EN 62006-2011 en Hydraulic machines - Acceptance tests of small hydroelectric installations《液压机 小型水力发电装置的验收试验》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationHydraulic machines Acceptance tests of small hydroelectric installationsBS EN 62006:2011National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 62006:2011. It is id

2、entical to IEC 62006:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/15, Hydraulic turbines.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provision

3、s of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 54423 1 ICS 27.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 J

4、une 2011.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 62006:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 62006 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM February 2011 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches

5、Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2011 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 62006:2011 E ICS 27.140 English version Hydraulic machines - Acceptance tests of smal

6、l hydroelectric installations (IEC 62006:2010) Machines hydrauliques - Essais de rception des petits amnagements hydrolectriques (CEI 62006:2010) Hydraulische Maschinen - Abnahmemessungen an Kleinwasserkraft-Anlagen (IEC 62006:2010) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2011-01-02. CENEL

7、EC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on ap

8、plication to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secret

9、ariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Ma

10、lta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 62006:2011EN 62006:2011 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 4/254/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 62006, prepared by IEC TC 4, Hydraulic turbines, was submitted to the

11、IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 62006 on 2011-01-02. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The foll

12、owing dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2011-10-02 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2014-01-02 Annex ZA has been

13、added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 62006:2010 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 60994 NOTE Harmonized

14、 as EN 60994. IEC 61116 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61116. IEC 61260 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61260. ISO 4373 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 4373. ISO 5167 series NOTE Harmonized in EN ISO 5167 series (not modified) _ BS EN 62006:2011- 3 - EN 62006:2011 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international p

15、ublications with their corresponding European publications The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)

16、 applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60041 1991 Field acceptance tests to determine the hydraulic performance of hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-tur

17、bines EN 60041 1994 IEC 60193 - Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines - Model acceptance tests EN 60193 - IEC 60308 - Hydraulic turbines - Testing of control systems EN 60308 - IEC 60609 Series Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines - Cavitation pitting evaluation EN 60609

18、 Series IEC 60651 - Sound level meters EN 60651 - IEC 61362 - Guide to specification of hydraulic turbine control systems EN 61362 - ISO 1680 - Acoustics - Test code for the measurement of airborne noise emitted by rotating electrical machines EN ISO 1680 - ISO 1940-1 2003 Mechanical vibration - Bal

19、ance quality requirements for rotors in a constant (rigid) state - Part 1: Specification and verification of balance tolerances - - ISO 3746 - Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure -Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflectin

20、g plane EN ISO 3746 - ISO 4412 Series Hydraulic fluid power - Test code for determination of airborne noise levels - - ISO 5168 - Measurement of fluid flow - Estimation of uncertainly of a flow-rate measurement - - ISO 7919-5 - Mechanical vibration - Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements o

21、n rotating shafts -Part 5: Machine sets in hydraulic power generating and pumping plants - - ISO 10816-3 - Mechanical vibration - Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts - Part 3: Industrial machines with nominal power above 15 kW and nominal speeds between 120 r/min an

22、d 15 000 r/min when measured in situ - - BS EN 62006:2011EN 62006:2011 - 4 - Publication Year Title EN/HD Year ANSI/IEEE 810 - Hydraulic Turbine and Generator Integrally Forged Shaft Couplings and Shaft Runout Tolerances - - BS EN 62006:2011 2 62006 IEC:2010 CONTENTS 1 Scope.9 2 Normative references

23、 9 3 Terms, definitions and schematic layout 10 3.1 Terms and definitions . 10 3.2 Schematic layout of a hydroelectric installation . 10 4 Nature and extent of guarantees. 11 4.1 Grouping of classes A, B, C. 11 4.1.1 General . 11 4.1.2 Contract conditions. .13 4.2 Scope of performance guarantee. .13

24、 4.2.1 General . 13 4.2.2 Class A: Maximum power output13 4.2.3 Class B: Index test . .13 4.2.4 Class C: Turbine efficiency .13 4.2.5 Interpretation of losses . 13 4.3 Scope of tests 14 4.3.1 Safety tests .14 4.3.2 Trial run and reliability tests14 4.3.3 Performance test 14 4.4 Aptitude.15 4.5 Warra

