1、BRITISH STANDARD Ergonomics of the thermal environment Instruments for o i o i measuring physical quantities The European Standard EN IS0 7726:2001 has the status ofa British Standard ICs 13.180 BS EN IS0 7726:2001 Incorporating Corrigendum No. I Wk present to the responsible international/European
2、committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. - A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. C
3、r oss-r e fer enc e s The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards
4、Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. 20 February 2002 Ad
5、dition of supersession details Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN IS0 title page, the EN IS0 foreword page, the IS0 title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 5 1, the annex ZA page, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displaye
6、d in this document indicates when the document was last issued. This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Health and Environments Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 06 November 2001 O
7、BSI 20 February 2002 ISBN O 580 3865 1 I EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN IS0 7726 July 2001 ICs 13.180 Supersedes EN 27726:1993 English version Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Instruments for measuring physical quantities (IS0 7726:1998) Ergonomie des ambiances thermique
8、s - Appareils de mesure des grandeurs physiques (IS0 7726:1998) Umgebungsklima - Instrumente zur Messung physikalischer Gren (IS0 7726:1998) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 May 2001. CEN members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditi
9、ons for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three offi
10、cial versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Be
11、lgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION Management Centre:
12、 rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels O 2001 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN IS0 7726:2001 E EN IS0 7726:2001 Foreword The text of the International Standard from Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics“ of the In
13、ternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) has been taken over as an European Standard by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard replaces EN 27726:1993. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standa
14、rd, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2002. According to the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are
15、bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IS0
16、 7726:1998 has been approved by CEN as a European Standard without any modification. NOTE: Normative references to International Standards are listed in annex ZA (normative). EN IS0 7726:2001 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 7726 Second edition 1998-1 1-01 Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Instrumen
17、ts for measuring physical q uant i t es Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques -Appareils de mesure des grandeurs physiques Reference number IS0 7726:1998(E) EN IS0 7726:2001 Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative reference 1 3 General . . 1 4 Measuring instruments 2 5 Specifications relating to measurin
18、g methods . 5 Annex A Measurement of air temperature . 12 Annex B Measurement of the mean radiant temperature 14 Annex C Measurement of plane radiant temperature 28 Annex D Measurement of the absolute humidity of the air 35 Annex E Measurement of air velocity . 45 Annex F Measurement of surface temp
19、erature . 48 Annex G Measurement of operative temperature 49 Annex H Bibliography . 51 II EN IS0 7726:2001 Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is no
20、rmally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non- governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part i
21、n the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard
22、 requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 7726 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 5, Ergonomics of the physical environment. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (IS0 7726:1985),
23、of which it constitutes a technical revision. Annexes A to H of this International Standard are for information only. . 111 EN IS0 7726:2001 I nt rod u cti on This document is one of a series of International Standards intended for use in the study of thermal environments. This series of Internation
24、al Standards deals in particular with - the finalization of definitions for the terms to be used in the methods of measurement, testing or interpretation, taking into account standards already in existence or in the process of being drafted; - the laying down of specifications relating to the method
25、s for measuring the physical quantities which characterize thermal environments; - the selection of one or more methods for interpreting the parameters; - the specification of recommended values or limits of exposure for the thermal environments coming within the comfort range and for extreme enviro
26、nments (both hot and cold); - the specification of methods for measuring the efficiency of devices or processes for personal or collective protection from heat or cold. Any measuring instrument which achieves the accuracy indicated in this International Standard, or even better improves on, may be u
27、sed. The description or listing of certain instruments in the annexes can only signify that they are “recommended“, since characteristics of these instruments may vary according to the measuring principle, their construction and the way in which they are used. It is up to users to compare the qualit
28、y of the instruments available on the market at any given moment and to check that they conform to the specifications contained in this International Standard. iv EN IS0 7726:2001 Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Instruments for measuring physical quantities 1 Scope This International Standar
29、d specifies the minimum characteristics of instruments for measuring physical quantities characterizing an environment as well as the methods for measuring the physical quantities of this environment. It does not aim to define an overall index of comfort or thermal stress but simply to standardize t
