1、BS EN ISO8254-1:2009ICS 85.060NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDPaper and board Measurement ofspecular glossPart 1: 75 degree gloss with aconverging beam, TAPPI method (ISO8254-1:2009)This British Standardwas published under theauthority of the Sta
2、ndardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 30 April2009. BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 55163 5Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN ISO 8254-1:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 8254-1:2009. It supersedes BS EN ISO 8254-1:2003which is withdra
3、wn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
4、of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 8254-1February 2009ICS 85.060 Supersedes EN ISO 8254-1:2003 English VersionPaper and board - Measurem
5、ent of specular gloss - Part 1: 75degree gloss with a converging beam, TAPPI method (ISO8254-1:2009)Papiers et cartons - Mesurage du brillant spculaire - Partie1: Brillant 75 degrs avec un faisceau convergent,mthode TAPPI (ISO 8254-1:2009)Papier und Pappe - Bestimmung des Spiegelglanzes - Teil1: Mes
6、sung mit einem konvergierenden Strahl bei 75 ,TAPPI-Verfahren (ISO 8254-1:2009)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 February 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a natio
7、nal standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any
8、 other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estoni
9、a, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES
10、 KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 8254-1:2009: EBS EN ISO 8254-1:2009EN ISO 8254-1:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 8254-1:2009)
11、has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6 “Paper, board and pulps“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 172 “Pulp, paper and board”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an ident
12、ical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held re
13、sponsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 8254-1:2003. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus,
14、Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 8254-1
15、:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 8254-1:2009 without any modification. BS EN ISO 8254-1:2009ISO 8254-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Principle. 2 5 Apparatus 3 6 Sampling
16、4 7 Preparation of test pieces 4 8 Calibration of the instrument. 5 9 Procedure 5 10 Precision 5 11 Test report . 6 Annex A (normative) Specification of the optical system of the gloss meter . 7 Bibliography . 10 BS EN ISO 8254-1:2009ISO 8254-1:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (th
17、e International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committ
18、ee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechn
19、ical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member
20、bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying
21、any or all such patent rights. ISO 8254-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8254-1:1999). It has been technically revised, in part to harmonize the wavelength specified in 5.2.1 with that specified in
22、 ISO 8254-2:2003 and ISO 8254-3:2004. The reference wavelength defining the high-gloss reference standard has been changed from 589,26 nm (sodium D line) to 587,56 nm (helium d line), but this change has a negligible effect on the measured specular gloss value. ISO 8254 consists of the following par
23、ts, under the general title Paper and board Determination of specular gloss: Part 1: 75 gloss with a converging beam, TAPPI method Part 2: 75 gloss with a parallel beam, DIN method Part 3: 20 gloss with a converging beam, TAPPI method BS EN ISO 8254-1:2009ISO 8254-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reser
24、ved vIntroduction This part of ISO 8254 deals with the assessment of the “gloss” of a paper or board surface by determining an optical property called the “specular gloss” which is here defined in terms of a measurement made at 75 using a converging beam geometry, commonly known as the TAPPI method
25、and described in TAPPI 480 om-921. Other parts of this International Standard deal with measurements made at 75 using a collimated beam geometry known as the DIN method, and with measurements made at 20. Gloss results are greatly dependent on the angle of measurement and on the type of incident beam
26、 (converging or collimated), so conditions of measurement shall be carefully defined. The definition of gloss (3.1) relates to a mode of visual perception, whereas the method described uses a physical measurement of mixed regular and diffuse reflection. The exact correlation between the visual perce
27、ption and the scale established by the physical measurement is not known. However, this physical gloss scale has proved to be useful for a number of technical applications and consequently its standardization is justified. BS EN ISO 8254-1:2009BS EN ISO 8254-1:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8254-1:2
28、009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Paper and board Measurement of specular gloss Part 1: 75 gloss with a converging beam, TAPPI method 1 Scope This part of ISO 8254 specifies a method for measuring the specular gloss of paper at an angle of 75 to the normal to the paper surface. Although its chief
29、 application is to coated papers, it may also be used for glossy uncoated papers such as supercalendered papers. NOTE 1 This method does not provide an assessment of image-reflecting quality and should not be used for cast-coated, lacquered, highly varnished or waxed papers or for high-gloss ink fil