25、nty .15 5 Safety tests (commissioning) .16 5.1 Pre-start tests 16 5.2 Closing devices . 16 5.2.1 General . 16 5.2.2 Intake gate or valve . 17 5.2.3 Turbine inlet valve . 17 5.2.4 Guide vanes (Francis and Kaplan turbines) . . 17 5.2.5 Needle valve and deflector (Pelton and Turgo turbines) 18 5.3 Firs

26、t run operation and control.19 5.4 Bearing run at rated speed . .19 5.5 Emergency shutdown (no load) . .20 5.6 Electrical protection.20 5.7 Overspeed test.21 5.8 Runaway test .21 5.9 Overpressure, emergency trip and load rejection tests . . 22 5.9.1 General conditions . .22 5.9.2 Testing the guide v

27、anes or needle valves 23 5.9.3 Testing the turbine inlet valve . .23 5.9.4 Testing the pressure relief valve 23 5.9.5 Pressure rise . .23 5.10 Measured quantities . 25 5.10.1 Pressure. .25 5.10.2 Speed.25 5.10.3 Control components. 25 BS EN 62006:201162006 IEC:2010 3 6 Trial operating and reliabilit

28、y tests (commissioning).25 6.1 General .25 6.2 Temperature stability of rotating parts . 25 6.2.1 General . 25 6.2.2 Temperature guarantees . .26 6.3 Speed controller system .26 6.3.1 General . 26 6.3.2 Unit operating without regulation .26 6.3.3 Unit operating with a speed governor27 6.3.4 Unit ope

29、rating with a voltage governor. 28 6.3.5 Unit operating with a controller 28 6.3.6 Measurements when testing the control system . 28 6.4 Control of cam correlation . 29 7 Performance guarantees and tests .29 7.1 General .29 7.2 Maximum generator (transformer) power output as a function of net head 3

30、0 7.2.1 Guarantee .30 7.2.2 Instrumentation. 30 7.3 Index test 30 7.3.1 General . 30 7.3.2 Index discharge measurement . 31 7.3.3 Shape control . 31 7.3.4 Index plant efficiency.32 7.3.5 Optimizing cam correlation .33 7.4 Turbine efficiency 33 7.4.1 Efficiency test by absolute discharge measurement

31、. 33 7.4.2 Efficiency test by thermodynamic method 34 7.5 Correcting the efficiency using the model curve. 34 8 Computation of results and comparison to the guarantee. 36 8.1 General .36 8.1.1 Site data. .36 8.1.2 Measured values (readings) . .36 8.1.3 Scale effect due to water temperature . 37 8.1.

32、4 Shifting of the plant characteristic. 37 8.2 Power output 37 8.2.1 Plant power output measurement . .37 8.2.2 Generator power output measurement . 38 8.2.3 Turbine power output measurement 38 8.3 Relative turbine efficiency (index test) . 38 8.3.1 General . 38 8.3.2 Relative discharge . 38 8.3.3 G

33、uarantee of the shape of the plant characteristics . 39 8.3.4 Relative index plant efficiency . 40 8.4 Absolute turbine efficiency . .40 8.4.1 General . 40 8.4.2 Absolute discharge . .40 8.4.3 Guarantee of the plant efficiency and comparison to the results 40 9 Error analysis .40 BS EN 62006:2011 4

34、62006 IEC:2010 9.1 General .40 9.2 Estimation of systematic (bias) uncertainties 41 9.2.1 General . 41 9.2.2 Typical systematic uncertainties . 41 9.2.3 Systematic uncertainty for turbines used to indicate discharge 42 9.3 Estimation of random (precision) uncertainties 42 9.3.1 Measurement at a sing

35、le operation point . 42 9.3.2 Measurement over a range of operating condition . 44 9.4 Evaluation of the uncertainties . 45 9.4.1 General . 45 9.4.2 Head 45 9.4.3 Power output . .47 9.4.4 Index test measurement . 49 9.4.5 Efficiency test by absolute discharge measurement . 51 9.4.6 Efficiency test b

36、y the thermodynamic method . 51 10 Other guarantees . .51 10.1 Cavitation51 10.1.1 General . 51 10.1.2 Measurement methods . 52 10.1.3 Comparison with specified guarantees52 10.2 Noise . .53 10.2.1 General . 53 10.2.2 Measurement methods . 53 10.2.3 Comparison with specified guarantees54 10.3 Vibrat

