1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60861:2008Equipment for monitoring of radionuclides in liquid effluents and surface watersICS 13.280g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g
2、44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 60861:2008This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 September 2006 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 62861 0National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 60861:2008. It is derived from IEC 608
3、61:2006. It supersedes BS IEC 60861:2006 which is withdrawn.The CENELEC common modifications have been implemented at the appropriate places in the text. The start and finish of each common modification is indicated in the text by tags .The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Techni
4、cal Committee NCE/2, Radiation protection and measurement.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compl
5、iance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments31 July 2008 This corrigendum renumbers BS IEC 60861:2006 as BS EN 60861:2008, and introduces CENELECs common modificationsEUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60861 NORME EUROPENNE
6、 EUROPISCHE NORM March 2008 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2008 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any for
7、m and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 60861:2008 E ICS 13.280 English version Equipment for monitoring of radionuclides in liquid effluents and surface waters (IEC 60861:2006, modified) Equipements pour la surveillance des radionuclides dans les effluents liquides et
8、 les eaux de surface (CEI 60861:2006, modifie) Einrichtungen zur berwachung von Radionukliden in flssigen Ableitungen und Oberflchengewssern (IEC 60861:2006, modifiziert) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2008-02-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal R
9、egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
10、 This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC me
11、mbers are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slov
12、enia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Foreword The text of the International Standard IEC 60861:2006, prepared by SC 45B, Radiation protection instrumentation, of IEC TC 45, Nuclear instrumentation, together with the common modifications prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC
13、 TC 45B, Radiation protection instrumentation, was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 60861 on 2008-02-01. The following dates were fixed : latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorseme
14、nt (dop) 2009-02-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2011-02-01 Clauses, subclauses, notes, tables and figures which are additional to those in IEC 60861 are prefixed “Z”. Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text
15、of International Standard IEC 60861:2006 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard with agreed common modifications. _ BS EN 60861:2008 2 CONTENTS 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references .6 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Classification of equipment .12 5 Equipment design.12 5.1 Measurement and indicatio
16、n characteristics .12 5.2 Reliability 13 5.3 Sampling assembly13 5.4 Detection assembly .14 5.5 Control assembly.15 5.6 Measurement assembly .15 5.7 Alarm assembly.15 5.8 Indication facilities.16 5.9 Facilities for operational testing .16 5.10 Installation and maintenance facilities 16 5.11 Ambient
17、ionizing radiation protection devices .17 5.12 User safety17 5.13 Electromagnetic compatibility.17 5.14 Power supply.18 6 Test procedures .18 6.1 General .18 6.2 Tests performed under standard test conditions .18 6.3 Tests performed with variation of influence quantities.19 6.4 Metrological characte
18、ristics19 6.5 Test sources19 7 Radiation performance tests .20 7.1 Reference response 20 7.2 Sensitivity and relative response of the equipment for a solid source 21 7.3 Linearity 21 7.4 Repeatability of the equipment.22 7.5 Reproducibility of results of measurements 23 7.6 Response time 23 7.7 Unif
19、ormity of the protective screens for the beta detector .24 7.8 Overload test.25 7.9 Response to other artificial radionuclides .25 7.10 Response to 222Rn progeny dissolved in water.25 7.11 Response to ambient gamma radiation.26 7.12 Influence of materials in suspension in liquid on activity measurem
20、ent27 8 Liquid circuit performance tests 28 8.1 General .28 8.2 Flow-rate stability 28 8.3 Cleaning efficiency .28 BS EN 60861:2008 3 9 Electrical performance tests29 9.1 Warm-up time Detection and measurement assemblies .29 9.2 Power-supply variations.29 9.3 Power-supply transient effects .30 9.4 A
21、larm-trip stability30 9.5 Alarm-trip range.30 9.6 Fault alarm31 10 Environmental performance test31 10.1 Ambient temperature .31 10.2 Relative humidity .32 10.3 External electromagnetic immunity and electrostatic discharge .32 10.4 Electromagnetic emission 32 11 Type test report32 12 Certificate 33
22、13 Operation and maintenance manual 33 Annex A (informative) Guidance for use with radioactive water monitors .38 Annex B (informative) Realization of an artificial effluent for testing 40 Table 1 Reference and standard test conditions .34 Table 2 Tests performed under standard test conditions .35 T
23、able 3 Tests performed with variation of influence quantities.36 Table 4 Tests of liquid circuit37 BS EN 60861:2008 4 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their41corresponding European publicationsEQUIPMENT FOR MONITORING OF RADIONUCLIDES IN LIQUID EFFLUENTS A
24、ND SURFACE WATERS 1 Scope This International Standard defines technical requirements for equipment for monitoring of alpha-, beta- or gamma-emitting radionuclides in liquid effluents and surface waters, provides some general guidance as to the possible detection capability of such equipment and indi
25、cates when and where its uses may be practicable. NOTE Alpha monitoring in liquids is a possibility that has been demonstrated using a concentration device and collection of the concentrate in a filter, so this standard may also be applicable to alpha monitoring in liquids. This standard is applicab
26、le to equipment for continuous monitoring of the activity: in liquid effluents which could be released in the environment during normal operations; in environmental waters. This standard does not apply to equipment specifically for use in accident conditions that may require additional capabilities.
