1、BS EN ISO10211:2007ICS 91.120.10NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDThermal bridges inbuilding construction Heat flows andsurface temperatures Detailedcalculations (ISO10211:2007)This British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsP
2、olicy and StrategyCommittee on 28 February2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 64346 0Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN ISO 10211:2007National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 10211:2007.It supersedes BS EN ISO 10211-1:1996 and BS EN ISO 10211-2:
3、2001which are withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/540, Energy performance of materials components andbuildings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to inc
4、lude all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 10211December 2007ICS 91.120.10 Supersedes EN ISO 10211-1:1995, EN I
5、SO 10211-2:2001English VersionThermal bridges in building construction - Heat flows andsurface temperatures - Detailed calculations (ISO 10211:2007)Ponts thermiques dans les btiments - Flux thermiques ettempratures superficielles - Calculs dtaills (ISO10211:2007)Wrmebrcken im Hochbau - Wrmestrme und
6、Oberflchentemperaturen - Detaillierte Berechnungen (ISO10211:2007)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 December 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard
7、without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other langua
8、ge made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,Fr
9、ance, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR N
10、ORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 10211:2007: EBS EN ISO 10211:2007EN ISO 10211:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 10211:2007) has been prepar
11、ed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163 “Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 89 “Thermal performance of buildings and building components“, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status
12、 of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
13、patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 10211-1:1995, EN ISO 10211-2:2001. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bou
14、nd to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, S
15、witzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 10211:2007 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 10211:2007 without any modification. BS EN ISO 10211:2007ISO 10211:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword. v Introduction . vi 1 Scope 1 2 Normative reference
16、s 1 3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and subscripts2 3.1 Terms and definitions .2 3.2 Symbols and units.6 3.3 Subscripts 7 4 Principles7 5 Modelling of the construction 7 5.1 Dimension systems .7 5.2 Rules for modelling .7 5.3 Conditions for simplifying the geometrical model.13 6 Input data17 6.
17、1 General17 6.2 Thermal conductivities of materials 18 6.3 Surface resistances.18 6.4 Boundary temperatures 18 6.5 Thermal conductivity of quasi-homogeneous layers 18 6.6 Equivalent thermal conductivity of air cavities 18 6.7 Determining the temperature in an adjacent unheated room .19 7 Calculation
18、 method19 7.1 Solution technique.19 7.2 Calculation rules19 8 Determination of thermal coupling coefficients and heat flow rate from 3-D calculations .20 8.1 Two boundary temperatures, unpartitioned model20 8.2 Two boundary temperatures, partitioned model20 8.3 More than two boundary temperatures .2
19、1 9 Calculations using linear and point thermal transmittances from 3-D calculations 21 9.1 Calculation of thermal coupling coefficient21 9.2 Calculation of linear and point thermal transmittances 22 10 Determination of thermal coupling coefficient, heat flow rate and linear thermal transmittance fr
20、om 2-D calculations23 10.1 Two boundary temperatures 23 10.2 More than two boundary temperatures .23 10.3 Determination of the linear thermal transmittance 23 10.4 Determination of the linear thermal transmittance for wall/floor junctions.24 10.5 Determination of the external periodic heat transfer
21、coefficient for ground floors .25 11 Determination of the temperature at the internal surface .26 11.1 Determination of the temperature at the internal surface from 3-D calculations .26 11.2 Determination of the temperature at the internal surface from 2-D calculations .27 12 Input and output data 2
22、8 12.1 Input data28 12.2 Output data.28 Annex A (normative) Validation of calculation methods 30 BS EN ISO 10211:2007ISO 10211:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reservedAnnex B (informative) Examples of the determination of the linear and point thermal transmittances. 37 Annex C (informative) Determina
23、tion of values of thermal coupling coefficient and temperature weighting factor for more than two boundary temperatures . 40 Bibliography . 45 BS EN ISO 10211:2007ISO 10211:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federati
24、on of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee
25、. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance w
26、ith the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires appr
27、oval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 10211 was prepared by Technical Commit
28、tee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment, Subcommittee SC 2, Calculation methods. This first edition of ISO 10211 cancels and replaces ISO 10211-1:1995 and ISO 10211-2:2001, which have been technically revised. The principal changes are as follows: this first editi
29、on of ISO 10211 merges the title and general contents of ISO 10211-1:1995 and ISO 10211-2:2001 into a single document; Clause 3 indicates that ISO 10211 now uses only temperature factor, and not temperature difference ratio; 5.2.2 specifies that cut-off planes are to be located at the larger of 1 m
30、and three times the thickness of the flanking element; 5.2.4 contains a revised version of Table 1 to correct error for three-dimensional calculations and to clarify intentions; 5.2.7 specifies that acceptable criterion is either on heat flow or on surface temperature; the heat flow criterion has be