30、ms. For these purposes, measurements at other angles, for example 20, are preferred, although the present method has been shown to be suitable for gloss measurements of most other ink films on paper or paperboard. Differences in the colour and the diffuse reflectances of these ink films have a negli
31、gible effect on gloss measured according to this part of ISO 8254. For example, measurements on white and black surfaces which are otherwise identical give a value for the white surface that is less than one gloss unit higher than the value for the black surface. NOTE 2 The methods specified in ISO
32、2813, Paints and varnishes Determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20, 60 and 85, may be applicable to certain grades of paper. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edit
33、ion cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average quality ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring th
34、e atmosphere and conditioning of samples 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 gloss mode of appearance by which reflected highlights of objects are perceived as superimposed on the surface due to the directionally selective propert
35、ies of that surface CIE Publication No. 17.4:1987, definition 845.04.735 3.2 regular reflection reflection at the specular angle in accordance with the laws of geometrical optics, without diffusion CIE Publication No. 17.4:1987, definition 845.04.455 BS EN ISO 8254-1:2009ISO 8254-1:2009(E) 2 ISO 200
36、9 All rights reserved3.3 diffuse reflection diffusion by reflection in which, on the macroscopic scale, there is no regular reflection CIE Publication No. 17.4:1987, definition 845.04.475 3.4 specular angle angle with respect to the normal to the surface, equal and opposite to and in the same plane
37、as the angle of incidence 3.5 reflectometer instrument for measuring quantities pertaining to the reception of reflected light 3.6 indicatrix angular distribution of the reflected light 3.7 reflectometer value measured variable which, for a given angle of incidence, is proportional to the integral o
38、f the reflection indicatrix within a defined solid angle and is equal to 100 times the ratio of the value obtained for the sample to that of a defined standard specularly reflecting surface NOTE The value of 100 is a scale factor, since the defined specularly reflecting surface has an assigned refle
39、ctometer value of 100. It does not mean that the value is a percentage. 3.8 specular gloss gloss observed or measured at the specular angle 3.9 specular gloss value value equal to the reflectometer value measured in a reflectometer having the geometrical characteristics defined in Annex A and calibr
40、ated with respect to a defined primary gloss standard having the values specified in 5.2.1 NOTE 1 The specular gloss value is thus equal to 100 times the ratio of the luminous flux reflected by the test surface into a specified aperture at the specular angle to that from a standard specularly reflec
41、ting surface under the same conditions of illumination. NOTE 2 The specular gloss value is a dimensionless quantity and is not a percentage. 4 Principle Light incident on the test piece surface at an angle of 75 to the normal and reflected from the surface at an angle of 75 from the normal into a de
42、fined aperture is detected by a photodetector, the output of which is displayed. BS EN ISO 8254-1:2009ISO 8254-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 35 Apparatus 5.1 Gloss meter, i.e. a reflectometer having the general arrangement and relative dimensions of the principal parts as described in Annex
43、 A. It shall consist of: a) a source of light; b) a lens giving a converging beam of light incident to the test piece; c) a suitable device such as a suction plate to hold the test piece flat, if required; d) a photodetector to receive and measure light reflected by the test piece under conditions s
44、pecified in Annex A. These components are combined in a light-tight housing that is matt black inside and is structurally and optically stable at the operating temperature. 5.2 Gloss standards, consisting of the following. 5.2.1 Primary gloss standard. The theoretical primary specular gloss standard
45、 is an ideal, completely reflecting plane mirror having an assigned gloss value of 384,4 gloss units. A black glass which is flat and clean and has a polished surface, having a refractive index of 1,540 at 587,56 nm (the helium d line), may be shown by the Fresnel equation 3to measure 100 gloss unit
46、s on this scale. 5.2.2 High-gloss reference standard, consisting of a clean plaque of polished black glass for which the 75 specular reflectance has been computed from its refractive index as measured at a wavelength of 587,56 nm. If the refractive index differs from 1,540, the gloss value, G, shall
47、 be calculated as: G = 100 K (1) where ()()()()()()()()()220,5 0,5222 220,5 0,5222 2220,5 0,5222 220,5 0,222 22cos sin sin coscos sin sin cos,1,540 cos 1,540 sin 1,540 sin cos1,540 cos 1,540 sin 1,540 sinnn nnn nKn + += + 25cos + (2) where n is the refractive index of the glass; is the angle of inci
48、dence. When = 75, the equation reduces to: ()()()()()220,5 0,522 20,5 0,522 20,2588 0,933 0,933 0,2588,75 1,9220,2588 0,933 0,933 0,2588nn nKnnn n = + +(3) BS EN ISO 8254-1:2009ISO 8254-1:2009(E) 4 ISO 2009 All rights reservedNOTE If the refractive index is known, the gloss value may be calculated b
49、y adding or subtracting from 100,0 a value of 0,067 for each 0,001 departure of the refractive index from the standard value of 1,540. For example, for a glass of refractive index 1,523, the assigned value would be 0,067(1,540 )1000,001nG= G = 67n 3,2 G = 98,9 (4) These methods are however valid only for refractive index values between 1,50 and 1,54. They are not applicable to quartz standards f
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