1、 STD.BSI BS EN IS0 10075-1-ENGL 2000 lb24bb9 0870b31 7T W BRITISH STANDARD Ergonomic principles related to mental work-load - Part 1: General terms and definitions (IS0 10075: 1991) The European Standard EN IS0 10075-12000 has the status of a British Standard ICs 01.040.13; 13.180 NO COPYING WITHOUT
2、 BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PEBMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW IS EN IS0 .0075-1:2000 STD=BSI BS EN IS0 L0075-1-ENGL 2000 H Lb29bbS 0870b32 b2b m BS EN IS0 10075-1:2000 been prepared under the direction of the Health and Environment Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Commie a
3、nd comes into effect on 15 September 2000 AmdNo. Q BSI 09-2000 ISBN O 580 36286 8 National foreword Date Comments This British Standard is the official English language version of EN IS0 100751:2000. It is identical with IS0 100751991. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technic
4、al Committee Pw9, Applied ergonomics, which has the responsibility to: - aid enquirem to understand the text; - present to the responsible internatiofluropean commitee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; - monitor related international an
5、d European developments and promulgate them in the UK A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references Attention is drawn to the fact that CEN and CENELEC Standards nody include an annex which lists normative references to internatio
6、nal publications with their corresponding European publications. The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standads Caaiogue under the section entitled “International Smdards Correspondence Index”, or by using th
7、e “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a conmct. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from l
8、egal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN IS0 title page, the EN IS0 foreword page, the IS0 title page, pages ii to iii, a blank page, pages 1 to 5 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed this document indicates when the docu
9、ment was last issued. STD.BSI BS EN IS0 LD075-1-ENGL 2000 Lb24bb 0870b33 5b2 H EUROPEAhl STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN IS0 10751 July 2000 ICs 01.040.13; 13.180 English version Ergonomic principles related to mental work-load - Part 1: General terms and definitions (IS0 100751 991) Pri
10、ncipes ergonomiques concernant la charge de travail mental - Partie 1: Temes gnraux et leurs dfinitions (IS0 10075:l 991) Ergonomische Grundlagen bezglich psychischer Arbeitsbelastung - Teil 1: Allgemeines und Begriffe (IS0 1 0075: 1 991 ) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 June 2000.
11、CEN members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on ap
12、plication to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat ha
13、s the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMM17
14、TEE FOR STANDARDIZATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG COMITE EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 8-1050 Brussels Q 2000 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN IS0 10075-1:2000 E Foreword The
15、text of the International Standard from Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics“ of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has been taken over as an European Standard by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard
16、shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2001. According to the CENRENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards
17、 organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement not
18、ice The text of the International Standard IS0 10075:1991 has been approved by CEN as a European Standard without any modification. EN IS0 10075-1:2000 INTER NATIONAL STA N DA R D IS0 10075 First edition 1991-10-01 Ergonomic principles related to mental work-load - General terms and definitions Prin
19、cipes ergonomiques concernant la charge de travail mental - Termes gneraux et leurs dfinitions - Reference number IS0 10075: 1 99 1 (E) -_ - STD-BSI BS EN IS0 10075-L-ENGL 2000 M 1b24bb9 0870b3b 271 W EN IS0 10075-1:2000 Foreword IS0 the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
20、 federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical Committee has been established has the right to be represented on that
21、committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take pari in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draff International Standards adopted by
22、the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Inter- national Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 10075 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Sub-Committee SC 1,
23、Ergonomic guiding prin- ciples. Annex A forms an integral pari of this International Standard. STD-BSI BS EN IS0 10075-L-ENGL 2000 = Lb2LibbS 0870b37 108 EN IS0 10075-1:2000 Introduction This International Standard represents an extension of IS0 6385:1981, Ergonomic principles of the design of work
24、systems. 3.7 to 3.9 - with special respect to mental work-load. describing terms and concepts in more detail because of the specific consequences that have to be taken into account in this domain. iii STDaBSI BS EN IS0 10075-L-ENGL 2000 = Lb29bbS 0870b38 044 EN IS0 10075-k2000 STD-BSI BS EN IS0 L75-
25、L-ENGL 2000 = Lb24bb 0870b37 TAO D EN IS0 10075-1:2000 Ergonomic principles related to mental work-load - General terms and definitions 1 Scope This International Standard defines terms in the field of mental work-load, covering mental stress and mental strain, and specifies the relations between th
26、e concepts involved. It applies to the design of working conditions with respect to mental work-load and is intended to pro- mote a common usage of terminology between ex- perts and practitioners in the field of ergonomics as well as in general. It does not address methods of measurement and princip
27、les of task design, which are or will be dealt with in other International Standards. 2 General concepts Any activity - even a predominantly physical one - can impose mental stress”. “Mental stress” in this case is a term employed to designate any external influence impinging upon human beings and a
28、ffecting them mentally. Mental stress induces processes of increasing or decreasing mental strain within human beings. The immediate consequences of mental strain are facilitating effects on the one hand, and mental fatigue and/or fatigue-like states on the other. As an indirect consequence of menta
