1、BS EN ISO9920:2009ICS 13.180; 61.020NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDErgonomics of thethermal environment Estimation ofthermal insulationand water vapourresistance of aclothing ensemble (ISO9920:2007, Correctedversion 2008-11-01)This British Stand
2、ard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January2010 BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 67118 0Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN ISO 9920:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 9920:2009. It i
3、s identical to ISO 9920:2007, corrected version 2008-11-01. It supersedes BS EN ISO 9920:2007 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PH/9/1, Thermal environments.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request
4、to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 9920June
5、2009ICS 13.180; 61.020 Supersedes EN ISO 9920:2007 English VersionErgonomics of the thermal environment - Estimation of thermalinsulation and water vapour resistance of a clothing ensemble(ISO 9920:2007, Corrected version 2008-11-01)Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques - Dtermination delisolement ther
6、mique et de la rsistance lvaporationdune tenue vestimentaire (ISO 9920:2007, Version corrig2008-11-01)Ergnomie der thermischen Umgebung - Abschtzung derWrmeisolation und des Verdunstungswiderstandes einerBekleidungskombination (ISO 9920:2007, KorrigierteFassung 2008-11-01)This European Standard was
7、approved by CEN on 16 May 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationals
8、tandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified
9、 to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Ne
10、therlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in
11、 any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 9920:2009: EBS EN ISO 9920:2009EN ISO 9920:2009 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 9920:2007, corrected version 2008-11-01 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics” of the International Organizat
12、ion for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 9920:2009 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at
13、the latest by December 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying an
14、y or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 9920:2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Eston
15、ia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 9920:2007, corrected version 2008-11
16、-01 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 9920:2009 without any modification. ISO 9920:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword. v Introduction . vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Terms and definitions. 1 3 Application of this International Standard . 5 4 Estimation of thermal insulation of clot
17、hing ensemble based on tables and with values measured on a standing thermal manikin 7 4.1 General. 7 4.2 Insulation values of complete ensembles 8 4.3 Ensemble thermal insulation values based on individual garments 8 4.4 Complete ensemble insulation corrected for small differences in composition .
18、8 4.5 Calculation of thermal insulation for clothing ensembles . 9 4.6 Calculation of thermal insulation for individual garments. 9 5 Estimation of clothing area factor. 10 6 Estimation of surface (or boundary) air layer insulation 10 7 Estimation of water vapour resistance. 12 7.1 General. 12 7.2 E
19、stimation of vapour resistance of clothing ensembles based on tables with values measured on standing thermal manikin. 12 7.3 Estimation of vapour resistance of clothing ensemble based on its relation with dry heat resistance 12 8 Influence of body movement and air movement on the thermal insulation
20、 and vapour resistance of a clothing ensemble 13 8.1 General. 13 8.2 Correction of clothing insulation 13 8.3 Correction of clothing vapour resistance 18 8.4 Activities other than walking . 20 8.5 Relative air velocity 20 9 Other factors influencing clothing insulation 22 9.1 General. 22 9.2 Posture
21、. 22 9.3 Effect of seats . 22 9.4 Effect of pressure . 22 9.5 Wetting. 22 9.6 Washing . 22 Annex A (normative) Thermal insulation values for clothing ensembles 23 Annex B (normative) Thermal insulation values for individual garments 46 Annex C (normative) Vapour permeability index values for clothin
22、g ensembles. 73 Annex D (informative) Measurement of thermal insulation and water vapour resistance of clothing ensembles on a thermal manikin 88 Annex E (informative) Measurement of thermal insulation and water vapour resistance of a clothing ensemble on human subjects 94 Annex F (informative) Diff
23、erent expressions for the thermal insulation of clothing. 96 Annex G (informative) Estimation of the heat exchanges for reflective clothing 98 BS EN ISO 9920:2009ISO 9920:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reservedAnnex H (informative) Guidance on the determination of the covered body surface area. 100
24、Bibliography . 102 BS EN ISO 9920:2009ISO 9920:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out thr
25、ough ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collabo
26、rates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Stand
27、ards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of
28、this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 9920 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 5, Ergonomics of the physical environment. This second edition cancels and replaces
29、 the first edition (ISO 9920:1995), which has been technically revised. It includes major changes to the sections on clothing vapour resistance as well as those dealing with the effects of air movement and body motion on clothing insulation and vapour resistance. This corrected version of ISO 9920:2
30、007 incorporates the following corrections. A value and a symbol missing from Equation (38) have been reinstated. In Equation (15), the multiplication symbol has been substituted for an (incorrect) asterisk. In Figure A.1, traditional Korean garments erroneously captioned “China” and “Sokchina” have
