EN 60695-9-1-2013 en Fire hazard testing - Part 9-1 Surface spread of flame - General guidance.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationFire hazard testingPart 91: Surface spread of flame General guidanceBS EN 60695-9-1:2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 60695-9-1:2013. It is identical to IEC 60695-9-1:2013. It supersedes BS EN 60695-9-1:2005 which is withdrawn.The UK p

2、articipation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee GEL/89, Fire hazard testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsib

3、le for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 84012 8ICS 13.220.40; 29.020Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStand

4、ards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2013.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60695-9-1:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60695-9-1 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM August 2013 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit

5、 Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2013 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 60695-9-1:2013 E ICS 13.220.40

6、; 29.020 Supersedes EN 60695-9-1:2005 English version Fire hazard testing - Part 9-1: Surface spread of flame - General guidance (IEC 60695-9-1:2013) Essais relatifs aux risques du feu - Partie 9-1: Propagation des flammes en surface - Lignes directrices gnrales (CEI 60695-9-1:2013) Prfungen zur Beu

7、rteilung der Brandgefahr - Teil 9-1: Flammenausbreitung auf Oberflchen - Allgemeiner Leitfaden (IEC 60695-9-1:2013) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2013-06-03. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving th

8、is European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three offic

9、ial versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechn

10、ical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, S

11、lovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 60695-9-1:2013EN 60695-9-1:2013 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 89/1159/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 60695-9-1, prepared by IEC/TC 89 “Fire hazard testing“ was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and appr

12、oved by CENELEC as EN 60695-9-1:2013. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2014-03-03 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document

13、 have to be withdrawn (dow) 2016-06-03 This document supersedes EN 60695-9-1:2005. EN 60695-9-1:2013 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 60695-9-1:2005: a) an expanded scope; b) updated references; c) updated terms and definitions. This European Standard is to be

14、used in conjunction with EN 60695-9-2. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Endorsement notice The text of the Internationa

15、l Standard IEC 60695-9-1:2013 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 60332 series NOTE Harmonised in EN 60332 series. IEC 61197 NOTE Harmonised as EN 611

16、97. ISO 2719 NOTE Harmonised as EN ISO 2719. BS EN 60695-9-1:2013- 3 - EN 60695-9-1:2013 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document an

17、d are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod

18、), the relevant EN/HD applies. Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60695-4 - Fire hazard testing - Part 4: Terminology concerning fire tests for electrotechnical products EN 60695-4 - IEC Guide 104 - The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety publications and group safety p

19、ublications - - ISO/IEC Guide 51 - Safety aspects - Guidelines for their inclusion in standards - - ISO 2592 - Determination of flash and fire points - Cleveland open cup method EN ISO 2592 - ISO 13943 2008 Fire safety - Vocabulary EN ISO 13943 2010 BS EN 60695-9-1:2013 2 60695-9-1 IEC:2013 CONTENTS

20、 INTRODUCTION . 5 1 Scope . 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 Principles of flame spread . 11 4.1 Liquids 11 4.2 Solids 11 5 Consideration for the selection of test methods . 12 5.1 Fire scenario . 12 5.2 Ignition sources . 12 5.3 Types of test specimen 12 5.4 Test procedure a

21、nd apparatus . 13 5.5 Measurement techniques . 13 5.5.1 Direct measurement . 13 5.5.2 Indirect measurement 13 6 Use and interpretation of results . 13 Bibliography 15 BS EN 60695-9-1:201360695-9-1 IEC:2013 5 INTRODUCTION Fires are responsible for creating hazards to life and property as a result of

22、the generation of heat (thermal hazard), and also toxic effluent, corrosive effluent and smoke (non-thermal hazard). Fire hazard increases with the burning area leading in some cases to flashover and a fully developed fire. This is a typical fire scenario in buildings. The surface spread of flame be

23、yond the area of ignition occurs as a result of the creation of a pyrolysis front on the surface of the material, ahead of the flame front, arising from the heating by the flame and external heat sources. The pyrolysis front is the boundary between pyrolysed material and unpyrolysed material on the

24、surface of the material. Combustible vapours are generated within the region of pyrolysed material, which mix with air and ignite, creating the flame front. The surface spread of flame rate is the distance travelled by the flame front divided by the time required to travel that distance. The surface

25、 spread of flame rate depends on the heat supplied externally and/or by the flame of the burning material ahead of the burning zone and on the ease of ignition. The ease of ignition is a function of the minimum ignition temperature, thickness, density, specific heat, and thermal conductivity of the

26、material. The heat supplied by the flame depends on the heat release rate, specimen orientation, air flow rate and air flow direction relative to the surface spread of flame direction. In general, materials show one of the following types of surface spread of flame behaviour: a) non-propagation: the

27、re is no flame propagation beyond the area of ignition; b) decelerating propagation: flame propagation stops before reaching the end of the surface of the material; and c) propagation: flame propagates beyond the area of ignition and eventually affects the entire surface of the material. Properties

28、of the materials that are used to describe the surface spread of flame behaviour are associated with surface preheating and pyrolysis, generation of vapours, mixing of the vapours with air, ignition, combustion of the mixture and generation of heat and combustion products. Flame retardants and surfa

