EN 62508-2010 en Guidance on human aspects of dependability《人力可靠性指南》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationGuidance on human aspects of dependabilityBS EN 62508:2010National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 62508:2010. It is identical to IEC 62508:2010.The

2、UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteeDS/1, Dependability and terotechnology.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. User

3、s are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 61716 4ICS 03.120.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the StandardsPolicy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2010.Amendmen

4、ts issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 62508:2010EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 62508 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM October 2010 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnisch

5、e Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2010 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 62508:2010 E ICS 03.120.01 English version Guidance on human aspects of dependability (IEC 62508:2010) Lignes di

6、rectrices relatives aux facteurs humains dans la sret de fonctionnement(CEI 62508:2010) Leitlinien zu den menschlichen Aspekten der Zuverlssigkeit (IEC 62508:2010) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2010-10-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulati

7、ons which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This E

8、uropean Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members a

9、re the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Sl

10、ovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. EN 62508:2010 - ii - Foreword The text of document 56/1365/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 62508, prepared by IEC TC 56, Dependability, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 62508 on 2010-10-01. Atten

11、tion is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national

12、level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2011-07-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2013-10-01 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 6250

13、8:2010 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 60812:2006 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60812:2006 (not modified). ISO 6385:2004 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 6385:20

14、04 (not modified). ISO 9000:2005 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9000:2005 (not modified). ISO 9241-1:1997 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-1:1997 (not modified). ISO 9241-2:1992 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-2:1993 (not modified). ISO 9241-3:1992 NOTE Harmonized as EN 29241-3:1993 (not modified). ISO 9241

15、-4:1998 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-4:1998 (not modified). ISO 9241-5:1998 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-5:1999 (not modified). ISO 9241-6:1999 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-6:1999 (not modified). ISO 9241-7:1998 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-7:1998 (not modified). ISO 9241-8:1997 NOTE Harmoni

16、zed as EN ISO 9241-8:1997 (not modified). ISO 9241-9:2000 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-9:2000 (not modified). ISO 9241-11:1998 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-11:1998 (not modified). ISO 9241-12:1998 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-12:1998 (not modified). ISO 9241-13:1998 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9

17、241-13:1998 (not modified). ISO 9241-15:1997 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-15:1997 (not modified). ISO 9241-16:1999 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-16:1999 (not modified). ISO 9241-17:1998 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-17:1998 (not modified). BS EN 62508:2010- iii - EN 62508:2010 ISO 9241-20:2008 N

18、OTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-20:2009 (not modified). ISO 9241-110:2006 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-110:2006 (not modified). ISO 9241-151:2008 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-151:2008 (not modified). ISO 9241-171:2008 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-171:2008 (not modified). ISO 9241-210:2010 NOTE H

19、armonized as EN ISO 9241-210:2010 (not modified). ISO 9241-300:2008 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-300:2008 (not modified). ISO 9241-302:2008 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-302:2008 (not modified). ISO 9241-303:2008 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-303:2008 (not modified). ISO 9241-304:2008 NOTE Harmo

20、nized as EN ISO 9241-304:2008 (not modified). ISO 9241-305:2008 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-305:2008 (not modified). ISO 9241-306:2008 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-306:2008 (not modified). ISO 9241-307:2008 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-307:2008 (not modified). ISO 9241-400:2007 NOTE Harmonize

21、d as EN ISO 9241-400:2007 (not modified). ISO 9241-410:2008 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9241-410:2008 (not modified). ISO 11064-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 11064-1. ISO 11064-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 11064-2. ISO 11064-3 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 11064-3. ISO 11064-4 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 11064

22、-4. ISO 11064-5 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 11064-5. ISO 11064-6 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 11064-6. ISO 11064-7 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 11064-7. _ BS EN 62508:2010EN 62508:2010 - iv - Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publicatio

23、ns The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has bee

24、n modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60300-1 2003 Dependability management - Part 1: Dependability management systems EN 60300-1 2003 IEC 60300-2 - Dependability management - Part 2: Guidelines for dependability man

25、agement EN 60300-2 - IEC 60300-3-15 - Dependability management - Part 3-15: Application guide - Engineering of system dependability EN 60300-3-15 - BS EN 62508:2010 4 62508 IEC:2010 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.6 1 Scope.7 2 Normative references .7 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 7 3.1 Terms and def

26、initions 7 3.2 Abbreviations 10 4 Human aspects.10 4.1 Overview .10 4.2 Components of the system and their interactions.11 4.2.1 Introductory remark .11 4.2.2 Goals.11 4.2.3 Humans .12 4.2.4 Machine (interactive system) .12 4.2.5 Social and physical environment13 4.2.6 Output .13 4.2.7 Feedback from

27、 the machine to the person .13 4.3 Human characteristics .14 4.3.1 Introductory remark .14 4.3.2 Human limitations 14 4.3.3 Comparison of humans and machines . 14 4.4 Human performance shaping factors .15 4.4.1 External performance shaping factors 16 4.4.2 Internal performance shaping factors.16 4.5

28、 Human reliability analysis (HRA) .16 4.5.1 Overview .16 4.5.2 Identifying the potential for human error 17 4.5.3 Analysing human failures to define countermeasures 17 4.5.4 Quantification of human reliability 18 4.6 Critical systems .18 4.7 Human-centred design guidelines19 4.8 Human-centred design

