1、BRITISH STANDARD Metallic and other inorganic coatings Vickers and Knoop rnicrohardne s s te st s The European Standard EN IS0 45 16:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICs 25.220.40 BS EN IS0 45 16:2002 Incovorating Corrigendum No. I British Standards NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT
2、AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN IS0 45 16:2002 Amd. No. National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN IS0 4516:2002. It is identical with IS0 4516:2002. It supersedes BS 5411-6:1981 which is withdrawn. The UKparticipation in its preparation was entrusted
3、to Technical Committee STV37, Methods of test for metallic and related inorganic coatings including corrosion tests, which has the responsibility to: Date Comments This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Materials and Chemicals Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was
4、 published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 12 July 2002 14035 Corrigendum No. 1 - - aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK in
5、terests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. - A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cros s-r e ferenc es The British Standards which implement international or European publicati
6、ons referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisio
7、ns of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not ofitself confer immunity from legal obligations. 14 August 2002 replaced the EN IS0 foreword page and inserted the Annex ZApage Summary of pages This document compr
8、ises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN IS0 title page, the EN IS0 foreword page, the IS0 title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 12, the Annex ZA page and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. O BSI 14 August 2002 ISBN
9、O 580 40060 3 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN IS0 4516 June 2002 ICs 25.220.40 English version Metallic and other inorganic coatings - Vickers and Knoop microhardness tests (IS0 451 6:2002) Revtements mtalliques et autres revtements inorganiques - Essais de microduret Vickers et
10、 Knoop (IS0 4516:2002) Metallische und verwandte Schichten - Mikrohrteprfungen nach Vickers und Knoop (IS0 4516:2002) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 June 2002. CEN members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this Eur
11、opean Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English,
12、 French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,
13、Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION Management Centre: rue de Stassart
14、, 36 B-1050 Brussels O 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN IS0 4516:2002 E EN IS0 4516:2002 I CORRECTED 2002-07-31 I Foreword This document (IS0 4516:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107 “Metal
15、lic and other inorganic coatings“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 262 “Metallic and other inorganic coatings“, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorseme
16、nt, at the latest by December 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2002. According to the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
17、 Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IS0 4516:2002 has been approved by CEN as a European Sta
18、ndard without any modifications. NOTE Normative references to International Standards are listed in annex ZA (normative). EN IS0 4516:2002 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 451 6 Second edition 2002-06-1 5 Metallic and other inorganic coatings - Vickers and Knoop microhardness tests Revfemenfs mfalliques e
19、f aufres revfemenfs inorganiques - Essais de microduref Vickers ef Knoop Reference number IS0 451 6:2002(E) IS0 2002 EN IS0 4516:2002 11 EN IS0 4516:2002 Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Principle 1 4 Symbols and designations . 2 5 Apparatus 2 6 Factors affecting measur
20、ement accuracy . 5 7 Measuring procedure 9 8 Test report 11 Bibliograph y 12 . 1ll EN IS0 4516:2002 Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
21、carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the wo
22、rk. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare Inte
23、rnational Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of t
24、he elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. IS0 shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. IS0 451 6 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107, Mefallic and ofher inorganic coafings, Subcommittee SC 2, Tesf mefhods. This seco
25、nd edition cancels and replaces the first edition (IS0 451 6:1980), which has been technically revised. iv EN IS0 4516:2002 Metallic and other inorganic coatings - Vickers and Knoop microhardness tests 1 Scope This International Standard describes the application of the Vickers and Knoop micro-inden
26、tation tests for determining the microhardness of metallic and other inorganic coatings. This method is applicable where indenter forces generally need to be below 1 O N such as for electrodeposited coatings, autocatalytic coatings, sprayed coatings and anodic coatings on aluminium. It is applicable
27、 to measurements normal to the coated surface as described in 7.4 and to measurements on cross-sections as described in 7.3. NOTE 1 Attention is drawn to IS0 4545, IS0 6507-1, IS0 6507-2 and IS0 6507-3, which describe Knoop and Vickers hardness testing of metallic materials. Other International Stan
28、dards for instrumental indentation testing, the verification of microindentation testing instruments and for the verification of reference blocks to be used with such instruments are currently being developed (e.g. IS0 14577 Parts 1 to 4). NOTE 2 Usually for hardness measurements of coating test for
29、ces in the microhardness range in accordance with IS0 6507-1 are used. However, since the largest possible test force should be selected, test forces of the low force and hardness ranges may also be used. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through refe