37、ion54 10.3.1 General . 54 10.3.2 Measurements and measurement methods . 54 10.3.3 Comparison with specified guarantees55 Annex A (normative) Terms, definitions, symbols and units. 56 Annex B (normative) Head definition. .64 Annex C (normative) Method of speed measurements . 77 Annex D (normative) Po

38、wer output measurement 78 Annex E (normative) Methods of discharge measurement . .82 Annex F (informative) Plant condition 95 Annex G (informative) Commissioning .97 Annex H (informative) Performance test efficiency calculation 99 Annex I (informative) Cam correlation test . 106 Bibliography. . 109

39、Figure 1 Schematic layout of a hydroelectric installation (water to wire system) .11 Figure 2 Warranty period . 16 Figure 3 Vanes and blades servomotors force measurements (Kaplan on line) . 17 Figure 4 Evaluation of the guide vane (GV) closing characteristic 18 Figure 5 Needle servomotor force .18

40、Figure 6 Automatic start Synchronization No load test (Kaplan turbine).19 Figure 7 Emergency shutdown from no load test (Kaplan turbine) 20 BS EN 62006:201162006 IEC:2010 5 Figure 8 Runaway test (Kaplan turbine) . .21 Figure 9 Emergency shutdown due to an electrical fault. 22 Figure 10 Emergency shu

41、tdown due to a mechanical fault .23 Figure 11 Emergency shutdown due to the governor failure .24 Figure 12 Evaluation of the maximum overpressure . .24 Figure 13 Temperature stability, recording at no load up to stable conditions. 26 Figure 14 Speed governor check at no load 27 Figure 15 Maximum pow

42、er output: procedure to compare measured power output at actual net head to the guarantee. .30 Figure 16 Comparison of the shape of the turbine characteristic to the guarantee. 32 Figure 17 Example of an optimized switch band for 1 and 2 turbine operation 33 Figure 18 Efficiency test: procedure to c

43、ompare guaranteed turbine efficiency to the prototype measurement results, including the overall uncertainties . 34 Figure 19 Hill chart Showing head loss examples with one and two units in operation using the same penstock 35 Figure 20 Shifting of the performance curves . 37 Figure 21 Variation of

44、factor k and exponent x on turbine index efficiency. . 39 Figure 22 Random uncertainties of a single operation point, example for penstock pressure variation and fluctuation 43 Figure 23 Detection of outlier errors: example to find out offset and reading errors by plotting in linear and logarithmic

45、form with the same data.44 Figure 24 Example of scattered points with function of second order . . 44 Figure 25 Scattered points smoothed by individual fitting on adjacent sections . 45 Figure 26 Overall uncertainty of head for free water level for low head turbines . . 46 Figure 27 Overall uncertai

46、nty of head in a closed conduit . .47 Figure 28 Estimated overall uncertainties of the discharge by index measurement versus full scale differential pressure . .50 Figure 29 Operation range and cavitation limits .52 Figure A.1 Transient pressure fluctuation at the turbine high pressure reference sec

47、tion, when a specified load is suddenly rejected . 61 Figure A.2 Transient pressure fluctuation at the turbine high pressure reference section, when a specified load is suddenly accepted 62 Figure B.1 High pressure reference and measuring sections. 65 Figure B.2 Measuring section at tail water.66 Fi

48、gure B.3 Measuring section at draft tube66 Figure B.4 Definition of measuring sections 67 Figure B.5 Kaplan turbine with horizontal shaft . .68 Figure B.6 Kaplan turbine with vertical shaft . .68 Figure B.7 Francis open flume turbine with vertical shaft . 69 Figure B.8 Francis turbine with horizonta

49、l shaft. .69 Figure B.9 Francis turbine with vertical shaft, with stagnation probe 70 Figure B.10 Francis turbine with horizontal shaft with pressure on suction side. 70 Figure B.11 Pelton turbine with horizontal shaft .71 Figure B.12 Pelton turbine with vertical shaft . 71 Figure B.13 Turgo turbine with horizontal shaft . .72 Figure B.14 Turgo turbine with vertical shaft . .72 BS EN 62006:2011 6 62006 IEC:2010 F