27、 The object of this standard is to lay down general requirements and give examples of acceptable methods for equipment to monitor continuously the activity of water. This International Standard specifies, for the equipment described in the scope, the general characteristics, general test procedures,
28、 radiation, electrical, safety and environmental characteristics, and the identification and certification of the equipment. Performance requirements for the safe operation of electrical equipment are provided in IEC 61010-1. These safety requirements and corresponding tests are applicable if the ma
29、nufacturer wants to, or is required to, label its equipment with the appropriate safety mark (for example, CE, UL, etc.). This standard is applicable to water monitors intended to fulfil the following functions: measurement of the volumetric activity or count rate (see 5.1.2) due to radionuclides in
30、 the liquid and its variation with time; actuation of an alarm when a limit value of volumetric activity or count rate in water is exceeded. Annex A gives some guidance for use with radioactive water monitors. This standard is restricted to equipment for continuous monitoring (including discrete seq
31、uential measurement) of gross alpha or gross beta of maximum energy higher than 150 keV or gamma activity in liquid effluent streams and environmental waters. It does not deal with sample extraction followed by laboratory analysis. BS EN 60861:2008 5 2 Normative references The following referenced d
32、ocuments are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60038:1983, IEC standard voltages Amendment 1 (1994) Amendment 2 (1997)
33、1IEC 60050-393:2003, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Part 393: Nuclear instrumentation Physical phenomena and basic concepts IEC 60050-394:1995, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Chapter 394: Nuclear instrumentation Instruments Amendment 1 (1996) Amendment 2 (2000) IEC
34、60068-2-38:1974, Basic environmental testing procedures Part 2-38: Tests Test Z/AD: Composite temperature/humidity cyclic test IEC 61000-4-2:2001 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-2: Testing and measure-ment techniques Electrostatic discharge immunity test Amendment 1 (1998) Amendment 2 (20
35、00)2IEC 61000-4-3:2006, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-3: Testing and measure-ment techniques Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test IEC 61000-4-4:2004, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-4: Testing and measurement techniques Electrical fast transient/burs
36、t immunity test IEC 61000-4-5:2005, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-5: Testing and measure-ment techniques Surge immunity test IEC 61000-4-6:2004, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-6: Testing and measure-ment techniques Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequen
37、cy fields Amendment 1 (2004)3IEC 61000-4-11:2004, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-11: Testing and measure-ment techniques Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests IEC 61000-4-12:1995, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-12: Testing and measure-ment te
38、chniques Oscillatory waves immunity test Amendment 1 (2000)4IEC 61000-6-4:1997, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 6: Generic standards Section 4: Emission standard for industrial environments 1There exists a consolidated edition 6.2 (2002) including edition 6.0 and its amendments 1 and 2. 2Th
39、ere exists a consolidated edition 1.2 (2001) including edition 1.0 and its amendments 1 and 2. 3There exists a consolidated edition 2.1 (2004) including edition 2.0 and its amendment 1. 4There exists a consolidated edition 1.1 (2001) including edition 1.0 and its amendment 1. ISO 11929 (Series) Dete
40、rmination of the detection limit and decision threshold for ionizing radiation measurements BS EN 60861:2008 6 IEC 61010-1:2001, Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use Part 1: General requirements. IEC 61187:1993, Electrical and electronic measuring
41、 equipment Documentation ISO Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM), 1995. ISO 10012:2003, Measurement management systems Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions concernin
42、g detection and measurement of ionizing radiation and nuclear instrumentation given in IEC 60050-393 and IEC 60050-394, as well as the following, apply. 3.1 water monitor 3.2 activity monitoring different ways of monitoring: Monitors with sampling, simultaneous measurement, discrete sequential measu
43、rement, Monitors without sampling direct measurement 3.4 simultaneous measurement measurement of a sample taken at the same time as the sample is collected NOTE Measurements carried out with the detector in contact with the liquid (beta detector) or inside it (gamma detector) are considered as a sim
44、ultaneous measurement. 3.5 discrete sequential measurement measurement of a sample that is undertaken separately from collection of the sample with a short collection time separated by a short delay from the time of measurement 3.6 direct measurement measurement, without sampling, with the detector
45、immersed in liquid flow or adjacent to the duct where the liquid is flowing 3.7 sampling assembly assembly for collecting a representative sample equipment intended for monitoring of radionuclides in liquid effluents and surface waters definition deleted NOTE Z Immediately after collection of the sa
46、mple the activity of the sample will be measured, during the time the next sample is collected. The time between taking each sample should be as short as possible. BS EN 60861:2008 7 3.3 3.8 detection assembly assembly used for measuring the activity. The detection assembly includes one or more radi
47、ation detectors 3.9 measurement assembly assemblies and function units designed to measure quantities connected with ionizing radiation (activity, volumetric activity, etc.) 3.10 alarm assembly assembly that will initiate an audible or visible alarm in the event of an alarm threshold being breached
48、or in case of fault of the equipment 3.12 coefficient of variation ratio V of the standard deviation s to the arithmetic mean x of a set of n measurements xigiven by the following formula: ()Vsxxnxxiin=111213.13 relative intrinsic error relative error of indication of a piece of equipment or an asse
49、mbly with respect to a quantity when subjected to a specified reference quantity under specified reference conditions expressed as cci =e where is the indicated value of a quantity; cis the conventionally true value of the quantity at the point of measurement 3.14 uncertainty of measurement parameter associated with the result of a measurement that characterizes the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand NO
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