing fo elecfrical measuremenfs - Parf 313: Types of elecfrical measuring insfrumenf - Parf 314: Specific ferms according fo fhe type of insfrumenf ISOAEC GUIDE EXPRES:1995, Guide fo fhe Expression of Uncerfainfy in Measuremenf Page 6 EN 60359:2002 3 Defi
43、nitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. A word between brackets in the title of a definition is a qualifier that may be skipped if there is no danger of confusion with a similar term. When two terms may be used interchangeably with the same definitio
44、n, these are separated by “or“. Terms in italics in a note are new terms defined by the context. Most definitions are taken or adapted, together with their notes, from Part 31 1 of IEC 60050-300 (International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - IEV). As only terms pertaining to the “uncertainty approach“
45、 are used, IEV notes stating that the term is used in this approach were omitted. Where such definitions are simultaneously drawn from the International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology (VIM), this has been indicated. In some cases, notes have been added for the purposes of this st
46、andard. 3.1 Basic definitions 3.1.1 measurand quantity subjected to measurement, evaluated in the state assumed by the measured system during the measurement itself NOTE 1 The value assumed by a quantity subjected to measurement when it is not interacting with the measuring instrument may be called
47、unperturbed value of the quantity. NOTE 2 The unperturbed value and its associated uncertainty can only be computed through a model of the measured system and of the measurement interaction with the knowledge of the appropriate metrological characteristics of the instrument, that may be called instr
48、umental load. 3.1.2 (result of a) measurement set of values attributed to a measurand, including a value, the corresponding uncertainty and the unit of measurement IEV 31 1-01-01, modified NOTE 1 The mid-value of the interval is called the value (see 3.1.3) of the measurand and its half-width the un
49、certainty (see 3.1.4) IEV modified. NOTE 2 The measurement is related to the indication (see 3.1.5) given by the instrument and to the values of correction obtained by calibration IEV modified. NOTE 3 The interval can be considered as representing the measurand provided that it is compatible with all other measurements of the same measurand IEV modified. NOTE 4 The width of the interval, and hence the uncertainty, can only be given with a stated level of confidence (see 3.1.4, NOTE 1) IEV modified. 3.1.3 (measure-) value mid element of the set assigned to repres
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