30、rence in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of appl
31、ying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of IS0 and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IS0 1463, Mefallic and oxide coafings - Measuremen
32、f of coafing fhickness - Microscopical mefhod IS0 6507-1, Mefallic maferials - Vickers hardness fesf - Par 1: Tesf mefhod IS0 9002, Qualify sysfems - Model for qualify assurance in producfion, insfallafion and servicing 3 Principle A testing instrument slowly lowers an indenter vertically on to the
33、test surface and holds it there for a specified time under a specified load (see 6.2). The tolerance of the applied test force is within 1 % of that specified. An indenter is forced into the coating and the diagonal(s) of the indentation left in the surface after removal of the indenter is measured
34、using a microscope. The indenter is applied such that the resultant indentation does not contain artefacts of the loading apparatus or procedure but rather is characteristic of the coating. A number, known as the Vickers or Knoop hardness number, is derived from this measurement using the symbols an
35、d designations given in clause 4. 1 EN IS0 4516:2002 4 Symbols and designations Vickers and Knoop hardnesses are denoted respectively by the symbols HV and HK preceded by the hardness value and followed by: a) a number representing the test force (force in newtons multiplied by proportionality facto
36、r 0,102) (see Table 1); b) the application time of test force, in seconds, if different from the time specified in 6.3. EXAMPLE 1 15 s. 640 HV 0,l: Vickers hardness of 640 determined using a test force of 0,980 7 N applied for between 10 s and EXAMPLE 2 640 HK 0,1120: Knoop hardness of 640 determine
37、d using a test force of 0,980 7 N applied for 20 s. Table 1 -Symbols and designations Designation Vickers I Knoop Test force: N I Test force: N Arithmetic mean of the two separately measured diagonals d dl d2 2 Length of longer diagonal Vickers hardness number = (0,102 F)lAv = 189,l 1 O6 Fld2 Knoop
38、hardness number = (O, 102 F)IAK = 1 451,4 1 O6 Fld2 Sloping sutface area of indentation (contact area) I Projected area of the indentation Coating thickness I Coating thickness Standard deviation 2 s pny Standard deviation 2 s pny Number of measurements I Number of measurements - HV= HVIn - HK = HWn
39、 Coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation v looh 5 Apparatus 5.1 5.2 Indenters 5.2.1 Form and dimensions Testing instrument, to perform the task described in clause 3. 2 EN IS0 4516:2002 5.2.1.1 Vickers indenter The indenter consists of a diamond in the form of a right pyramid with a square
40、 base (see Figure 1). The angle at the vertex between opposite faces shall be 136“ 0,5“. This angle shall have been verified with a 2-circle goniometer of appropriate accuracy. The relation between the diagonals d, and d2 and the depth of the indentation, h, is approximately 7:l. The four faces shal
41、l be equally inclined to the axis of the indenter (within 0,5“) and shall meet at a point; any line of junction (offset) between two opposite faces shall not exceed 0,5 pm. The usual shape of the point is shown in Figure 2 as it would appear under high magnification. a a Offset Figure 1 - Vickers in
42、denter a Maximum offset 0,5 pm Figure 2 -Vickers indenter offset 5.2.1.2 Knoop indenter The indenter consists of a diamond tipped right pyramid with a rhomboid base (see Figure 3). The angles at the vertex shall be 172,5“ 0,3“ and 130 0,3“. These angles shall have been verified with a 2-circle gonio
43、meter of appropriate accuracy. The four faces shall be equally inclined to the axis of the indenter (within 0,5“) and shall meet at a point; any line of junction (offset) between two opposite faces shall not exceed 1 ,O pm. The usual shape of the point as it would appear under high magnification is
44、shown in Figure 4. The relation between the long diagonal and the depth of the indentation is approximately 30:l. 3 EN IS0 4516:2002 Figure 3 - Knoop indenter a b a Offset Maximum offset 1,0 pm Figure 4 - Knoop indenter offset 5.2.2 Surface characteristics The indenter faces shall be smooth and free
45、 from cracks or other imperfections or defects. The diamond shall be examined periodically. Any foreign materials shall be removed. The indenter shall be replaced if it is cracked, chipped or loose in its mounting. NOTE The diamond can be cleaned by pressing it into copper or steel of low hardness,
46、or by means of a suitable solvent not harmful to the equipment. The diamond can be examined using a scanning electron microscope or an optical microscope 4 EN IS0 4516:2002 with a numerical aperture greater than 0,85. Cracks and other imperfections or defects can sometimes be detected by examining t
47、he shape and symmetry of the indentation. Additional cleaning techniques may be provided by the manufacturer. 5.3 Hardness reference blocks The test blocks shall be cleaned immediately prior to use because frequently they are coated to prevent corrosion during storage. To verify the hardness testing
48、 instrument and the measurement, the measurement shall be compared with blocks, the hardness of which is close to the range of interest. Each block shall be of a material the grain size of which is small compared with the indentation size and shall have a known uniform hardness measured at a particu
49、lar test force specified by the calibrating authorities or the testing instrument manufacturer. The test force shall be within 25 % of that used in the actual tests. In addition: a) the block shall be calibrated to be within 5 % of the true hardness point to point; b) the test and support surfaces of the block shall be parallel to 0,000 5 mm/mm; c) the maximum deviation in flatness shall not exceed 5 pm; d) the test surface roughness RU shall not exceed 0,l pm; e) the block shall be demagnetized by the manufacturer and maintained in that state by the user The frequency of
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