1、BS EN ISO2439:2008ICS 83.100NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDFlexible cellularpolymeric materials Determination ofhardness (indentationtechnique) (ISO2439:2008)This British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and Strate
2、gyCommittee on 31 January2009 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 56850 3Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN ISO 2439:2008National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 2439:2008. Itsupersedes BS EN ISO 2439:2001 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in i
3、ts preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PRI/24, Testing of rigid and flexible cellular materials.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users a
4、re responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 2439December 2008ICS 83.100 Supersedes EN ISO 2439:2000 English VersionFlexible cellular polymeric materials - Determinatio
5、n of hardness(indentation technique) (ISO 2439:2008)Matriaux polymres alvolaires souples - Dterminationde la duret (technique par indentation) (ISO 2439:2008)Weich-elastische polymere Schaumstoffe - Bestimmungder Hrte (Eindruckverfahren) (ISO 2439:2008)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1
6、9 November 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be
7、 obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Man
8、agement Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norw
9、ay, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and b
10、y any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 2439:2008: EBS EN ISO 2439:2008EN ISO 2439:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 2439:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45 “Rubber and rubber products“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249
11、“Plastics“, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2009. At
12、tention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 2439:2000. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulat
13、ions, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherl
14、ands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 2439:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 2439:2008 without any modification. BS EN ISO 2439:2008ISO 2439:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiCo
15、ntents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Principle. 2 5 Apparatus 2 6 Test pieces 3 6.1 Shape and dimensions. 3 6.2 Samples showing orientation 3 6.3 Conditioning 3 7 Procedure 3 7.1 General. 3 7.2 Preliminary indentation for Methods A, B and C. 4 7
16、.3 Method A Determination of the 40 %/30 s indentation hardness index . 4 7.4 Method B Determination of the 25 %-40 %-65 %/30 s indentation hardness characteristics. 4 7.5 Method C Determination of the 40 % indentation hardness check. 5 7.6 Method D Determination of the 25 %/20 s low indentation har
17、dness index 5 7.7 Method E Determination of the compressive deflection coefficient and hysteresis loss rate 5 8 Repeat tests. 7 9 Test report . 7 Annex A (informative) Test method parameters and typical graphs 8 Annex B (informative) Precision of Method E . 12 Bibliography . 14 BS EN ISO 2439:2008IS
18、O 2439:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each mem
19、ber body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International El
20、ectrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards ado
21、pted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of pat
22、ent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 2439 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee SC 4, Products (other than hoses). This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 2439:1997 a
23、nd ISO 2439:1997/Cor.1:1998), which has been technically revised. Major modifications in this revised text are: a) change in Scope to cover five methods; b) inclusion of Figure 1 to illustrate the force-indentation curve; and c) inclusion of informative annexes. BS EN ISO 2439:2008INTERNATIONAL STAN
24、DARD ISO 2439:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Flexible cellular polymeric materials Determination of hardness (indentation technique) WARNING Persons using this International Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This International Standard does not purport to address al
25、l of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions. 1 Scope The indentation hardness of flexible cellular materials is a measure of their
26、 load-bearing properties. This International Standard specifies four methods (A to D) for the determination of indentation hardness and one method (E) for determination of compressive deflection coefficient and hysteresis loss rate of flexible cellular materials. Annex A provides a summary of test p
27、arameters and typical force-indentation graphs obtained with these methods. These five methods are applicable only to latex foam, urethane foam and PVC foam of the open-cell type. The methods specified can be used for testing finished articles and for the characterization of bulk material. This Inte
28、rnational Standard specifies the following methods: a) Method A Determination of the 40 %/30 s indentation hardness index, which gives a single indentation measurement for laboratory test purposes; b) Method B Determination of the 25 %-40 %-65 %/30 s indentation hardness characteristics, which provi
29、des information about the shape of the hardness indentation curve; c) Method C Determination of the 40 % indentation hardness check, which is a quick procedure suitable for quality control testing; d) Method D Determination of the 25 %/20 s low indentation hardness index, which is a quick procedure
30、suitable as an inspection test; e) Method E Determination of the compressive deflection coefficient and hysteresis loss rate, which gives additional information about the load-bearing properties of materials. The results obtained by these methods relate only to the test conditions specified and cann
