EN ISO 945-1-2018 en Microstructure of cast irons - Part 1 Graphite classification by visual analysis.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Microstructure of cast ironsPart 1: Graphite classification by visual analysis (ISO 945-1:2017)BS EN ISO 945-1:2018National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 945-1:2018. It is identical to

2、 ISO 945-1:2017. It supersedes BS EN ISO 945-1:2008, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ISE/111, Steel Castings and Forgings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication

3、 does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 88976 9ICS 77.140.80; 77.080.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer imm

4、unity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 945-1:2018EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN

5、ISO 945-1February 2018ICS 77.080.10 Supersedes EN ISO 945-1:2008EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGCEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2018 CEN Ref. No. EN ISO 945-1:2018: EAll rights of exploitation in any f

6、orm and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national MembersMicrostructure of cast irons - Part 1: Graphite classification by visual analysis (ISO 945-1:2017)Microstructure des fontes - Partie 1: Classification du graphite par analyse visuelle (ISO 945-1:2017)Mikrostruktur von Gusseisen - Teil 1

7、: Graphitklassifizierung durch visuelle Auswertung (ISO 945-1:2017)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 December 2017.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standar

8、d without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any o

9、ther language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic

10、, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.Engli

11、sh VersionEN ISO 945-1:2018 (E)European forewordThis document (EN ISO 945-1:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 25 “Cast irons and pig irons” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 “Foundry technology” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard sha

12、ll be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2018.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this docume

13、nt may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.This document supersedes EN ISO 945-1:2008.According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement

14、 this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Ser

15、bia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.Endorsement noticeThe text of ISO 945-1:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 945-1:2018 without any modification.2BS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:2017Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope .12 Normative references 13 Terms

16、 and definitions .14 General 14.1 Designation system for classifying graphite in cast irons 14.2 Form .24.3 Distribution 34.4 Size 44.5 Visual classification of graphite .235 Sampling and sample preparation .235.1 Samples taken from a casting 235.2 Sample preparation .236 Procedure for graphite clas

17、sification 236.1 Procedure for visual classification of graphite .236.2 Evaluation of the analysis results 247 Reference images 247.1 General 247.2 Reference images for graphite form 247.3 Reference images for the distribution of graphite (form I) .247.4 Reference images for graphite size .248 Desig

18、nation of graphite by form, distribution and size 258.1 Designation system 258.2 Designation of different graphite sizes within a casting 258.3 Designation of mixed graphite forms, distributions and sizes .268.4 Designation of unclassified graphite forms .268.5 Nodule count 269 Report .27Annex A (in

19、formative) Typical graphite forms in cast-iron materials Examples of photomicrographs .28Annex B (informative) Distribution of flake (lamellar) graphite (form I) Examples of photomicrographs .29Annex C (informative) Common terminology and main occurrences concerning graphite in cast irons 30Bibliogr

20、aphy .32 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:2017ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out t

21、hrough ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO colla

22、borates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approva

23、l criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subj

24、ect of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade

25、 name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherenc

26、e to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 25, Cast irons and pig irons.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 945-1

27、:2008), which has been technically revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO 945-1:2008/Cor.1:2010. Figures 3, 4 and 5 have been corrected to a diameter of 120 mm to allow a direct comparison with the microscope display screen.A list of all the parts in the ISO 945 series can be fo

28、und on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:2017IntroductionMicrostructure designation is a useful feature that provides a means of classifying the graphite form, distribution and size in cast irons.Graphite classification by visual analysis is a well-establis

29、hed method which is well recognized within the foundry industry as a means of quickly determining the overall graphite microstructure of a cast iron casting. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 945-1:2018This page deliberately left blankMicrostructure of cast irons Part 1: Graphite classificatio

30、n by visual analysis (ISO 945-1:2017)1 ScopeThis document specifies a method of classifying the microstructure of graphite in cast irons by comparative visual analysis.The purpose of this document is to provide information about the method of graphite classification. It is not intended to give infor

