EN 61400-1-2005 en Wind turbines Part 1 Design requirements (Incorporates Amendment A1 2010)《风力涡轮机 第1部分 设计要求 IEC 61400-1 2005》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN61400-1:2005Wind turbinesPart 1: Design requirementsICS 27.180g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58+A1:2010Incorpora

2、ting corrigendumMarch 2016National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 61400-1:2005+A1:2010. It is identical to IEC 61400-1:2005 incorporating amendment A1:2010 and corrigendum March 2016.The start and finish of text introduced by amendment is indicated in the text by tags.

3、For example, text altered by IEC amendment 1 is indicated in the text by !“.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/88, Wind turbines.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not p

4、urport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN 61400-1:2005+A1:2010This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy a

5、nd Strategy Committee on 24 January 2006Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 30 April 2011 Implementation of IEC amendment 1:2010 and its CENELEC endorsement A1:2010ISBN 978 0 580 93884 9 The British StandardsInstitution 2016. Published byBSI Standards Limited 2016It supersede

6、s BS EN 61400-1:2005 which is withdrawn. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is.indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by IEC corrigendum March2016 is indicated in the text by 31 May 2016 Implementation of IEC corrigendum March 2016EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61400-1NORME

7、 EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM November 2010 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: 2005 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserv

8、ed worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 61400-1:2005 E ICS 27.180 Supersedes EN 61400-1:2004English version Wind turbines Part 1: Design requirements (IEC 61400-1:2005) Eoliennes Partie 1: Exigences de conception (CEI 61400-1:2005) Windenergieanlagen Teil 1: Auslegungsanforderungen (IEC 61400-

9、1:2005) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2005-10-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliogr

10、aphical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility o

11、f a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Icelan

12、d, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. :2005+A1 Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels Foreword The text of document 88/228/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 61400-1, prepared by IEC TC

13、 88, Wind turbines, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61400-1 on 2005-10-01. This European Standard supersedes EN 61400-1:2004. The main changes with respect to EN 61400-1:2004 are listed below: the title has been changed to “Design requirements” in ord

14、er to reflect that the standard presents safety requirements rather than requirements for safety or protection of personnel; wind turbine class designations have been adjusted and now refer to reference wind speed and expected value of turbulence intensities only; turbulence models have been expande

15、d and include an extreme turbulence model; gust models have been adjusted and simplified; design load cases have been rearranged and amended; the inclusion of turbulence simulations in the load calculations is emphasized and a scheme for extreme load extrapolation has been specified; the partial saf

16、ety factors for loads have been adjusted and simplified; the partial safety factors for materials have been amended and specified in terms of material types and component classes; the requirements for the control and protection system have been amended and clarified in terms of functional characteri

17、stics; a new clause on assessment of structural and electrical compatibility has been introduced with detailed requirements for assessment, including information on complex terrain, earthquakes and wind farm wake effects. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemen

18、ted at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2006-07-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2006-11-01 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ BS EN 61400-1:2005+A1:2010EN 61400-1:2005+A1:2010

19、(E) 2 Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61400-1:2005 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 60034 NOTE Harmonized in EN 60034

20、 series (not modified). IEC 60038 NOTE Harmonized as HD 472 S1:1989 (modified). IEC 60146 NOTE Harmonized in EN 60146 series (not modified). IEC 60173 NOTE Harmonized as HD 27 S1:1978 (not modified). IEC 60227 NOTE The HD 21 series is related to, but not directly equivalent with the IEC 60227 series

21、. IEC 60245 NOTE The HD 22 series is related to, but not directly equivalent with the IEC 60245 series. IEC 60269 NOTE Harmonized in EN/HD 60269 series (modified). IEC 60439 NOTE Harmonized in EN 60439 series (not modified). IEC 60446 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60446:1999 (not modified). IEC 60529 NOTE H

22、armonized as EN 60529:1991 (not modified). IEC 60898 NOTE Harmonized in EN 60898 series (modified). IEC 61310-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61310-1:1995 (not modified). IEC 61310-2NOTEHarmonized as EN 61310-2:1995 (not modified)._ Foreword to amendment 1 The text of document 88/374/FDIS, future amendment

