1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60695-6-1:2005Fire hazard testingPart 6-1: Smoke obscuration General guidanceICS 13.220.99; 29.020g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44
2、g42g43g55g3g47g36g58+A1:2010National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 60695-6-1:2005+A1:2010. It is identical with IEC 60695-6-1:2005, incorporating amendment 1:2010. It supersedes BS EN 60695-6-1:2005 which will be withdrawn on 1 September 2013.The start and finish of te
3、xt introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to IEC text carry the number of the IEC amendment. For example, text altered by IEC amendment 1 is indicated by !“.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GEL/89, Fire
4、 hazard testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot con
5、fer immunity from legal obligations. BS EN 60695-6-1:2005+A1:2010This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 5 December 2005 BSI 2011Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 30 April 2011 Implementaion of IEC amendment
6、1:201 and its CENELEC endorsement A1:2010ISBN 978 0 580 63401 7EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60695-6-1:2005+A1 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM September 2010CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische
7、 Normung Central Secretariat: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2005 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 60695-6-1:2005 E ICS 13.220.99; 29.020 English version Fire hazard testing Part 6-1: Smoke obscuration General
8、guidance (IEC 60695-6-1:2005) Essais relatifs aux risques du feu Partie 6-1: Opacit des fumes Lignes directrices gnrales (CEI 60695-6-1:2005) Prfungen zur Beurteilung der Brandgefahr Teil 6-1: Sichtminderung durch Rauch - Allgemeiner Leitfaden (IEC 60695-6-1:2005) This European Standard was approved
9、 by CENELEC on 2005-05-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
10、 standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language an
11、d notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxem
12、bourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Foreword The text of document 89/692/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 60695-6-1, prepared by IEC TC 89, Fire hazard testing, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was app
13、roved by CENELEC as EN 60695-6-1 on 2005-05-01. This European Standard supersedes EN 60695-6-1:2001. The main changes with respect to EN 60695-6-1:2001 are: modified title; updated normative references; expanded terms and definitions; numerous editorial changes of a technical nature throughout the p
14、ublication; a flowchart has been added for the evaluation and consideration of smoke test methods. This European Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC/TS 60695-6-2. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an ident
15、ical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2006-02-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2008-05-01 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60695-6-1:2005 was approved by CENEL
16、EC as a European Standard without any modification. _ Foreword to amendment A1 The text of document 89/905/CDV, future amendment 1 to IEC 60695-6-1:2005, prepared by IEC TC 89, Fire hazard testing, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as amendment A1 to EN 60695
17、-6-1:2005 on 2010-09-01. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the amendme
18、nt has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2011-06-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the amendment have to be withdrawn (dow) 2013-09-01 _ Endorsement notice The text of amendment 1:2010 to the Int
19、ernational Standard IEC 60695-6-1:2005 was approved by CENELEC as an amendment to the European Standard without any modification. _ BS EN 60695-6-1:2005+A1:2010EN 60695-6-1:2005+A1:2010(E) - 2 -CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.5 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references .7 3 Terms, definitions and symbols.8 3.1 Terms a
20、nd definitions 8 3.2 Symbols 13 4 General aspects of smoke test methods14 4.1 Fire scenarios and fire models.14 4.2 Factors affecting smoke production .16 4.2.1 General .16 4.2.2 Modes of decomposition 16 4.2.3 Ventilation and burning environment 17 4.2.4 Time and temperature17 4.2.5 Removal mechani
21、sms for smoke particles 17 5 Principles of smoke measurement 17 5.1 Bouguers law17 5.2 Extinction area 18 5.3 Log10units 19 5.4 Light sources.19 5.5 Specific extinction area .19 5.6 Mass optical density 20 5.7 Visibility 21 6 Static and dynamic methods .21 6.1 Static methods 21 6.2 Dynamic methods22
22、 7 Test methods .25 7.1 Consideration of test methods .25 7.2 Selection of test specimen.25 8 Presentation of data .25 9 Relevance of data to hazard assessment26 Annex A (informative) Calculation of visibility .28 Annex B (informative) Relationships between Dsand some other smoke parameters as measu
23、red in IEC 60695-6-30 and IEC 60695-6-3130 Annex C (informative) Relationships between per cent transmission, as measured in a “three metre cube“ enclosure, and extinction area.33 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications .
24、35 BibliographyFigure 1 Different phases in the development of a fire within a compartment 16 Figure 2 Attenuation of light by smoke .18 Figure 3 Extinction area.18 Figure 4 Dynamic smoke measurement22 Figure 5 Evaluation and consideration of smoke test methods 27 BS EN 60695-6-1:2005+A1:2010EN 6069
25、5-6-1:2005+A1:2010(E)- 3 -. 37 Figure A.1 Visibility () versus extinction coefficient (k)28Figure B.1 Smoke parameters related to Dsas measured in IEC 60695-6-30 and IEC 60695-6-31 32Figure C.1 Extinction area (amount of smoke) related to percent transmission as measured in the “three metre cube“ 34
26、 Table 1 Characteristics of fire stages (ISO 19706) .15 Table B.1 Conversion from Dsto some other smoke parameters as measured in IEC 60695-6-30 and IEC 60695-6-31 31 Table C.1 Conversions from percent transmission, as measured in the “three metre cube” to amount of smoke (extinction area).33 BS EN
27、60695-6-1:2005+A1:2010EN 60695-6-1:2005+A1:2010(E) - 4 -Figure 6 Example SPRavversus t curve 24 Figure 7 SMOGRA curve derived from Figure 624 INTRODUCTION The risk of fire needs to be considered in any electrical circuit, and the objective of component, circuit and equipment design, as well as the c
28、hoice of material, is to reduce the likelihood of fire, even in the event of foreseeable abnormal use, malfunction or failure. Electrotechnical products, primarily victims of a fire, may nevertheless contribute to the fire. One of the contributing hazards is the release of smoke, which may cause los
29、s of vision and/or disorientation which could impede escape from the building or fire fighting. Smoke particles reduce the visibility due to light absorption and scattering. Consequently, people may experience difficulties in finding exit signs, doors and windows. Visibility is often determined as t
30、he distance at which an object is no longer visible. It depends on many factors, but close relationships have been established between visibility and the measurements of the extinction coefficient of smoke see Annex A. The production of smoke and its optical properties can be measured as well as oth
31、er fire properties, such as heat release, flame spread, and the production of toxic gas and corrosive effluent. This part of IEC 60695-6 serves as a guidance document and focuses on obscuration of light by smoke. BS EN 60695-6-1:2005+A1:2010EN 60695-6-1:2005+A1:2010(E)- 5 -blankFIRE HAZARD TESTING P
32、art 6-1: Smoke obscuration General guidance 1 Scope This part of IEC 60695 gives guidance on: a) optical measurement of smoke obscuration; b) general aspects of optical smoke test methods; c) consideration of test methods; d) expression of smoke test data; e) relevance of optical smoke data to hazar
33、d assessment. One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated ref
34、erences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60695-1-10, Fire hazard testing Part 1-10: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of electrotechnical products General guidelines IEC 60695-1-111, Fi
35、re hazard testing Part 1-11: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of electrotechnical products Fire hazard assessment IEC 60695-4:2005, Fire hazard testing Part 4: Terminology concerning fire tests for electrotechnical products IEC 60695-6-22, Fire hazard testing Part 6-2: Smoke obscuration Summar
36、y and relevance of test methods IEC 60695-6-30:1996, Fire hazard testing Part 6: Guidance and test methods on the assessment of obscuration hazard of vision caused by smoke opacity from electrotechnical products involved in fires Section 30: Small-scale static method Determination of smoke opacity D
37、escription of the apparatus _ 1To be published. 2To be published. !“BS EN 60695-6-1:2005+A1:2010EN 60695-6-1:2005+A1:2010(E)- 7 -IEC 60695-6-31:1999, Fire hazard testing Part 6-31: Smoke obscuration Small-scale static test Materials IEC Guide 104:1997, The preparation of safety publications and the
38、use of basic safety publications and group safety publications ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999. Safety aspects Guidelines for inclusion in standards ISO 5659-2:2006, Plastics Smoke generation Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test ISO 5660-2:2002, Reaction-to-fire tests Heat release
39、, smoke production and mass loss rate Part 2: Smoke production rate (dynamic measurement) ISO 13943:2008, Fire safety Vocabulary ISO 19706:2007, Guidelines for assessing the fire threat to people NOTE ISO 9122-1:1989, Toxicity testing of fire effluents Part 1: General, has been withdrawn and replace
40、d by ISO 19706:2007. ASTM E 1354:2008, Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter EN 13823:2002, Reaction to fire tests for building products Building products, excluding floorings, exposed to thermal attack by a s
41、ingle burning item 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 13943, some of which are reproduced below for the uses convenience, as well as the following apply. 3.1.1 combustion exothermic reaction of a su
42、bstance with an oxidizing agent NOTE Combustion generally emits fire effluent accompanied by flames and/or glowing. ISO/IEC 13943, definition 4.46 3.1.2 extinction area of smoke product of the volume occupied by smoke and the extinction coefficient of the smoke NOTE It is a measure of the amount of
43、smoke, and the typical units are square metres (m2). ISO /IEC 13943, definition 4.92 3.1.3 extinction coefficient natural logarithm of the ratio of incident light intensity to transmitted light intensity, per unit light path length NOTE Typical units are reciprocal metres (m1). !“BS EN 60695-6-1:200
44、5+A1:2010EN 60695-6-1:2005+A1:2010(E) - 8 -ISO/IEC 13943, definition 4.93 3.1.4 fire general process of combustion characterized by the emission of heat and fire effluent and usually accompanied by smoke, flame or glowing or a combination thereof NOTE In the English language the term “fire“ is used
45、to designate three concepts, two of which, fire (3.1.5) and fire (3.1.6), relate to specific types of self-supporting combustion with different meanings and two of them are designated using two different terms in both French and German. ISO/IEC 13943, definition 4.96 3.1.5 fire controlled self-suppo
46、rting combustion that has been deliberately arranged to provide useful effects and is limited in its extent in time and space ISO/IEC 13943, definition 4.97 3.1.6 fire uncontrolled self-supporting combustion that has not been deliberately arranged to provide useful effects and is not limited in its
47、extent in time and space ISO/IEC 13943, definition 4.98 3.1.7 fire effluent totality of gases and aerosols, including suspended particles, created by combustion or pyrolysis in a fire ISO/IEC 13943, definition 4.105 3.1.8 fire hazard physical object or condition with a potential for an undesirable c
48、onsequence from fire ISO/IEC 13943, definition 4.112 3.1.9 fire model fire simulation calculation method that describes a system or process related to fire development, including fire dynamics and the effects of fire ISO/IEC 13943, definition 4.116 3.1.10 fire scenario qualitative description of the
49、 course of a fire with respect to time, identifying key events that characterise the studied fire and differentiate it from other possible fires NOTE It typically defines the ignition and fire growth processes, the fully developed fire stage, the fire decay stage, and the environment and systems that impact on the course of the fire. ISO/IEC 13943, definition 4.129 !“BS EN 606
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