1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationFire hazard testingPart 7-3: Toxicity of fire effluent Use and interpretation of test resultsBS EN 60695-7-3:2011National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation o
2、f EN 60695-7-3:2011. It isidentical to IEC 60695-7-3:2011. It supersedes DD IEC/TS 60695-7-3:2004which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteeGEL/89, Fire hazard testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest
3、to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 68369 5ICS 13.220.40; 29.020 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British
4、 Standard was published under the authority of the StandardsPolicy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2011.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60695-7-3:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60695-7-3 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM October 2011 CENELEC European
5、 Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2011 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELE
6、C members. Ref. No. EN 60695-7-3:2011 E ICS 13.220.40; 29.020 English version Fire hazard testing - Part 7-3: Toxicity of fire effluent - Use and interpretation of test results (IEC 60695-7-3:2011) Essais relatifs aux risques du feu - Partie 7-3: Toxicit des effluents du feu - Utilisation et interpr
7、tation des rsultats dessai (CEI 60695-7-3:2011) Prfungen zur Beurteilung der Brandgefahr - Teil 7-3: Toxizitt von Rauch und/oder Brandgasen - Anwendung und Beurteilung von Prfergebnissen (IEC 60695-7-3:2011) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2011-10-04. CENELEC members are bound to c
8、omply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENE
9、LEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre
10、 has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
11、the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 60695-7-3:2011EN 60695-7-3:2011 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 89/1058/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 60695-7-3, prepared by IEC/TC 89 “Fire hazard testing“ was submit
12、ted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 60695-7-3:2011. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2012-07-04 latest date by which the nat
13、ional standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2014-10-04 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. En
14、dorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60695-7-3:2011 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated: IEC 60695-6-1:2005 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60695
15、-6-1:2005 (not modified). BS EN 60695-7-3:2011- 3 - EN 60695-7-3:2011 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references
16、, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. Publication Year Title EN/HD Y
17、ear IEC 60695-1-10 - Fire hazard testing - Part 1-10: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of electrotechnical products - General guidelines EN 60695-1-10 - IEC 60695-1-11 - Fire hazard testing - Part 1-11: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of electrotechnical products - Fire hazard assessmen
18、t EN 60695-1-11 - IEC 60695-7-1 - Fire hazard testing - Part 7-1: Toxicity of fire effluent - General guidance EN 60695-7-1 - IEC 60695-7-2 - Fire hazard testing - Part 7-2: Toxicity of fire effluent - Summary and relevance of test methods EN 60695-7-2 - IEC Guide 104 - The preparation of safety pub
19、lications and the use of basic safety publications and group safety publications - - ISO/IEC Guide 51 - Safety aspects - Guidelines for their inclusion in standards - - ISO 13344 2004 Estimation of the lethal toxic potency of fire effluents - - ISO 13571 2007 Life-threatening components of fire - Gu
20、idelines for the estimation of time available for escape using fire data - - ISO 13943 2008 Fire safety - Vocabulary EN ISO 13943 2010 ISO 16312-1 - Guidance for assessing the validity of physical fire models for obtaining fire effluent toxicity data for fire hazard and risk assessment - Part 1: Cri
21、teria - - ISO/TR 16312-2 - Guidance for assessing the validity of physical fire models for obtaining fire effluent toxicity data for fire hazard and risk assessment - Part 2: Evaluation of individual physical fire models - - ISO 19701 - Methods for sampling and analysis of fire effluents - - ISO 197
22、02 - Toxicity testing of fire effluents - Guidance for analysis of gases and vapours in fire effluents using FTIR gas analysis - - BS EN 60695-7-3:2011EN 60695-7-3:2011 - 4 - Publication Year Title EN/HD Year ISO 19706 - Guidelines for assessing the fire threat to people - - BS EN 60695-7-3:2011 2 6
23、0695-7-3 IEC:2011 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions . 8 4 Principles of toxic hazard assessment . 14 4.1 General . 14 4.2 Exposure dose. 15 4.3 Determination of concentration-time data . 16 4.4 Asphyxiants and the fractional effective dose, FED 17
24、 4.4.1 General . 17 4.4.2 Properties of the FED . 17 4.4.3 Uses of the FED 18 4.5 Irritants and the fractional effective concentration, FEC 18 4.6 Carbon dioxide 19 4.7 Oxygen vitiation . 19 4.8 Heat stress 19 4.9 Effects of stratification and transport of fire atmospheres . 19 5 Methods of toxic ha
25、zard assessment . 19 5.1 General approach 19 5.2 Equations used to predict death . 19 5.2.1 Simple toxic gas model 19 5.2.2 The N-gas model . 20 5.2.3 Hyperventilatory effect of carbon dioxide 20 5.2.4 Lethal toxic potency values 20 5.2.5 Mass loss model 21 5.3 Equations used to predict incapacity 2
26、1 5.3.1 Asphyxiant gas model 21 5.3.2 Irritant gas model . 22 5.3.3 Mass loss model 22 6 Toxic potency values 22 6.1 Generic values of toxic potency . 22 6.2 Toxic potency values obtained from chemical analyses 22 6.3 Toxic potency values obtained from animal tests 22 7 Limitations on the interpreta
27、tion of toxicity test results . 22 8 Effluent components to be measured 23 8.1 Minimum reporting . 23 8.2 Additional reporting 23 8.2.1 Gaseous fire effluent components 23 8.2.2 Airborne particulates 24 Annex A (informative) Guidance for the use of LC50values 25 Annex B (informative) A simple worked
28、 example to illustrate the principles of a toxic hazard analysis . 28 Annex C (informative) F values for irritants . 32 Bibliography 33 BS EN 60695-7-3:201160695-7-3 IEC:2011 3 Figure 1 Exposure dose as a function of time and concentration . 15 Figure 2 Time dependent components of fire hazard . 16