29、l strain there may be practice and training effects. The Consequences of mental strain mentioned here may differ In form and intensity, depending on indi- vidual and situational preconditions. In this International Standard the expression “men- tal” is used wherever processes of human experi- ence a
30、nd behaviour are referred to. “Mental” in this sense refers to cognitive, informational, and emotional processes in the human being. The term mental is used because these aspects occur interrelatedly and can and should not be dealt with separately in practice. 3 Definitions 3.1 mental stress: The to
31、tal of all assessable influ- ences impinging upon a human being from external sources and affecting it mentally*). 3.2 mental strain: The immediate effect of mental stress within the individual (not the long-term effect) depending on hidher individual habitual and actual preconditions*). including i
32、ndividual coping styles. 3.3 consequences of mental strain3) 3.3.1 facilitating effects 3.3.1.1 warming-up effect: A frequent consequence of mental strain which soon afer the activity has stai-ied results in a reduction of the effort required to perform that activity relative to the effort required
33、initially. 1) See annex A, clause A.4. 2) See annex A. 3) The order of defining the following terms does not imply any functional relationship. 1 EN IS0 10075-1:2000 3.3.1.2 activation: An internal state with differential degrees of mental and physical functional efficiency. NOTE 1 Mental strain can
34、 lead to different degrees of activation, depending on its duration and intensity. There is a domain in which activation is optimal, e.g. neither too low nor too high, ensuring best functional efficiency. It should be borne in mind that a tao sudden increase in strain can lead to undesirable overact
35、ivation. 3.3.2 impairing effects: Impairing effects should be distinguished by their temporal pattern of recovery and the means to achieve this. They may also differ by their symptoms. Impairing effects can be more general or more specific, taking time for recuper- ation or variation in activity for
36、 recovery. 3.3.2.1 mental fatigue: A temporary impairment of mental and physical functional efficiency, depending on the intensity, duration, and temporal pattern of the preceding mental strain. Recovery from mental fatigue is achieved by recuperation rather than changes in activity. NOTE 2 This red
37、uced functional efficiency becomes ap- parent, for example, in feelings of tiredness, less favour- able relationships between performance and effort, type and frequency of errors, etc. The extent of this impairment is also determined by individual preconditions. 3.3.2.2 fatigue-like states: States w
38、ithin the individ- ual as effects of mental strain resulting from situ- ations offering little variety. They quickly disappear afler changes in the task and/or the environmensituation have been introduced. These states include monotony, reduced vigilance, and mental satiation. NOTE3 As a rule, in co
39、mmon with mental fatigue, feelings of tiredness also occur in fatigue-like states. However, they differ from mental fatigue by their transitoriness. Particularly marked interindividual differ- ences can be found with these fatigue-like states. 3.3.2.2.1 monotony: A slowly developing state of reduced
40、 activation which may occur during long, uniform, repetitive tasks or activities, and which is mainly associated with drowsiness, tiredness, de- crease and fluctuations in performance, reductions in adaptability and responsiveness, as well as an increase in variability of heart rate. 3.3.2.2.2 reduc
41、ed vigilance: A slowly developing state with reduced detection performance (e.g. when monitoring radar screens or instrument panels) in monitoring tasks offering little variation. NOTE 4 Monotony and reduced vigilance can be differ- entiated with respect to the circumstances of their causal conditio
42、ns, not with respect to their effects. 3.3.2.2.3 mental satiation: A state of nervously un- settled, strongly emotional rejection of a repetitive task or situation in which the experience is of “marking time” or “not getting anywhere”. NOTE 5 Additional symptoms of mental satiation are anger, decrea
43、sed performance, and/or feelings of tiredness, and a tendency to withdraw. Mental satiation in contrast to monotony and reduced vigilance is character- ized by an unchanged or even increased activation level, coupled with a negative emotional quality. 3.3.3 Other effect 3.3.3.1 practice effect: An e
44、nduring change in indi- vidual performance, associated with learning pro- cesses, following from repeatedly coping with mental strain. 2 STD-BSI BS EN IS0 L0075-L-ENGL 2000 = LbZLibbS 0870b4L b39 = EN IS0 10075-1:2000 Annex A (normative) Additional explanations of terms and concepts A.1 FigureA.l is
45、 intended to illustrate the relations between mental stress, individual factors, and actual mental strain and its immediate effects. The rep- resentation is a simplified one, ignoring potential reciprocal effects, and grouping together different conditions producing mental stress as well as dif- fer
46、ent individual factors. For each group, only ex- amples are listed; the listings are thus not exhaustive. The sequential order of the examples listed does not imply any rank order. A.2 Besides the consequences of strain men- tioned in this International Standard, there are other consequences of ment
47、al strain, e.g. boredom, feelings of being overloaded, which are not dealt with in this International Standard, due to large interindividual variation, or to as yet inconclusive results of research. The same applies to possibly unfavourable long-term effects of repeated exposure to mental strain bei
48、ng either too high or too low. A.3 Depending on the preceding activity or the intital conditions in the individual, the same situation may lead to mental stress with either increased or decreased mental strain. For example, reading a book imposes mental stress leading to increased mental strain; how
49、ever, reading the same infor- mation as a change from prolonged intense discussions may impose mental stress leading to a decrease in mental strain. A.4 Linguistic difficulties may arise from a differ- ence in meaning between the technical language used by specialists and colloquial language. Whereas in colloquial language stress has a slightly negative connotation, in this International Standard stress is quite neutrally regarded as including all assessable factors impinging upon an individual from outside and which influence
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