31、 been corrected to read Chima and Sokchima. In Equation (F.8), the subscript of the second representation of “Icl” has been changed to Icli. In the description of symbol H given with Equation (F.1), the minus sign missing from the superscript attached to the unit Wm2 has been inserted. “Mean skin te
32、mperature”, given as the description for clt with Equation (G.6), has been corrected to “mean outer clothing surface temperature”. In a number of instances, “weight” has been changed to the accepted ISO term, mass. Values in Table A.2, No. 134 for Icl andIT have been corrected. Introductory text sim
33、ilar to that present in the first edition has been reinstated in Annex A, and a new introductory text has been added to Annex C. Some minor editorial corrections and additions have been made. BS EN ISO 9920:2009ISO 9920:2007(E) vi ISO 2007 All rights reservedIntroduction This International Standard
34、is one of a series of International Standards intended for use in the study of thermal environments. It is a basic document for evaluation of the thermal characteristics of a clothing ensemble (thermal insulation and water vapour resistance). It is necessary to know these values when evaluating the
35、thermal stress or degree of comfort provided by the physical environment according to standardized methods. The thermal characteristics determined in this International Standard are values for steady-state conditions. Properties like “buffering”, adsorption of water and similar are not dealt with. T
36、he emphasis in this International Standard is on the estimation of the thermal characteristics. The heat and vapour resistance may also be measured directly, and this is discussed in the annexes. This International Standard does not deal with the local thermal insulation on different body parts, nor
37、 the discomfort due to a non-uniform distribution of the clothing on the body. Mans thermal balance in neutral, cold and warm environments is influenced by the clothing worn. For evaluating the thermal stress on human beings in the cold (IREQ, see ISO/TR 11079, insulation index), neutral environment
38、s (PMV-PPD, see ISO 7730, indices) and the heat (predicted heat strain, see ISO 7933, index), it is necessary to know the thermal characteristics of the clothing ensemble, i.e. the thermal insulation and the water vapour resistance. BS EN ISO 9920:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9920:2007(E) ISO 2007
39、 All rights reserved 1Ergonomics of the thermal environment Estimation of thermal insulation and water vapour resistance of a clothing ensemble 1 Scope This International Standard specifies methods for estimating the thermal characteristics (resistance to dry heat loss and evaporative heat loss) in
40、steady-state conditions for a clothing ensemble based on values for known garments, ensembles and textiles. It examines the influence of body movement and air penetration on the thermal insulation and water vapour resistance. This International Standard does not deal with other effects of clothing,
41、such as adsorption of water, buffering or tactile comfort, take into account the influence of rain and snow on the thermal characteristics, consider special protective clothing (water-cooled suits, ventilated suits, heated clothing), or deal with the separate insulation on different parts of the bod
42、y and discomfort due to the asymmetry of a clothing ensemble. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 thermal insulation I resistance to dry heat loss between two surfaces, expressed in square metres Kelvin per watt (m2 K W1) NOTE 1 I
43、n this International Standard it is considered as the equivalent uniform thermal resistance, or thermal insulation, on a human body. This is the clothing heat resistance (thermal insulation) that, when uniformly covering the whole body surface (including hands, face, etc.), would result in the same
44、heat loss as the actual, possibly non-uniform, clothing heat resistance. This heat resistance is the quotient of the temperature gradient between the surfaces (the driving force) over the dry heat loss per unit of body surface area (the flux): temperature gradientheat loss per unit of body surfacear
45、eaI = (1) For the human body, this resistance can be divided into specific layers, as illustrated in Figure 1 (see also Annex F). NOTE 2 Because of the special definition of thermal insulation in this International Standard, it is usually expressed in clo, the unit of thermal insulation of clothing.
46、 Although it can be converted into SI units in similar fashion to the thermal insulation of, for example, textile samples symbol: Rct; 1 clo = 0,155 (m2 K W1), the meaning is not the same. BS EN ISO 9920:2009ISO 9920:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reserved2.1.1 total insulation IT thermal insulation
47、from the body surface to the environment (including all clothing, enclosed air layers and boundary air layer) under reference conditions, static See Figure 1. NOTE Based on Equation (1), it is expressed as: sk oTttIH= (2) where skt is the mean skin surface temperature, in degrees Celsius; tois the o
48、perative temperature, in degrees Celsius (in most cases equal to the air temperature, ta); H is the dry heat loss per square metre of skin, in watts per square metre. 2.1.2 basic insulation intrinsic insulation Iclthermal insulation from the skin surface to the outer clothing surface (including encl
49、osed air layers) under reference conditions, static See Figure 1. NOTE Based on Equation (1), it is expressed as: sk clclttIH= (3) where clt is the mean outer clothing surface temperature, in degrees Celsius. 2.1.3 air insulation Iathermal insulation of the boundary (surface) air layer around the outer clothing or, when nude, around the skin surface See Figure 1. NOTE 1 Based on Equation (1), it is expressed as cl oattIH= (4) NOTE 2 The dry heat loss is composed of radiant and convective heat loss (s
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