29、Figure 3 Total FED and contributors, as a function of time 18 Figure B.1 Flame spread rate for materials A and B 29 Figure B.2 Relative toxic hazard of two materials time to lethality, i.e. FED 1 . 31 Table 1 Some toxic potency values . 20 Table 2 Combustion products . 24 Table B.1 Example FED calcu
30、lation data for material A . 30 Table B.2 Example FED calculation data for material B 30 Table C.1 F values for irritants . 32 BS EN 60695-7-3:2011 6 60695-7-3 IEC:2011 INTRODUCTION Electrotechnical products sometimes become involved in fires. However, except for certain specific cases (e.g. power g
31、enerating stations, mass transit tunnels, computer suites), electrotechnical products are not normally present in sufficient quantities to form the major source of toxic hazard. For example, in domestic dwellings and places of public assembly, electrotechnical products are usually a very minor sourc
32、e of fire effluent compared with, for example, furnishings. It should be noted that the IEC 60695-7 series of publications is subject to the ongoing evolution of fire safety philosophy within ISO/TC 92. The guidance in this international standard is consistent with the principles of fire safety deve
33、loped by ISO TC 92 SC 3 on toxic hazards in fire, as described in ISO 13344, ISO 13571. ISO 16312-1, ISO 16312-2, ISO 19701, ISO 19702 and ISO 19706. General guidance for the fire hazard assessment of electrotechnical products is given in IEC 60695-1-10 and IEC 60695-1-11. In 1989, the following vie
34、ws were expressed in ISO/TR 9122-1. “Small-scale toxic potency tests as we know them today are inappropriate for regulatory purposes. They cannot provide rank orderings of materials with respect to their propensity to produce toxic atmospheres in fires. All currently available tests are limited beca
35、use of their inability to replicate the dynamics of fire growth which determine the time/concentration profiles of the effluent in full-scale fires, and the response of electrotechnical products, not just materials. This is a crucial limitation because the toxic effects of combustion effluent are no
36、w known to depend much more on the rates and conditions of combustion than on the chemical constitution of the burning materials.“ Because of these limitations IEC TC 89 has developed IEC 60695-7-50 and ISO subsequently developed ISO/TS 19700 11. Both these standards use the same apparatus. It is a
37、practical small-scale apparatus which is used to measure toxic potency and which, by virtue of its ability to model defined stages of a fire, yields toxic potency data suitable for use, with appropriate additional data, in a full hazard assessment. Both methods use variations in air flow and tempera
38、ture to give different physical fire models, but the ISO test method additionally uses the equivalence ratio as a key parameter. The evidence from fires and fire casualties, when taken with data from experimental fire and combustion toxicity studies, suggests that chemical species with unusually hig
39、h toxicity are not important (see Clause 7). Carbon monoxide is by far the most significant agent contributing to toxic hazard. Other agents of major significance are hydrogen cyanide, carbon dioxide and irritants. There are also other important, non-toxic, threats to life such as the effects of hea
40、t, radiant energy, depletion of oxygen and smoke obscuration, all of which are discussed in ISO 13571. General guidance on smoke obscuration is provided in IEC 60695-6-1. IEC TC89 recognizes that effective mitigation of toxic hazard from electrotechnical products is best accomplished by tests and re
41、gulations leading to improved resistance to ignition and to reduced rates of fire growth, thus limiting the level of exposure to fire effluent and facilitating escape. _ 1Figures in square brackets refer to the bibliography. BS EN 60695-7-3:201160695-7-3 IEC:2011 7 FIRE HAZARD TESTING Part 7-3: Toxi
42、city of fire effluent Use and interpretation of test results 1 Scope This part of IEC 60695 concerns laboratory tests used to measure the toxic components of the fire effluent from either electrotechnical products or materials used in electrotechnical products. It provides guidance on the use and in
43、terpretation of results from such tests. It discusses currently available approaches to toxic hazard assessment consistent with the approach of ISO TC 92 SC 3, as set out in ISO 13344, ISO 13571, ISO 16312-1, ISO 16312-2, ISO 19701, ISO 19702 and ISO 19706. It also provides guidance on the use of to
44、xic potency data in fire hazard assessment and on principles which underlie the use of combustibility and toxicological information in fire hazard assessment. The methods described are applicable to data concerning both the incapacitating effects and the lethal effects of fire effluents. This basic
45、safety publication is intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of standards in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of basic safety publications in
46、the preparation of its publications. The requirements, test methods or test conditions of this basic safety publication will not apply unless specifically referred to or included in the relevant publications. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the applica
47、tion of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60695-1-10, Fire hazard testing Part 1-10: Guidance for assessing fire hazard of electrotechnical products Genera
48、l guidelines IEC 60695-1-11, Fire hazard testing Part 1-11: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of electrotechnical products Fire hazard assessment IEC 60695-7-1, Fire hazard testing Part 7-1: Toxicity of fire effluent General guidance IEC 60695-7-2, Fire hazard testing Part 7-2: Toxicity of fire
49、 effluent Summary and relevance of test methods IEC Guide 104, The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety publications and group safety publications ISO/IEC Guide 51, Safety aspects Guidelines for their inclusion in standards ISO/IEC 13943:2008, Fire safety Vocabulary ISO 13344:2004, Estimation of the lethal toxic potency of fire effluents BS EN 60695-7-3:2011 8 60695-7-3 IEC:2011 ISO 13571:2007, Life-threatening components of fire Guideli
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