31、mation on the suitability of cast-iron types and grades for any particular application.The particular material grades are specified mainly by mechanical properties and, in the case of austenitic and abrasion resistant cast irons, by their chemical composition. The interpretation of graphite form and

32、 size does not allow a statistically valid statement on the fulfilment of the requirements specified in the relevant material standard.2 Normative referencesThere are no normative references in this document.3 Terms and definitionsNo terms and definitions are listed in this document.ISO and IEC main

33、tain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp4 General4.1 Designation system for classifying graphite in cast ironsWhen cast iron materia

34、ls are examined under a microscope in accordance with this document, the graphite shall be classified by the following:a) its form, designated by Roman numbers I to VI (see Figure 1 and Annex A);b) its distribution, designated by capital letters A to E (see Figure 2 and Annex B); the graphite distri

35、bution designation is only specified for grey cast irons (form I);c) its size, designated by numbers 1 to 8 (see Figures 3, 4 and 5 and Table 1).NOTE Figures 1 to 5 show only the outlines and not the structure of the graphite.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 945-1:2017 ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS EN

36、ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:20174.2 FormMagnification 100Figure 1 Reference images for principal graphite forms in cast irons2 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:20174.3 DistributionMagnification 100Figure 2 Reference images for graphite distribution (form I) ISO 2017 All rights r

37、eserved 3BS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:20174.4 SizeMagnification 100100m a) Reference image for graphite size 1: 1 mm (form I)4 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:2017Magnification 100100m b) Reference image for graphite size 2: 0,5 mm to 1 mm (form I) ISO 2017 All rights rese

38、rved 5BS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:2017Magnification 100100m c) Reference image for graphite size 3: 0,25 mm to 0,5 mm (form I)6 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:2017Magnification 100100m d) Reference image for graphite size 4: 0,12 mm to 0,25 mm (form I) ISO 2017 All right

39、s reserved 7BS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:2017Magnification 100100m e) Reference image for graphite size 5: 0,06 mm to 0,12 mm (form I)8 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:2017Magnification 100100m f) Reference image for graphite size 6: 0,03 mm to 0,06 mm (form I) ISO 2017 Al

40、l rights reserved 9BS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:2017Magnification 100100m g) Reference image for graphite size 7: 0,015 mm to 0,03 mm (form I)10 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:2017Magnification 100100m h) Reference image for graphite size 8: 0,015 mm (form I)Figure 3 Refe

41、rence images for graphite sizes for form I ISO 2017 All rights reserved 11BS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:2017Magnification 100100m a) Reference image for graphite size 3: 0,25 mm to 0,5 mm (forms IV to VI)12 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:2017Magnification 100100m b) Refere

42、nce image for graphite size 4: 0,12 mm to 0,25 mm (forms IV to VI) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 13BS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:2017Magnification 100100m c) Reference image for graphite size 5: 0,06 mm to 0,12 mm (forms IV to VI)14 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:2017Magnif

43、ication 100100m d) Reference image for graphite size 6: 0,03 mm to 0,06 mm (forms IV to VI) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 15BS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:2017Magnification 100100m e) Reference image for graphite size 7: 0,015 mm to 0,03 mm (forms IV to VI)16 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 945-

44、1:2018ISO 945-1:2017Magnification 100100m f) Reference image for graphite size 8: 0,015 mm (forms IV to VI)Figure 4 Reference images for graphite sizes for forms IV to VI ISO 2017 All rights reserved 17BS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:2017Magnification 100a) Reference image for graphite size 3: 0,25 mm

45、 to 0,5 mm (form III)18 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:2017Magnification 100b) Reference image for graphite size 4: 0,12 mm to 0,25 mm (form III) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 19BS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:2017Magnification 100c) Reference image for graphite size 5: 0,06

46、mm to 0,12 mm (form III)20 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:2017Magnification 100d) Reference image for graphite size 6: 0,03 mm to 0,06 mm (form III) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 21BS EN ISO 945-1:2018ISO 945-1:2017Magnification 100e) Reference image for graphite size 7: 0,015 mm to 0,03 mm (form III)Figure 5 Reference images for graphite sizes for form III22 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 945-1:2018