1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationShort-circuit currents Calculation of effectsPart 1: Definitions and calculation methodsBS EN 60865-1:2012National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 60
2、865-1:2012. It isidentical to IEC 60865-1:2011. It supersedes BS EN 60865-1:1994 which iswithdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteePEL/73, Short circuit currents.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secreta
3、ry.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 64565 5ICS 17.220.01; 29.240.20Compliance with a British Standard
4、cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the StandardsPolicy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2012.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60865-1:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60865-1 NORME EUROP
5、ENNE EUROPISCHE NORM March 2012 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2012 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any for
6、m and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 60865-1:2012 E ICS 17.220.01; 29.240.20 Supersedes EN 60865-1:1993English version Short-circuit currents - Calculation of effects - Part 1: Definitions and calculation methods (IEC 60865-1:2011) Courants de court-circuit - Calcul
7、 des effets - Partie 1: Dfinitions et mthodes de calcul(CEI 60865-1:2011) Kurzschlussstrme - Berechnung der Wirkung - Teil 1: Begriffe und Berechnungsverfahren(IEC 60865-1:2011) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2011-11-28. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Int
8、ernal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to an
9、y CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the of
10、ficial versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Polan
11、d, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 60865-1:2012EN 60865-1:2012 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 73/152/CDV, future edition 3 of IEC 60865-1, prepared by IEC/TC 73 “Short-circuit currents“ was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC para
12、llel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 60865-1:2012. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2012-09-23 latest date by which the national standards conflicting w
13、ith the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2014-11-28 This document supersedes EN 60865-1:1993. EN 60865-1:2012 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 60865-1:1993: The determinations for automatic reclosure together with rigid conductors have been revised. The infl
14、uence of mid-span droppers to the span has been included. For vertical cable-connection the displacement and the tensile force onto the lower fixing point may now be calculated. Additional recommendations for foundation loads due to tensile forces have been added. The subclause for determination of
15、the thermal equivalent short-circuits current has been deleted (it is now part of EN 60909-0). The regulations for thermal effects of electrical equipment have been deleted. The standard has been reorganized and some of the symbols have been changed to follow the conceptual characteristic of interna
16、tional standards. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60865-
17、1:2011 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated: IEC 61936-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61936-1. BS EN 60865-1:2012- 3 - EN 60865-1:2012 Annex ZA (normative) Normative
18、references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, t
19、he latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60909 Series Short-circuit currents calculation in
20、three-phase a.c. systems EN 60909 Series IEC 60909-0 - Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c. systems - Part 0: Calculation of currents EN 60909-0 - IEC 60949 - Calculation of thermally permissible short-circuit currents, taking into account non-adiabatic heating effects - - IEC 60986 - Short-ci
21、rcuit temperature limits of electric cables with rated voltages from 6 kV (Um= 7,2 kV) up to 30 kV (Um= 36 kV) - - IEC 61660-2 - Short-circuit currents in d.c. auxiliary installations in power plants and substations - Part 2: Calculation of effects EN 61660-2 - BS EN 60865-1:2012 2 60865-1 IEC:2011
22、CONTENTS 1 Scope . 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units . 7 3.1 Terms and definitions 7 3.2 Symbols and units . 9 4 General 12 5 Rigid conductor arrangements 13 5.1 General . 13 5.2 Calculation of electromagnetic forces 13 5.2.1 Calculation of peak force between the m
23、ain conductors during a three-phase short-circuit 13 5.2.2 Calculation of peak force between the main conductors during a line-to-line short-circuit . 13 5.2.3 Calculation of peak value of force between coplanar sub-conductors . 14 5.3 Effective distance between main conductors and between sub-condu
24、ctors 14 5.4 Calculation of stresses in rigid conductors . 16 5.4.1 Calculation of stresses 16 5.4.2 Section modulus and factor q of main conductor composed of sub-conductors . 17 5.4.3 Permitted conductor stress 20 5.5 Structure loads due to rigid conductors . 21 5.6 Consideration of automatic recl
25、osing . 21 5.7 Calculation with special regard to conductor oscillation . 22 5.7.1 General . 22 5.7.2 Determination of relevant natural frequency . 23 5.7.3 The factors VF, Vm, Vs, Vrmand Vrs. 23 6 Flexible conductor arrangements 26 6.1 General . 26 6.2 Effects on horizontal main conductors . 27 6.2
26、.1 General . 27 6.2.2 Characteristic dimensions and parameter 27 6.2.3 Tensile force Ft,dduring short-circuit caused by swing out (short-circuit tensile force) without dropper in midspan 30 6.2.4 Dynamic change of sag due to elongation of conductor and change of shape of the conductor curve . 31 6.2
27、.5 Tensile force Ft,dduring short-circuit caused by swing out (short-circuit tensile force) with dropper in the middle of the span 32 6.2.6 Tensile force Ff,dafter short-circuit caused by drop (drop force) 33 6.2.7 Horizontal span displacement bhand minimum air clearance amin. 33 6.3 Effects on vert
28、ical main conductors (droppers) 34 6.4 Effects on bundled conductors 35 6.4.1 Characteristic dimensions and parameter 35 6.4.2 Tensile force Fpi,din the case of clashing sub-conductors . 38 6.4.3 Tensile force Fpi,d in the case of non-clashing sub-conductors 38 6.5 Structure loads due to flexible co