29、ce treatments are used to modify the surface spread of flame behaviour. Factors that need to be considered for the assessment of the surface spread of flame behaviour of materials are: 1) the fire scenario (including such parameters as surface orientation, ventilation and the nature of the ignition

30、source); 2) measurement techniques (see 5.5); and 3) the use and interpretation of results obtained (see 6). BS EN 60695-9-1:2013 6 60695-9-1 IEC:2013 FIRE HAZARD TESTING Part 9-1: Surface spread of flame General guidance 1 Scope This part of IEC 60695provides guidance for the assessment of surface

31、spread of flame for electrotechnical products and the materials from which they are formed. It provides: an explanation of the principles of flame spread for both liquids and solids, guidance for the selection of test methods, guidance on the use and interpretation of test results, and informative r

32、eferences This basic safety publication is intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of standards in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of basic sa

33、fety publications in the preparation of its publications. The requirements, test methods or test conditions of this basic safety publication will not apply unless specifically referred to or included in the relevant publications. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, a

34、re normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60695-4, Fire hazard testing Part 4: Terminology c

35、oncerning fire tests for electrotechnical products IEC Guide 104, The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety publications and group safety publications ISO/IEC Guide 51, Safety aspects Guidelines for their inclusion in standards ISO 13943:2008, Fire safety Vocabulary ISO 2592

36、, Determination of flash and fire points Cleveland open cup method 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, terms and definitions given in IEC 60695-4 and in ISO 13943:2008, some of which are reproduced below for the users convenience, apply. 3.1 combustion exothermic reaction of a

37、 substance with an oxidizing agent BS EN 60695-9-1:201360695-9-1 IEC:2013 7 Note 1 to entry: Combustion generally emits fire effluent accompanied by flames (3.11) and/or glowing. SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.46 3.2 damaged area total of those surface areas that have been affected permanently by fire (3

38、.6) under specified conditions Note 1 to entry: Users of this term should specify the types of damage to be considered. This can include, for example, loss of material, deformation, softening, melting behaviour, char formation, combustion (3.1), pyrolysis (3.25) or chemical attack. Note 2 to entry:

39、The typical units are square metres (m2). SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.59 3.3 damaged length maximum extent in a specified direction of the damaged area (3.2) SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.60 3.4 extent of combustion electrotechnical maximum length of a test specimen that has been destroyed by combustion (

40、3.1) or pyrolysis (3.25), under specified test conditions, excluding any region damaged only by deformation SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.91 3.5 fire general process of combustion (3.1) characterized by the emission of heat and fire effluent and usually accompanied by smoke, flame (3.11), glowing or a c

41、ombination thereof Note 1 to entry: In the English language the term “fire” is used to designate three concepts, two of which, fire (3.6) and fire (3.7), relate to specific types of self-supporting combustion with different meanings and two of them are designated using two different terms in both Fr

42、ench and German. SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.96 3.6 fire controlled self-supporting combustion (3.1) that has been deliberately arranged to provide useful effects and is limited in its extent in time and space SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.97 3.7 fire uncontrolled self-supporting combustion (3.1) that has

43、 not been deliberately arranged to provide useful effects and is not limited in its extent in time and space SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.98 BS EN 60695-9-1:2013 8 60695-9-1 IEC:2013 3.8 fire hazard physical object or condition with a potential for an undesirable consequence from fire (3.7) SOURCE: ISO

44、 13943:2008, 4.112 3.9 fire point minimum temperature at which a material ignites and continues to burn for a specified time after a standardized small flame (3.11) has been applied to its surface under specified conditions Note 1 to entry: In some countries, the term “fire point” has an additional

45、meaning: a location where fire-fighting equipment is sited, which may also comprise a fire-alarm call point and fire instruction notices. Note 2 to entry: The typical units are degrees Celsius (C). SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.119 3.10 fire scenario qualitative description of the course of a fire (3.7)

46、 with respect to time, identifying key events that characterise the studied fire and differentiate it from other possible fires Note 1 to entry: It typically defines the ignition (3.21) and fire growth processes, the fully developed fire (3.18) stage, the fire decay stage, and the environment and sy

47、stems that impact on the course of the fire. SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.129 3.11 flame, noun zone in which there is rapid, self-sustaining, sub-sonic propagation of combustion (3.1) in a gaseous medium, usually with emission of light SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.133, modified added “zone in which there

48、is“. 3.12 flame front boundary of flaming combustion (3.1) at the surface of a material or propagating through a gaseous mixture SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.136 3.13 flame retardant, noun substance added, or a treatment applied, to a material in order to suppress or delay the appearance of a flame (3.

49、11) and/or reduce the flame-spread rate (3.15) Note 1 to entry: The use of (a) flame retardant(s) does not necessarily suppress fire (3.5) or terminate combustion (3.1). SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.139 3.14 flame spread propagation of a flame front (3.12) SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.142 BS EN 60695-9-1:201360695-9-1 IEC:2013 9 3.15 flame-spread rate surface spread of flame rate DEPRECATED: burning rate DEPRECATED: rate of burning distance travelled by a flame front (3.12