23、1 to IEC 61400-1:2005, prepared by IEC TC 88, Wind turbines, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as amendment A1 to EN 61400-1:2005 on 2010-11-01. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent righ

24、ts. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the amendment has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2011-08-01 latest date

25、by which the national standards conflicting with the amendment have to be withdrawn (dow) 2013-11-01 _ Endorsement notice The text of amendment 1:2010 to the International Standard IEC 61400-1:2005 was approved by CENELEC as an amendment to the European Standard without any modification. In the offi

26、cial version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 60034 series NOTE Harmonized in EN 60034 series (partially modified). IEC 60146 series NOTE Harmonized in EN 60146 series (not modified). IEC 60269 series NOTE Harmonized in EN 60269 series (partial

27、ly modified). IEC 60439 series NOTE Harmonized in EN 60439 series (partially modified). IEC 60446:2007 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60446:2007 (not modified). IEC 60529:1989 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60529:1991 (not modified). IEC 60617 NOTE Harmonized in EN 60617 series (not modified). IEC 60898 NOTE Harmoniz

28、ed as EN 60898. IEC 61310-1:2007 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61310-1:2008 (not modified). IEC 61310-2:2008 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61310-2:2008 (not modified). ISO 9001 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9001. _ BS EN 61400-1:2005+A1:2010EN 61400-1:2005+A1:2010 (E) 3 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 7 1 Scope 8 2 Normative ref

29、erences .8 3 Terms and definitions .9 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms17 4.1 Symbols and units .17 4.2 Abbreviations 19 5 Principal elements19 5.1 General.19 5.2 Design methods 20 5.3 Safety classes.20 5.4 Quality assurance20 5.5 Wind turbine markings.20 6 External conditions.21 6.1 General.21 6.2 Wi

30、nd turbine classes .21 6.3 Wind conditions.22 6.4 Other environmental conditions .31 6.5 Electrical power network conditions .32 7 Structural design 33 7.1 General.33 7.2 Design methodology33 7.3 Loads33 7.4 Design situations and load cases.34 7.5 Load calculations 39 7.6 Ultimate limit state analys

31、is .39 8 Control and protection system 48.1 General.48.2 Control functions .48.3 Protection functions.48.4 Braking system47 9 Mechanical systems .47 9.1 General.47 9.2 Errors of fitting 48 9.3 Hydraulic or pneumatic systems 48 9.4 Main gearbox 48 9.5 Yaw system.49.6 Pitch system49 9.7 Protection fun

32、ction mechanical brakes.49 9.8 Rolling bearings 49 BS EN 61400-1:2005+A1:2010EN 61400-1:2005+A1:2010 (E) 4 6 6 6 6 8 10 Electrical system 50 10.1 General 50 10.2 General requirements for the electrical system50 10.3 Protective devices 50 10.4 Disconnect devices.50 10.5 Earth system 50 10.6 Lightning

33、 protection 51 10.7 Electrical cables .51 10.8 Self-excitation.51 10.9 Protection against lightning electromagnetic impulse.51 10.10 Power quality51 10.11 Electromagnetic compatibility51 11 Assessment of a wind turbine for site-specific conditions 52 11.1 General 52 11.2 Assessment of the topographi

34、cal complexity of the site .52 11.3 Wind conditions required for assessment 52 11.4 Assessment of wake effects from neighbouring wind turbines53 11.5 Assessment of other environmental conditions 54 11.6 Assessment of earthquake conditions .54 11.7 Assessment of electrical network conditions55 11.8 A

35、ssessment of soil conditions .55 11.9 Assessment of structural integrity by reference to wind data511.10 Assessment of structural integrity by load calculations with reference to site specific conditions57 12 Assembly, installation and erection.57 12.1 General 57 12.2 Planning .58 12.3 Installation

