1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 137:2015Wool Determination offibre diameter Projectionmicroscope methodBS EN ISO 137:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 137:2015. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committe
2、e TCI/24, Physical testing of textiles.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards I
3、nstitution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 84136 1 ICS 59.060.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2015.Ame
4、ndments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 137 December 2015 ICS 59.060.10 English Version Wool - Determination of fibre diameter - Projection microscope method (ISO 137:2015) Laine - Dtermination du diamtre des fibres - Mtho
5、de du microscope projection (ISO 137:2015) Wolle - Bestimmung des Faserdurchmessers - Mikroskop-Projektionsverfahren (ISO 137:2015) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 September 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the condition
6、s for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in
7、three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards
8、 bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Sloveni
9、a, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved wor
10、ldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 137:2015 EBS EN ISO 137:2015EN ISO 137:2015 (E) 3 Euroepean foreword This document (EN ISO 137:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38 “Textiles“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and textile products” the
11、 secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2016. Attention is draw
12、n to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followin
13、g countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norw
14、ay, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 137:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 137:2015 without any modification. BS EN ISO 137:2015ISO 137:2015(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative reference
15、s 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 15 Apparatus . 26 Sampling and preparation of the test specimens . 56.1 Raw wool 56.2 Slivers, rovings and yarns 56.3 Cutting of snippets . 56.3.1 Using a fibre holder and pusher . 56.3.2 Using a microtome 56.4 Mounting of test specimen . 57 Test procedure 6
16、7.1 General . 67.2 Examination of the test specimen 67.3 Focusing 77.4 Measuring the width of a fibre image 77.5 Recording of measurements 88 Measurement procedure 89 Calculation and expression of results . 810 Test report . 9Annex A (informative) Example of calculation 10Annex B (informative) Accur
17、acy of results and confidence limits for mean 12Bibliography .13 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 137:2015ISO 137:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of prep
18、aring International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
19、liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC
20、Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility tha
21、t some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent de
22、clarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information
23、 about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 38, Textiles, Subcommittee SC 23, Fibres and yarns.This second edition cancels and replaces the first
24、edition (ISO 137:1975), which has been technically revised.This second edition to ISO 137 is based on the test method IWTO-8:2011, drawn up by the International Wool Textile Organization (IWTO).iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 137:2015INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 137:2015(E)Wool Determination
25、of fibre diameter Projection microscope method1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies the procedure and the measurement conditions for the determination of the wool fibre diameter using a projection microscope.The method is suitable for wool fibres in any form and also for other fibres of reaso
26、nably circular cross-section. (In the case of dyed, bleached or finished fibres, the diameter might be different from that of fibres not subjected to such treatments. The estimates of fibre diameter obtained at the various stages of processing one lot of wool will not necessarily be the same.)2 Norm
27、ative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
28、applies.ISO 139, Textiles Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testingISO 1130:1975, Textile fibres Some methods of sampling for testing3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1mean diameteraverage value of the projected width of eit
29、her the wool fibre or another fibre of reasonably circular cross-section3.2total samplesample intended to be representative of a large bulk of material, in the state in which it is sent to the laboratoryNote 1 to entry: The total sample is prepared according to the procedure specified in ISO 1130.3.