31、en changed from 2 % to 1 %; 6.3 specifies that surface resistance values are to be obtained from ISO 6946 for heat flow calculations and from ISO 13788 for condensation calculations; the contents of Annexes E and G of ISO 10211-1:1995 have been deleted in favour of references to ISO 13788; 6.6 speci
32、fies that data for air cavities is obtained from ISO 6946, EN 673 or ISO 10077-2; the contents of Annex B of ISO 10211-1:1995 have been deleted in favour of these references; 10.4 contains text formerly in ISO 13370, revised to specify that linear thermal transmittance values for wall/floor junction
33、s are the difference between the numerical result and the result from using ISO 13370 (a more consistent definition); Annex A contains corrections to results for case 3; the conformity criterion for case 3 has been changed from 2 % of heat flow to 1 %; a new case 4 has been added; Annex C contains a
34、 corrected procedure; all remaining annexes from ISO 10211-1:1995 and ISO 10211-2:2001 have been deleted. BS EN ISO 10211:2007ISO 10211:2007(E) vi ISO 2007 All rights reservedIntroduction Thermal bridges, which in general occur at any junction between building components or where the building struct
35、ure changes composition, have two consequences compared with those of the unbridged structure: a) a change in heat flow rate, and b) a change in internal surface temperature. Although similar calculation procedures are used, the procedures are not identical for the calculation of heat flows and of s
36、urface temperatures. A thermal bridge usually gives rise to three-dimensional or two-dimensional heat flows, which can be precisely determined using detailed numerical calculation methods as described in this International Standard. In many applications, numerical calculations based on a two-dimensi
37、onal representation of the heat flows provide results of adequate accuracy, especially when the constructional element is uniform in one direction. A discussion of other methods for assessing the effect of thermal bridges is provided in ISO 14683. ISO 10211 was originally published in two parts, dea
38、ling with three-dimensional and two-dimensional calculations separately. BS EN ISO 10211:2007INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10211:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1Thermal bridges in building construction Heat flows and surface temperatures Detailed calculations 1 Scope This International Standard s
39、ets out the specifications for a three-dimensional and a two-dimensional geometrical model of a thermal bridge for the numerical calculation of: heat flows, in order to assess the overall heat loss from a building or part of it; minimum surface temperatures, in order to assess the risk of surface co
40、ndensation. These specifications include the geometrical boundaries and subdivisions of the model, the thermal boundary conditions, and the thermal values and relationships to be used. This International Standard is based upon the following assumptions: all physical properties are independent of tem
41、perature; there are no heat sources within the building element. This International Standard can also be used for the derivation of linear and point thermal transmittances and of surface temperature factors. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the applicat
42、ion of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6946, Building components and building elements Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance Calculation method IS
43、O 7345, Thermal insulation Physical quantities and definitions ISO 13370:2007, Thermal performance of buildings Heat transfer via the ground Calculation methods ISO 13788, Hygrothermal performance of building components and building elements Internal surface temperature to avoid critical surface hum
44、idity and interstitial condensation Calculation methods BS EN ISO 10211:2007ISO 10211:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reserved3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and subscripts 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7345 and the following a
45、pply. 3.1.1 thermal bridge part of the building envelope where the otherwise uniform thermal resistance is significantly changed by full or partial penetration of the building envelope by materials with a different thermal conductivity, and/or a change in thickness of the fabric, and/or a difference
46、 between internal and external areas, such as occur at wall/floor/ceiling junctions 3.1.2 linear thermal bridge thermal bridge with a uniform cross-section along one of the three orthogonal axes 3.1.3 point thermal bridge localized thermal bridge whose influence can be represented by a point thermal
47、 transmittance 3.1.4 three-dimensional geometrical model 3-D geometrical model geometrical model, deduced from building plans, such that for each of the orthogonal axes the cross-section perpendicular to that axis changes within the boundary of the model See Figure 1. 3.1.5 three-dimensional flankin
48、g element 3-D flanking element part of a 3-D geometrical model which, when considered in isolation, can be represented by a 2-D geometrical model See Figures 1 and 2. 3.1.6 three-dimensional central element 3-D central element part of a 3-D geometrical model which is not a 3-D flanking element See F
49、igure 1. NOTE A central element is represented by a 3-D geometrical model. 3.1.7 two-dimensional geometrical model 2-D geometrical model geometrical model, deduced from building plans, such that for one of the orthogonal axes the cross-section perpendicular to that axis does not change within the boundaries of the model See Figure 2. NOTE A 2-D geometrical model is used for two-dimensional calculations. 3.1.8 two-dimensional flanking element 2-D flanking element part of a 2-D geometrical model which, w
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