EN ISO 772-2011 en Hydrometry - Vocabulary and symbols《流体比重测定 词汇和符号》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 772:2011Hydrometry Vocabulary andsymbols (ISO 772:2011)BS EN ISO 772:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 772:

2、2011. It supersedes BS EN ISO 772:2001 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CPI/113, Hydrometry.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include al

3、l the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 55217 5 ICS 01.040.17; 17.120.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standa

4、rds Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 772 August 2011 ICS 01.040.17; 17.120.20 Supersedes EN ISO 772:2000English Version Hydrometry - Vocabulary and symbols (ISO 772:

5、2011) Hydromtrie - Vocabulaire et symboles (ISO 772:2011) Hydrometrie - Begriffe und Zeichen (ISO 772:2011) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 July 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European St

6、andard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (Engl

7、ish, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,

8、Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE

9、 FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 772:2011: EBS EN ISO 772:2011EN ISO 77

10、2:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 772:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 113 “Hydrometry“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 318 “Hydrometry” the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, e

11、ither by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN

12、 and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 772:2000. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Aus

13、tria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

14、 Endorsement notice The text of ISO 772:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 772:2011 without any modification. BS EN ISO 772:2011ISO 772:2011(E/F) ISO 2011 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs iiiContents Page Foreword .v Introduction.vii Scope.1 Structure of the vocabulary.1 1 General terms

15、 1 2 Velocity-area methods31 3 Flow measurement structures .45 4 Dilution methods.62 5 Instruments and equipment .66 6 Sediment transport .86 7 Uncertainties in hydrometric determinations 98 8 Groundwater109 Alphabetical index142 French alphabetical index (Index alphabtique) .148 BS EN ISO 772:2011I

16、SO 772:2011(E/F) iv ISO 2011 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservsSommaire Page Avant-propos. vi Introduction . viii Domaine dapplication. 1 Structure du vocabulaire 1 1 Termes gnraux 1 2 Mthodes dexploration du champ des vitesses. 31 3 Structures de mesurage de lcoulement 45 4 Mthodes par dilution

17、 62 5 Instruments et quipements 66 6 Transport des sdiments. 86 7 Incertitudes des calculs hydromtriques 98 8 Eau souterraine. 109 Index alphabtique anglais (Alphabetical index) 142 Index alphabtique 148 BS EN ISO 772:2011ISO 772:2011(E/F) ISO 2011 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs vForeword IS

18、O (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical co

19、mmittee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electro

20、technical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the me

21、mber bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identif

22、ying any or all such patent rights. ISO 772 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 113, Hydrometry. This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 772:1996), which has been technically revised. It incorporates the Amendments ISO 772:1996/Amd.1:2002 and ISO 772:1996/Amd.2:2004. A

23、nnex A forms an integral part of this International Standard. BS EN ISO 772:2011ISO 772:2011(E/F) vi ISO 2011 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservsAvant-propos LISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fdration mondiale dorganismes nationaux de normalisation (comits membres de lIS

24、O). Llaboration des Normes internationales est en gnral confie aux comits techniques de lISO. Chaque comit membre intress par une tude a le droit de faire partie du comit technique cr cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec lISO partici

25、pent galement aux travaux. LISO collabore troitement avec la Commission lectrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation lectrotechnique. Les Normes internationales sont rdiges conformment aux rgles donnes dans les Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 2. La tche principale des comits t

26、echniques est dlaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes internationales adopts par les comits techniques sont soumis aux comits membres pour vote. Leur publication comme Normes internationales requiert lapprobation de 75 % au moins des comits membres votants. Lattention est appele s

27、ur le fait que certains des lments du prsent document peuvent faire lobjet de droits de proprit intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. LISO ne saurait tre tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifi de tels droits de proprit et averti de leur existence. LISO 772 a t labore par le comit technique

28、 ISO/TC 113, Hydromtrie. Cette cinquime dition annule et remplace la quatrime dition (ISO 772:1996), qui a fait lobjet dune rvision technique. Elle incorpore galement les Amendements ISO 772:1996/Amd.1:2002 et ISO 772:1996/Amd.2:2004. LAnnexe A fait partie intgrante de la prsente Norme international

29、e. BS EN ISO 772:2011ISO 772:2011(E/F) ISO 2011 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs viiIntroduction In the preparation of this International Standard, the following principles were adopted wherever possible: a) to standardize suitable terms and symbols without perpetuating unsuitable ones; b) to

30、discard any term or symbol with differing meanings in different countries, or for different people, or for the same person at different times, and to replace that term or symbol by one which has an unequivocal meaning; c) to exclude terms which are self-evident. As far as possible terms in existing

31、International Standards have been included; however, these terms may be the subject of future amendments. Note that similar or identical terms may have separate definitions under the different categories. It is recognized that it is not possible to produce a complete set of definitions which will be

32、 universally acceptable, but it is hoped that the definitions provided and the symbols used will find widespread acceptance and that their use will lead to better understanding of the practice of hydrometric determinations. BS EN ISO 772:2011ISO 772:2011(E/F) viii ISO 2011 All rights reserved/Tous d

