EN 61400-11-2013 en Wind turbines - Part 11 Acoustic noise measurement techniques.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationWind turbinesPart 11: Acoustic noise measurement techniquesBS EN 61400-11:2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 61400-11:2013. It is identical

2、 to IEC 61400-11:2012. It supersedes BS EN 61400-11:2003,which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/88, Wind turbines.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not p

3、urport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013.ISBN 978 0 580 68190 5 ICS 27.180 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal oblig

4、ations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 61400-11:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61400-11 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM March 2013 CENELEC Euro

5、pean Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2013 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CE

6、NELEC members. Ref. No. EN 61400-11:2013 E ICS 27.180 Supersedes EN 61400-11:2003 + A1:2006 English version Wind turbines - Part 11: Acoustic noise measurement techniques (IEC 61400-11:2012) Eoliennes - Partie 11: Techniques de mesure du bruit acoustique (CEI 61400-11:2012) Windenergieanlagen - Teil

7、 11: Schallmessverfahren (IEC 61400-11:2012) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2012-12-12. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alte

8、ration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language

9、 made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Cze

10、ch Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Ki

11、ngdom. BS EN 61400-11:2013EN 61400-11:2013 Foreword The text of document 88/436/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 61400-11, prepared by IEC/TC 88 “WindTurbines“ was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC asEN 61400-11:2013. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which

12、the document has to be implemented at national level bypublication of an identical nationalstandard or by endorsement (dop) 2013-09-12 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2015-12-12 This document supersedes EN 61400-11:2003 + A1:2006.

13、EN 61400-11:2013 includes the following significant technical changes with respect toEN 61400-11:2003 + A1:2006: The technical change is introducing new principles for data reduction procedures. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject ofpat

14、ent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all suchpatent rights. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61400-11:2012 was approved by CENELEC as a EuropeanStandard without any modification. BS EN 61400-11:2013EN 61400-11:2013 Annex ZA

15、(normative) Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and areindispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For u

16、ndatedreferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HDapplies. Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60688 - Electrical measuring tran

17、sducers forconverting A.C. and D.C. ectrical quantitiesto analogue or digital signals EN 60688 - IEC 60942 2003 Electroacoustics - Sound calibrators EN 60942 2003 IEC 61260 1995 Electroacoustics - Octave-band andfractional-octave-band filters EN 61260 1995 IEC 61400-12-1 2005 Wind turbines - Part 12

18、-1: Power performance measurements of electricity producingwind turbines EN 61400-12-1 2006 IEC 61400-12-2 - 1)Wind turbines - Part 12-2: Power performance of electricity producing wind turbines based on nacelleanemometry EN 61400-12-2 - IEC 61672 Series Electroacoustics - Sound level meters EN 6167

19、2 Series ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 - Uncertainty of measurement - Part 3: Guide to the expression ofuncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) - - 1)To be published. BS EN 61400-11:201361400-11 IEC:2012(E) CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 7 1 Scope . . 8 2 Normative references . 8 3 Terms and definitions . 9 4 Symbols a

20、nd units . 12 5 Outline of method 13 6 Instrumentation . 14 6.1 Acoustic instruments 14 6.1.1 General . 14 6.1.2 Equipment for the determination of the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level. 14 6.1.3 Equipment for the determination of A-weighted 1/3-octave band spectra . . 14 6.1.4 E

21、quipment for the determination of narrow band spectra 14 6.1.5 Microphone with measurement board and windscreen . . 14 6.1.6 Acoustical calibrator 16 6.1.7 Data recording/playback systems . 16 6.2 Non-acoustic Instruments . . 16 6.2.1 General . 16 6.2.2 Anemometers . 16 6.2.3 Electric power transduc

22、er . 17 6.2.4 Other instrumentation . 17 6.3 Traceable calibration 17 7 Acoustic measurements and measurement procedures . 17 7.1 Acoustic measurement positions 17 7.2 Acoustic measurements . . 20 7.2.1 General . 20 7.2.2 Acoustic measurement requirements . 20 7.2.3 A-weighted sound pressure level .

23、 . 21 7.2.4 A-weighted 1/3-octave band measurements . . 21 7.2.5 A-weighted narrow band measurements 21 7.2.6 Optional acoustic measurements at positions 2, 3 and 4 . 21 7.2.7 Other optional measurements 21 8 Non-acoustic measurements . 21 8.1 General . . 21 8.2 Wind speed measurements . 22 8.2.1 De

24、termination of the wind speed during wind turbine operation. 22 8.2.2 Wind speed measurements during background noise measurements . 23 8.3 Downwind direction . . 24 8.4 Other atmospheric conditions . 24 8.5 Rotor speed and pitch angle measurement . 24 9 Data reduction procedures. 24 9.1 General met

25、hodology for sound power levels and 1/3-octave band levels . 24 9.2 Calculation of sound pressure levels . 27 BS EN 61400-11:201361400-11 IEC:2012(E) 9.2.1 General . 27 9.2.2 Calculation of average sound spectra and uncertainty per bin . 27 9.2.3 Calculation of average wind speed and uncertainty per

26、 bin . . 29 9.2.4 Calculation of noise levels at bin centres including uncertainty . 30 9.3 Apparent sound power levels . . 31 9.4 Apparent sound power levels with reference to wind speed in 10 m height . 32 9.5 Tonal audibility 33 9.5.1 General methodology for tonality . . 33 9.5.2 Identifying poss

27、ible tones . 34 9.5.3 Classification of spectral lines within the critical band . 34 9.5.4 Identified tone 37 9.5.5 Determination of the tone level 37 9.5.6 Determination of the masking noise level . 37 9.5.7 Determination of tonality . 37 9.5.8 Determination of audibility . 38 9.5.9 Background nois