31、ot, in general, be used directly for design purposes. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (includi
32、ng any amendments) applies. ISO 1382, Rubber Vocabulary BS EN ISO 2439:2008ISO 2439:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reservedISO 7500-1, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines Verification and calibration of the force-measuring s
33、ystem ISO 23529, Rubber General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for physical test methods 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1382 and the following apply. 3.1 indentation hardness total force required to produce, un
34、der specified conditions, a specified indentation of a standard test piece NOTE Indentation hardness is expressed in newtons. 3.2 compressive deflection coefficient Sfratio of the 65 % indentation force deflection to the 25 % indentation force deflection 3.3 hysteresis loss rate Afenergy difference
35、between the loading and unloading of a test piece under cyclic deformation NOTE Hysteresis loss rate is expressed as a percentage of the loading energy. 4 Principle The forces required to produce specified indentations under specified conditions are measured. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Test machine. The test m
36、achine shall be capable of indenting the test piece between a supporting surface (5.2) and an indentor (5.3) having a uniform relative motion, in the vertical direction, of (100 20) mm/min. The test machine shall have means of measuring force in conformance with Class 1 of ISO 7500-1 or of measuring
37、 with a precision of 1 N, and of measuring the test piece thickness under load with a precision of 0,25 mm. The test machine for Method C and Method E shall have its force gauge fitted with a tell-tale needle and/or shall be equipped to make autographic load-indentation plots. The test machine shall
38、 also be capable of maintaining the specified degree of indentation with a precision of 0,25 mm for the specified period. 5.2 Supporting surface. Unless otherwise specified, the test pieces shall be supported on a smooth, flat, horizontal and rigid surface larger than the test piece and suitably ven
39、ted with holes approximately 6 mm in diameter and of approximately 20 mm pitch, to allow the escape of air from below the test piece. BS EN ISO 2439:2008ISO 2439:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 35.3 Indentor. The indentor shall be mounted preferably by a ball joint free from vertical movement,
40、although other methods of mounting are permitted. The indentor shall be flat and circular, with a diameter of 30200+mm and a 0,501,0+mm radius at the lower edge. The lower surface shall be smooth but not polished. 6 Test pieces 6.1 Shape and dimensions Material shall be cut to obtain a standard-size
41、 square of length of side 200380+mm, with a thickness of (50 2) mm. Sheets of less than this standard thickness shall be plied together to approximate as closely as possible to the standard thickness. Finished articles may be tested as agreed between purchaser and supplier. NOTE Results on plied mat
42、erial and on finished articles may not be the same as would be obtained with the standard test piece. 6.2 Samples showing orientation If samples show orientation of the cellular structure, the direction in which the indentation is to be carried out shall be agreed between the interested parties. Nor
43、mally, testing should be carried out in that direction in which the finished product will be stressed under service conditions. 6.3 Conditioning Material shall not be tested sooner than 72 h after manufacture, unless at either 16 h or 48 h after manufacture it can be demonstrated that the mean resul
44、t does not differ by more than 10 % from that obtained after 72 h. Testing is permitted at either 16 h or 48 h if, at the specified time, the above criterion has been satisfied. Prior to the test, the test pieces shall be conditioned, undeflected and undistorted, for at least 16 h in one of the foll
45、owing atmospheres, as given in ISO 23529. (23 2) C, (50 5) % relative humidity; (27 2) C, (65 5) % relative humidity. This conditioning period can form the latter part of the period following manufacture. In case of quality control tests, test pieces may be sampled at 12 h after manufacture or later
46、, and testing is permitted after conditioning for at least 6 h in one of the specified atmospheres. 7 Procedure 7.1 General Carry out the test immediately after conditioning, preferably under the same atmospheric conditions as specified in 6.3. NOTE See Annex A for assistance in understanding each t
47、est method. BS EN ISO 2439:2008ISO 2439:2008(E) 4 ISO 2008 All rights reservedPosition the test piece on the supporting surface so that the centre of the test piece, or other agreed test area, is located below the centre of the indentor. Test pieces having cavities on one side shall be placed with t
48、he cavity side next to the supporting surface. If a test piece has cavities, the acceptable characteristics of the cavities, such as quantity, dimensions and location in the test piece, should be agreed between purchaser and supplier. 7.2 Preliminary indentation for Methods A, B and C a) Apply a for
49、ce of 025N to the selected test area and measure the thickness of the test piece. This value is the point of zero indentation. b) Indent the test piece at an indentor rate of (100 20) mm/min, to produce an indentation of (70 2,5) % of the thickness. After reaching this deflection, release the load at the same rate. c) Repeat this loading and unloading twice more, then proceed with 7.3, 7.4 or 7.5 as appropriate. 7.3 Method A Determination of the 40 %/30 s indentation hardness index Imm
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