33、roits rservsIntroduction Lors de llaboration de la prsente Norme internationale, les principes suivants ont t respects dans la mesure du possible: a) normaliser les termes et symboles adapts, en vitant de perptuer lutilisation de termes et symboles inadapts; b) rejeter tout terme ou symbole pouvant

34、avoir une signification diffrente selon les pays, les personnes ou les contextes et le remplacer par un terme ou symbole non quivoque; c) exclure les termes dont la signification est vidente. Dans la mesure du possible, les termes figurant dans des Normes internationales existantes sont inclus; tout

35、efois, ces termes peuvent faire lobjet de modifications ultrieures. Il est noter que des termes similaires ou identiques peuvent avoir des dfinitions spares dans les diffrentes catgories. Il est admis quil est impossible de produire un ensemble complet de dfinitions universellement acceptables; il e

36、st cependant souhait que les dfinitions fournies et les symboles employs seront largement adopts et que leur utilisation permettra une meilleure comprhension des pratiques de calcul hydromtrique. BS EN ISO 772:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 772:2011(E/F) ISO 2011 All rights rese

37、rved/Tous droits rservs 1Hydrometry Vocabulary and symbols Hydromtrie Vocabulaire et symboles Scope Domaine dapplication This International Standard gives terms, definitions and symbols used in standards in the field of hydrometry. La prsente Norme internationale fournit les termes, dfinitions et sy

38、mboles utiliss dans les normes couvrant le domaine de lhydromtrie. Structure of the vocabulary Structure du vocabulaire The terminology entries are presented in systematic order, grouped into sections according to particular methods of determination or in relation to particular subjects. Annex A lis

39、ts the symbols used in this International Standard. The structure of each entry is in accordance with ISO 10241. Country codes are in accordance with ISO 3166-1. Les entres terminologiques sont prsentes selon un ordre systmatique et regroupes en sections en fonction de mthodes de calculs ou de thmes

40、 spcifiques. LAnnexe A tablit la liste des symboles utiliss dans la prsente Norme internationale. La structure de chaque entre est conforme lISO 10241. Les codes de pays sont conformes lISO 3166-1. 1 General terms 1 Termes gnraux 1.1 liquid flow movement of a volume of a substance that is neither a

41、solid nor a gas, that is practically incompressible, that offers insignificant resistance to change of shape and that flows freely EXAMPLE Water or water with sediment. 1.1 coulement dun liquide mouvement dun volume dune substance ni solide ni gazeuse, pratiquement incompressible, qui offre une faib

42、le rsistance un changement de forme et scoule librement EXEMPLE Eau ou eau avec sdiments. 1.2 flow regime state of flow in alluvial streams characterized by a bed configuration of ripples, dunes (lower regime), plane bed (transition), standing waves and antidunes (upper regime) NOTE The lower-regime

43、 flow is subcritical; the upper-regime flow is supercritical. 1.2 rgime dcoulement tat de lcoulement dans un cours deau alluvial dont le lit est caractris par des rides de fond, des dunes (rgime infrieur), un fond plat (transition), des ondes stationnaires et des antidunes (rgime suprieur) NOTE Le r

44、gime dcoulement infrieur est sous-critique; le rgime dcoulement suprieur est surcritique.BS EN ISO 772:2011ISO 772:2011(E/F) 2 ISO 2011 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs1.3 steady flow condition in which the discharge does not change in magnitude with respect to time 1.3 coulement stable tat da

45、ns lequel le dbit ne varie pas en intensit dans le temps 1.4 unsteady flow condition in which the discharge changes in magnitude with respect to time 1.4 coulement instable tat dans lequel le dbit varie en intensit dans le temps 1.5 uniform flow flow, in an open channel, in which the depth and veloc

46、ity remain constant along the open channel NOTE For uniform flow, the velocity vector is constant along every stream line. Uniform flow is possible only in an open channel of constant slope and cross section. 1.5 coulement uniforme dans un chenal ouvert, coulement caractris par une profondeur et une

47、 vitesse constantes tout au long du chenal NOTE Dans un coulement uniforme, le vecteur vitesse est constant le long de toutes les lignes de courant. Un coulement uniforme nest possible que dans un chenal ouvert prsentant une pente et une section transversale constantes. 1.6 critical flow flow, in an

48、 open channel, in which the specific energy is a minimum for a given discharge NOTE Under this condition, the Froude number is equal to unity and small surface disturbances cannot travel upstream. 1.6 coulement critique dans un chenal ouvert, nergie dcoulement minimale pour un dbit donn NOTE Dans ce

49、tte situation, le nombre de Froude est gal lunit et les petites perturbations en surface ne peuvent pas remonter le courant. 1.7 subcritical flow flow in an open channel at less than critical velocity, that has a Froude number of less than unity, and in which small surface disturbances can travel upstream 1.7 coulement sous-cri