28、e . . 38 10 Information to be reported . 39 10.1 General . . 39 10.2 Characterisation of the wind turbine . . 39 10.3 Physical environment . 39 10.4 Instrumentation . 40 10.5 Acoustic data . . 40 10.6 Non-acoustic data . 41 10.7 Uncertainty . 41 Annex A (informative) Other possible characteristics o

29、f wind turbine noise emission and their quantification . 42 Annex B (informative) Assessment of turbulence intensity . 44 Annex C (informative) Assessment of measurement uncertainty . . 45 Annex D (informative) Apparent roughness length . . 47 Annex E (informative) Characterization of a secondary wi

30、nd screen. 49 Annex F (normative) Small wind turbines 53 Annex G (informative) Air absorption . 57 Bibliography . 58 Figure 1 Mounting of the microphone . . 15 Figure 2 Picture of microphone and measurement board 16 Figure 3 Standard pattern for microphone measurement positions (plan view) . 18 Figu

31、re 4 Illustration of the definitions of R0and slant distance R119 Figure 5 Acceptable meteorological mast position (hatched area) 22 Figure 6 Flowchart showing the data reduction procedure . 26 Figure 7 Flowchart for determining tonal audibility for each wind speed bin . 33 Figure 8 Illustration of

32、L70 %level in the critical band . . 35 Figure 9 Illustration of lines below the L70 %+ 6 dB criterion . 36 Figure 10 Illustration of Lpn,avglevel and lines classified as masking. 36 Figure 11 Illustration of classifying all spectral lines 37 Figure E.1 Example 1 of a secondary wind screen 50 BS EN 6

33、1400-11:201361400-11 IEC:2012(E) Figure E.2 Example 2 of secondary wind screen . 51 Figure E.3 Example on insertion loss from Table E.1 . 52 Figure F.1 Allowable region for meteorological mast position as a function of Plan view . 54 Figure F.2 Example immission noise map . 56 Figure G.1 Example of

34、1/3-octave spectrum . 57 Table C.1 Examples of possible values of type B uncertainty components relevant for apparent sound power spectra . 46 Table C.2 Examples of possible values of type B uncertainty components for wind speed determination relevant for apparent sound power spectra 46 Table D.1 Ro

35、ughness length . 47 Table E.1 Example on reporting of insertion loss. 51 BS EN 61400-11:201361400-11 IEC:2012(E) 7 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this part of IEC 61400 is to provide a uniform methodology that will ensure consistency and accuracy in the measurement and analysis of acoustical emissions

36、by wind turbine generator systems. This International Standard has been prepared with the anticipation that it would be applied by: wind turbine manufacturers striving to meet well defined acoustic emission performance requirements and/or a possible declaration system (e.g. IEC/TS 61400-14); wind tu

37、rbine purchasers for specifying performance requirements; wind turbine operators who may be required to verify that stated, or required, acoustic performance specifications are met for new or refurbished units; wind turbine planners or regulators who must be able to accurately and fairly define acou

38、stical emission characteristics of a wind turbine in response to environmental regulations or permit requirements for new or modified installations. This standard provides guidance in the measurement, analysis and reporting of complex acoustic emissions from wind turbine generator systems. The stand

39、ard will benefit those parties involved in the manufacture, installation, planning and permitting, operation, utilization, and regulation of wind turbines. The measurement and analysis techniques recommended in this document should be applied by all parties to ensure that continuing development and

40、operation of wind turbines is carried out in an atmosphere of consistent and accurate communication relative to environmental concerns. This standard presents measurement and reporting procedures expected to provide accurate results that can be replicated by others. BS EN 61400-11:2013 8 61400-11 IE

41、C:2012(E) WIND TURBINES Part 11: Acoustic noise measurement techniques 1 Scope This part of IEC 61400 presents measurement procedures that enable noise emissions of a wind turbine to be characterised. This involves using measurement methods appropriate to noise emission assessment at locations close

42、 to the machine, in order to avoid errors due to sound propagation, but far away enough to allow for the finite source size. The procedures described are different in some respects from those that would be adopted for noise assessment in community noise studies. They are intended to facilitate chara

43、cterisation of wind turbine noise with respect to a range of wind speeds and directions. Standardisation of measurement procedures will also facilitate comparisons between different wind turbines. The procedures present methodologies that will enable the noise emissions of a single wind turbine to b

44、e characterised in a consistent and accurate manner. These procedures include the following: location of acoustic measurement positions; requirements for the acquisition of acoustic, meteorological, and associated wind turbine operational data; analysis of the data obtained and the content for the d

45、ata report; and definition of specific acoustic emission parameters, and associated descriptors which are used for making environmental assessments. This International Standard is not restricted to wind turbines of a particular size or type. The procedures described in this standard allow for the th

46、orough description of the noise emission from a wind turbine. A method for small wind turbines is described in Annex F. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, on

47、ly the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60688, Electrical measuring transducers for converting a.c. electrical quantities to analogue or digital signals IEC 60942:2003, Electroacoustics Sound calibrat

48、ors IEC 61260:1995, Electroacoustics Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters IEC 61400-12-1:2005, Wind turbines Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines IEC 61400-12-2, Wind turbines Part 12-2: Power performance verification of electricity producing win

49、d turbines1_ 1To be published. BS EN 61400-11:201361400-11 IEC:2012(E) 9 IEC 61672 (all parts), Electroacoustics Sound level meters ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 apparent sound power level LWA A-weighted sound power level re. 1 pW of a point source at the rotor cent