30、he process of recording information leading to the determination of such indices. Other International Standards give details of the methods making use of the information obtained in accordance with this standard. This International Standard is used as a reference when establishing a) specifications
31、for manufacturers and users of instruments for measuring the physical quantities of the environment; b) a written contract between two parties for the measurement of these quantities. It applies to the influence of hot, moderate, comfortable or cold environments on people. 2 Normative reference The
32、following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are e
33、ncouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members of IS0 and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IS0 7730:1994, Moderate thermal environments - Determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specificatio
34、n of the conditions for thermal comfort. 3 General 3.1 Comfort standard and stress standard The specifications and methods contained in this International Standard have been divided into two classes according to the extent of the thermal annoyance to be assessed. The type C specifications and method
35、s relate to measurements carried out in moderate environments approaching comfort conditions (comfort standard). The type S specifications and methods relate to measurements carried out in environments subject to a greater thermal stress or even environments of extreme thermal stress (heat stress st
36、andard). The specifications and methods described for each of these classes have been determined bearing in mind the practical possibilities of in situ measurements and the performances of measuring instruments available at present. 1 EN IS0 7726:2001 3.2 Physical quantities characterizing the envir
37、onment 3.2.1 Introduction The determination of overall indices of comfort or thermal stress requires knowledge of physical quantities connected with the environment. These quantities can be divided into two categories according to their degree of dependence on the environment. 3.2.2 Basic physical q
38、uantities Each of the basic physical quantities characterizes one of the factors of the environment independently of the others. They are often used to define the indices of comfort or thermal stress based on the rationalization of the establishment of the thermal balance of a person placed in a giv
39、en thermal environment. These quantities are as follows: a) b) air temperature, expressed in kelvins (Ta) or in degrees Celsius (ta); mean radiant temperature expressed in kelvins (E), or in degrees Celsius (fr) plane radiant temperature expressed in kelvins (Tpr) or in degrees Celsius (tpr) direct
40、radiation expressed in watts per square metre; c) absolute humidity of the air, expressed by partial vapour pressure ba) in kilopascals; d) air velocity (va), expressed in metres per second; e) surface temperature, expressed in kelvins (Ts), or in degrees Celsius (is). The connections between these
41、quantities and the various gains and losses of heat in relation to the human body are shown in table 1. Table 1 also gives four other quantities which, because they are usually estimated from data tables rather than measured. are not included in the remainder of this International Standard. NOTE - T
42、he concept of mean radiant temperature allows the study of radiative exchanges between man and his environment. It presupposes that the effects on man of the actual environment which is generally heterogeneous and the virtual environment which is defined as homogeneous are identical. When this hypot
43、hesis is not valid, in particular in the case of asymmetric radiation, the radiation exchanges arising from thermally different regions and the extent of their effect on man should also be assessed using the concept of plane radiant temperature. 3.2.3 Derived physical quantities The derived physical
44、 quantities characterize a group of factors of the environment, weighted according to the characteristics of the sensors used. They are often used to define an empirical index of comfort or thermal stress without having recourse to a rational method based on estimates of the various forms of heat ex
45、changes between the human body and the thermal environments, and of the resulting thermal balance and physiological strain. Some derived quantities are described in the specific standards as they apply and where measuring requirements are included . 4 Measuring instruments 4.1 Measured quantities 4.
46、1.1 The air temperature is the temperature of the air around the human body (see annex A). 4.1.2 The mean radiant temperature is the uniform temperature of an imaginary enclosure in which radiant heat transfer from the human body is equal to the radiant heat transfer in the actual non-uniform enclos
47、ure. The mean radiant temperature can be measured by instruments which allow the generally heterogeneous radiation from the walls of an actual enclosure to be “integrated“ into a mean value (see annex B). The black globe thermometer is a device frequently used in order to derive an approximate value
48、 of the mean radiant temperature from the observed simultaneous values of the globe temperature, tg, and the temperature and the velocity of the air surrounding the globe. 2 EN IS0 7726:2001 The accuracy of measurement of the mean radiant temperature obtained using this appliance varies considerably
49、 according to the type of environment being considered and the accuracy of measurement of the temperatures of the globe and the air and the velocity of the air. The actual measuring accuracy shall be indicated wherever it exceeds the tolerances specified in this International Standard. The mean radiant temperature is defined in relation to the human body. The spherical shape of the globe thermometer can give a reasonable approximation of the shape of the body in the case of a seated person. An ellipsoid-shaped sensor gives a closer approximation to the human shape both in t
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