29、 process .20 4.8.1 Human-centred design principles within the design process 20 4.8.2 Human-centred design activities 21 5 Human-oriented design in the system lifecycle .21 5.1 Overview .21 5.2 The system life cycle .22 5.3 Integrating human-oriented design in systems engineering 23 6 Human-oriented

30、 design at each life cycle stage 24 6.1 Overview .24 6.2 Concept/definition stage 24 6.2.1 Concept.24 6.2.2 Human-centred design planning 24 6.2.3 Understanding needs.25 6.2.4 System requirements .25 6.2.5 Human-centred design requirements . 25 BS EN 62508:201062508 IEC:2010 5 6.3 Design/development

31、26 6.4 Realization/implementation26 6.5 Operation/maintenance .27 6.6 Enhancement 27 6.7 Retirement/decommission .28 6.8 Outsourcing projects and related human-centred design issues. 28 7 Human-centred design methods .29 7.1 Classification of human-centred design activities.29 7.2 Applications of hu

32、man-centred design methods .30 Annex A (informative) Examples of HRA methods 31 Annex B (informative) Summary of human-oriented design activities and their impact on system dependability .37 Annex C (informative) Best practices for human-centred design. 41 Bibliography47 Figure 1 Components of the s

33、ystem and their interactions . 11 Figure 2 Human performance shaping factors 16 Figure 3 Simple model of human information processing17 Figure 4 Human-centred design activities 21 Figure 5 Human aspects of the system life cycle23 Table 1 People who influence dependability.12 Table A.1 HRA methods an

34、d their application 31 Table B.1 Automation 37 Table B.2 Design for maintainability.37 Table B.3 Computer-human interface.38 Table B.4 Incorporation of displays, controls and alarm functions 39 Table B.5 Incorporation of input devices 39 Table B.6 Environment.40 Table B.7 Safety 40 Table B.8 Securit

35、y .40 Table C.1 Examples of methods and techniques that contribute to best practices 41 BS EN 62508:2010 6 62508 IEC:2010 INTRODUCTION This International Standard provides guidelines on human aspects of dependability of systems. It fills the need for a standard to address the dependability of human/

36、machine systems. It gives guidance on how the human aspects of dependability can be considered at all the system life cycle stages, including ergonomic principles during design and human reliability understanding for system applications. This standard provides an overview of the principles with some

37、 examples of the types of methods that can be used. It is intended that a supporting standard, which describes more detailed methods that include quantification of human reliability will follow the issue of this standard in due course. This standard contains recommendations, and does not include any

38、 requirements. Attention is drawn to the possibility of the existence of regulatory requirements for systems covered by the scope of this standard. BS EN 62508:201062508 IEC:2010 7 GUIDANCE ON HUMAN ASPECTS OF DEPENDABILITY 1 Scope This International Standard provides guidance on the human aspects o

39、f dependability, and the human-centred design methods and practices that can be used throughout the whole system life cycle to improve dependability performance. This standard describes qualitative approaches. Examples of quantitative methods are given in Annex A. This International Standard is appl

40、icable to any area of industry where human/machine relationships exist, and is intended for use by technical personnel and their managers. This International standard is not intended to be used for certification, regulatory or contractual use. 2 Normative references The following referenced document

41、s are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60300-1:2003, Dependability management Part 1: Dependability management system

42、s IEC 60300-2, Dependability management Part 2: Guidelines for dependability management IEC 60300-3-15, Dependability management Part 3-15: Application guide Engineering of system dependability 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions

43、 and abbreviations apply. NOTE Certain terms have been taken from the draft text of the second edition of IEC 60050-191, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Part 191: Dependability, currently under consideration. 3.1 Terms and definitions 3.1.1 dependability ability to perform as and when requ

44、ired 1NOTE 1 Dependability characteristics include availability and its inherent or external influencing factors, such as reliability, fault tolerance, recoverability, integrity, security, maintainability, durability and maintenance support. NOTE 2 Dependability is also used descriptively as an umbr

45、ella term for time-related quality characteristics of a product or service, and it can also be expressed as a grade, degree, confidence or probability of fulfilling a defined set of characteristics. NOTE 3 Specifications for dependability characteristics typically include: the function the product i

46、s to perform; the time for which that performance is to be sustained; and the conditions of storage, use and maintenance. Requirements for safety, efficiency and economy throughout the life cycle can also be included. _ 1Future IEC 60050-191, definition 191-41-26, second edition, under consideration

47、. BS EN 62508:2010 8 62508 IEC:2010 3.1.2 ergonomics human factors HF scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among human and other elements of a system that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system

48、 performance ISO 6385:2004, definition 2.3, modified 3.1.3 error resistance ability of a system to minimize the probability of human error occurring 3.1.4 error tolerance ability of a system or component to continue normal operation despite the presence of erroneous inputs ISO/IEC 24765:2009, defini

49、tion 3.1034 3.1.5 human aspects abilities, limitations, and other human characteristics that are relevant to the design, operation and maintenance of systems and/or their components affecting overall system performance 3.1.6 human-centred design approach to system design and development that aims to make interactive systems more usable by focussing on the use of the system, applying human factors, ergonomics and usability knowle