29、nductors . 41 6.5.1 Design load for post insulators, their supports and connectors 41 BS EN 60865-1:201260865-1 IEC:2011 3 6.5.2 Design load for structures, insulators and connectors with tensile forces transmitted by insulator chains 41 6.5.3 Design load for foundations . 42 7 The thermal effect on
30、 bare conductors 42 7.1 General . 42 7.2 Calculation of thermal equivalent short-circuit current . 42 7.3 Calculation of temperature rise and rated short-time withstand current density for conductors . 43 7.4 Calculation of thermal short-time strength for different durations of the short-circuit 44
31、Annex A (normative) Equations for calculation of diagrams 46 Bibliography 51 Figure 1 Factor k1s for calculating the effective conductor distance 15 Figure 2 Loading direction and bending axis for multiple conductor arrangements 18 Figure 3 Factor e for the influence of connecting pieces in Equation
32、 (17) . 24 Figure 4 Factors VF, Vm and Vsto be used with the three-phase and line-to-line short-circuits . 25 Figure 5 Factors Vrm and Vrsto be used with three-phase automatic reclosing . 26 Figure 6 Maximum swing out angle max for a given maximum short-circuit duration Tk130 Figure 7 Factor for ten
33、sile force in flexible conductors 31 Figure 8 Geometry of a dropper . 33 Figure 9 2as a function of 137 Figure 10 3sin n180as a function of as/d . 37 Figure 11 as a function of j and st38 Figure 12 as a function of j and st41 Figure 13 Relation between rated short-circuit withstand current density (
34、Tkr = 1 s) and conductor temperature . 44 Table 1 Effective distance asbetween sub-conductors for rectangular cross-section dimensions . 16 Table 2 Maximum possible values of VmVrm, VsVrs, VFVrm19 Table 3 Factors , , for different busbar support arrangements 20 Table 4 Factor q . 22 Table 5 Section
35、moduli Wmof main conductors with two or more stiffening elements between two adjacent supports. The stiffening elements are black. 22 Table 6 Recommended highest temperatures for mechanically stressed conductors during a short-circuit . 43 BS EN 60865-1:2012 6 60865-1 IEC:2011 SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENTS
36、 CALCULATION OF EFFECTS Part 1: Definitions and calculation methods 1 Scope This part of IEC 60865 is applicable to the mechanical and thermal effects of short-circuit currents. It contains procedures for the calculation of the electromagnetic effect on rigid conductors and flexible conductors, the
37、thermal effect on bare conductors. For cables and insulated conductors, reference is made, for example, to IEC 60949 and IEC 60986. For the electromagnetic and thermal effects in d.c. auxiliary installations of power plants and substations reference is made to IEC 61660-2. Only a.c. systems are deal
38、t with in this standard. The following points should, in particular, be noted: a) The calculation of short-circuit currents should be based on IEC 60909. For the determination of the greatest possible short-circuit current, additional information from other IEC standards may be referred to, e.g. det
39、ails about the underlying circuitry of the calculation or details about current-limiting devices, if this leads to a reduction of the mechanical stress. b) Short-circuit duration used in this standard depends on the protection concept and should be considered in that sense. c) These standardized pro
40、cedures are adjusted to practical requirements and contain simplifications which are conservative. Testing or more detailed methods of calculation or both may be used. d) In Clause 5 of this standard, for arrangements with rigid conductors, only the stresses caused by short-circuit currents are calc
41、ulated. Furthermore, other stresses can exist, e.g. caused by dead-load, wind, ice, operating forces or earthquakes. The combination of these loads with the short-circuit loading should be part of an agreement and/or be given by standards, e.g. erection-codes. The tensile forces in arrangements with
42、 flexible conductors include the effects of dead-load. With respect to the combination of other loads the considerations given above are valid. e) The calculated loads are design loads and should be used as exceptional loads without any additional partial safety factor according to installation code
43、s of, for example, IEC 61936-1 11. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
44、applies. IEC 60909 (all parts) Short-circuit current calculation in three-phase a.c. systems 1Figures in square brackets refer to the bibliography. BS EN 60865-1:201260865-1 IEC:2011 7 IEC 60909-0, Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c. systems Part 0: Calculation of currents IEC 60949, Calculat
45、ion of thermally permissible short-circuit currents, taking into account non-adiabatic heating effects IEC 60986, Short-circuit temperature limits of electric cables with rated voltages from 6 kV (Um= 7,2 kV) up to 30 kV (Um= 36 kV) IEC 61660-2, Short-circuit currents in d.c. auxiliary installations
46、 in power plants and substations Part 2: Calculation of effects 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 main conductor conductor or arrangement composed of a number of conductors which carrie
47、s the total current in one phase 3.1.2 sub-conductor single conductor which carries a certain part of the total current in one phase and is a part of the main conductor 3.1.3 fixed support support of a rigid conductor in which moments are imposed in the regarded plane 3.1.4 simple support support of
48、 a rigid conductor in which no moments are imposed in the regarded plane 3.1.5 connecting piece any additional mass within a span which does not belong to the uniform conductor material, includingamong others, spacers, stiffening elements, bar overlappings, branchings, etc. 3.1.6 spacer mechanical e
49、lement between sub-conductors, rigid or flexible, which, at the point of installation, maintains the clearance between sub-conductors 3.1.7 stiffening element special spacer intended to reduce the mechanical stress of rigid conductors 3.1.8 relevant natural frequency fcmfirst natural frequency of the free vibration of a single span beam without damping and natural frequency of order of beams with spans without damping BS EN 60865-
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