30、3subsamplesample randomly drawn from and representative of the total sample, which has been suitably cleaned, dried and conditioned where appropriate3.4test specimenpart of a subsample which is tested at one time4 PrincipleProjection on a screen of the magnified images of the profiles of wool fibre
31、snippets, and measurement of their width by means of a graduated scale. The operating technique ensures a random sampling of the fibres to be measured. ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 137:2015ISO 137:2015(E)5 Apparatus5.1 Projection microscope, comprising a light source, a light condenser, a
32、 stage which supports the slide carrying the fibres, an objective, an ocular and a circular screen.5.1.1 Stage, movable in two directions at right angles by means of a sliding mechanism capable of successive displacements in 1,0 mm steps.5.1.2 Objective and ocular, capable of providing 500X magnific
33、ation.5.1.3 Circular screen, equipped with a graduated scale capable of measuring the projected image of the fibre snippet on the screen in any orientation and position within the measuring area.It is acceptable to mark a central circle having a diameter equal to one-quarter of the optical distance
34、between the ocular and the centre of the screen. To ensure that any lens aberrations at the objective perimeter are avoided, all measurements must be made within this circle. However, some modern instruments contain much improved optics which ensure uniformity of magnification over the whole of the
35、projected image. In the case of these instruments, no marked circle is needed and measurements can be made over the whole image area. In all cases where there is no marked circle on the screen, to ensure the integrity of the instruments optics, the magnification should be checked over the whole proj
36、ected image by using a certified graduated scale as described in 5.2.NOTE A movable graduated scale made from transparent material and graduated on its underside in millimetres, as shown in Figure 1, is suitable.Figure 1 Centre transparent graduated scale which slides between guides5.2 Micrometer gr
37、aduated scale.The projection microscope shall be calibrated periodically by means of a micrometer graduated scale (certified accurate), divided in hundredths of a millimetre and placed on the stage. One division of the micrometer (i.e. 0,01 mm), projected on the screen, shall cover exactly 5 mm of t
38、he graduated scale. The magnification is then equal to 500X.5.3 Snippet cutters, suitable for cutting the fibres to a predetermined maximum length, capable of fulfilling the requirements of 6.3 regarding the cutting of the fibre pieces. The following apparatus (5.3.1) has been found suitable.5.3.1 F
39、ibre holder and pusher. These are shown in Figures 2 and 3. The holder is a short piece of smooth steel (G) about 3 mm thick with a 1,5 mm slot into which slides the tongue of part H. The tongue of part H is fixed by a screw and may thus be adjusted to project different distances into the slot of G.
40、 The pusher consists of a steel stem with a short stop plate near its end; the stem has the same width as the slot, namely 1,5 mm. The stem of the pusher extends 0,8 mm beyond the stop plate.2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 137:2015ISO 137:2015(E)Dimensions in millimetresKeyA steel plateB slo
41、tC steel tongueD guidesFigure 2 Fibre microtome in which the wool sample is cut into pieces of predetermined length ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 137:2015ISO 137:2015(E)Dimensions in millimetresFigure 3 A pusher by which a length of 0,8 mm of fibre can be pressed out5.3.2 Conventional micr
42、otome.Alternatively, a conventional microtome may be used if it is capable of fulfilling the requirements of 6.3 regarding the cutting of the fibre pieces.5.4 Mounting medium, having the following properties:a) a refractive index between 1,43 and 1,53, at 20 C;b) a suitable viscosity;c) zero water a
43、bsorption;d) no effect on the diameter of the fibre.Cedar wood oil and liquid paraffin are examples of suitable media. Anhydrous glycerine is not suitable.5.5 Glass microscope slides, approximately 75 mm 40 mm.5.6 Cover glasses. Square or rectangular cover glass No. 1 (i.e. 0,13 mm to 0,17 mm thick)
44、 have been found suitable, as well as dimensions for the cover glass of 50 mm 35 mm.4 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 137:2015ISO 137:2015(E)6 Sampling and preparation of the test specimens6.1 Raw wool6.1.1 Proceed in the following manner in accordance with ISO 1130:1975, 6.2.Divide the mass o
45、f the total sample into roughly 40 zones and take a handful of fibres from each zone. Divide each handful into two (taking care to avoid breaking the fibres) and reject one-half, choosing the half to be rejected at random. If the fibres are parallel, make the division into two longitudinally, i.e. i
46、n a direction which avoids selection of fibres by their ends. Divide the retained half into two and again reject half at random. Continue in this way until 50 g of fibre remains.6.1.2 Submit the reduced sample to a washing treatment consisting of two extractions in petroleum ether. Dry the sample an
47、d condition it in the standard atmosphere for conditioning given in ISO 139.6.2 Slivers, rovings and yarns6.2.1 From the total sample, which shall be as representative as possible of the bulk, take a sufficient quantity of material to fill the slot of the microtome to a sufficient depth. Long fibres
48、 are generally thick fibres, and consequently any manipulation resulting in selection of long fibres will lead to a greater diameter than mean diameter.6.2.2 Condition the test specimen thus obtained in the standard atmosphere for conditioning given in ISO 139.6.3 Cutting of snippets6.3.1 Using a fi
49、bre holder and pusherWith the fibres in the slot G (as specified in 5.3), insert the part H so that the tongue compresses the fibres firmly in the slot. To ensure satisfactory retention of the fibres, the length of the tongue should be suitably adjusted, then locked by means of the screw.Then, using a sharp razor blade or scalpel, cut off the projecting tuft of fibres flush on both sides of the holder.Insert the 0,8 mm pusher in the slot and slide it backwards and forwards so as to cause a fringe of fibres to project from the opposi
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