36、conditions .58 12.4 Site access.58 12.5 Environmental conditions 58 12.6 Documentation .59 12.7 Receiving, handling and storage .59 12.8 Foundation/anchor systems 59 12.9 Assembly of wind turbine 59 12.10 Erection of wind turbine 59 12.11 Fasteners and attachments.59 12.12 Cranes, hoists and lifting

37、 equipment60 13 Commissioning, operation and maintenance .60 13.1 General 60 13.2 Design requirements for safe operation, inspection and maintenance 60 13.3 Instructions concerning commissioning .61 13.4 Operators instruction manual .62 13.5 Maintenance manual.63 BS EN 61400-1:2005+A1:2010EN 61400-1

38、:2005+A1:2010 (E) 5 5 Annex A (normative) Design parameters for describing wind turbine class S.65 Annex B (informative) Turbulence models 66 Annex C (informative) Assessment of earthquake loading 72 Annex D (informative) Wake and wind farm turbulence.73 Annex E (informative) Prediction of wind dist

39、ribution for wind turbine sites by measure-correlate-predict (MCP) methods 76 Annex F (informative) Statistical extrapolation of loads for ultimate strength analysis78 Annex G (informative) Fatigue analysis using Miners rule with load extrapolation 8Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to inter

40、national publications with their corresponding European publications .Bibliography .Figure 1a Turbulence standard deviation for the Normal Turbulence Model (NTM).25 Figure 1b Turbulence intensity for the Normal Turbulence Model (NTM) .25 Figure 2 Example of extreme operating gust.27 Figure 3 Example

41、 of extreme direction change magnitude 28 Figure 4 Example of extreme direction change .28 Figure 5 Example of extreme coherent gust amplitude for ECD.29 Figure 6 Direction change for ECD30 Figure 7 Example of direction change transient 30 Figure 8 Examples of extreme positive and negative vertical

42、wind shear, wind profile before onset (t = 0, dashed line) and at maximum shear (t = 6 s, full line)31 Figure 9 Example of wind speeds at rotor top and bottom, respectively, illustrate the transient positive wind shear.31 Figure D.1 Configuration Inside a wind farm with more than 2 rows. 75 Table 1

43、Basic parameters for wind turbine classes .22 Table 2 Design load cases.35 Table 3 Partial safety factors for loads f42 Table 4 Terrain complexity indicators .52 Table B.1 Turbulence spectral parameters for the Kaimal model.70 BS EN 61400-1:2005+A1:2010EN 61400-1:2005+A1:2010 (E) 6 7 94 93 Annex H (

44、informative) Contemporaneous loads . 91INTRODUCTION This part of IEC 61400 outlines minimum design requirements for wind turbines and is not intended for use as a complete design specification or instruction manual. Any of the requirements of this standard may be altered if it can be suitably demons

45、trated that the safety of the system is not compromised. This provision, however, does not apply to the classification and the associated definitions of external conditions in Clause 6.Compliance with this standard does not relieve any person, organization, or corporation from the responsibility of

46、observing other applicable regulations. The standard is not intended to give requirements for wind turbines installed offshore, in particular for the support structure. A future document dealing with offshore installations is under consideration. BS EN 61400-1:2005+A1:2010EN 61400-1:2005+A1:2010 (E)

47、 7 WIND TURBINES Part 1: Design requirements 1 Scope This part of IEC 61400 specifies essential design requirements to ensure the engineering integrity of wind turbines. Its purpose is to provide an appropriate level of protection against damage from all hazards during the planned lifetime. This sta

48、ndard is concerned with all subsystems of wind turbines such as control and protection mechanisms, internal electrical systems, mechanical systems and support structures. This standard applies to wind turbines of all sizes. For small wind turbines IEC 61400-2 may be applied. This standard should be

49、used together with the appropriate IEC and ISO standards mentioned in Clause 2. 2 Normative references IEC 60204-1, Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines Part 1: General requirements IEC 60204-11, Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines Part 11: Requirements for HV equipment for voltages above 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. and not exceeding 36 kV IEC 60364 (all parts), Low-voltage electrical installations IEC 60364-5-54, Ele