1、BS ISO10704:2009ICS 13.060.60; 13.280NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDWater quality Measurement of grossalpha and gross betaactivity in non-salinewater Thin so urcedeposit methodBS EN ISO 10704:2015BS EN ISO 10704:2015ISBN 978 0 580 88661 4Amendme
2、nts/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments31 August 2015 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 10704:2009 as BS EN ISO 10704:2015This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2010 The British Standards Institution 2015. Pub
3、lished by BSI Standards Limited 2015National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 10704:2015. It is identical to ISO 10704:2009. It supersedes BS ISO 10704:2009 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/3, Water qu
4、ality.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immun
5、ity from legal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 10704 August 2015 ICS 13.060.60; 13.280 English Version Water quality - Measurement of gross alpha and gross beta activity in non-saline water - Thin source deposit method (ISO 10704:2009) Qualit de leau - Mesurage d
6、es activits alpha globale et bta globale des eaux non salines - Mthode par dpt dune source fine (ISO 10704:2009) Wasserbeschaffenheit - Bestimmung der Gesamt-Alpha- und der Gesamt-Beta-Aktivitt in nicht-salzhaltigem Wasser - Dnnschichtverfahren (ISO 10704:2009) This European Standard was approved by
7、 CEN on 30 July 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standard
8、s may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notif
9、ied to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ice
10、land, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Mana
11、gement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 10704:2015 EBS EN ISO 10704:2015EN ISO 10704:2015 (E)EN ISO 10704:2015 (E) 3 European foreword The text of ISO 10704:2009 has
12、 been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147 “Water quality” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 10704:2015 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given
13、the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may
14、be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria,
15、Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Sw
16、itzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 10704:2009 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 10704:2015 without any modification. BS ISO 10704:2009ISO 10704:2009(E) ISO2009 Allrightsreserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1Scope12Normative references13Symbols,definitionsand
17、 units24Principle35Chemicalreagents and equipment36Sampling.47Procedure.58Expression of results89Interference control.1210 Test report12Bibliography13BS EN ISO 10704:2015ISO 10704:2009(E)BS ISO 10704:2009ISO 10704:2009(E)iv ISO2009 AllrightsreservedForeword ISO (the International Organization forSta
18、ndardization)isa worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The workofpreparing International Standards is normallycarriedout through ISO technical committees. Eachmember bodyinterestedin a subject forwhich a technical committee has beenestablished hasthe right to be repr
19、esented on thatcommittee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also takepart in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)onall mattersofelectrotechnical standardization. International Standardsaredrafte
20、d inaccordancewith the rulesgiven in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part2.The main taskoftechnical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standardsadopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requ
21、iresapproval byat least 75 % ofthe memberbodiescasting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibilitythat some of the elements of this document maybethe subject of patent rights.ISOshall not be held responsibleforidentifyinganyorall suchpatent rights. ISO10704 waspreparedbyTechnicalCommittee ISO/TC14
22、7, Water quality. BS EN ISO 10704:2015ISO 10704:2009(E)BS ISO 10704:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10704:2009(E) ISO2009 Allrightsreserved 1Water quality Measurementofgross alpha and gross beta activity in non-saline water Thin source deposit methodWARNING Persons using this International Standard s
23、hould be familiarwith normal laboratorypractice. This International Standard does not purporttoaddress all ofthe safetyproblems, if any,associated with its use.Itis the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and to ensure compliancewith anynationalregulatory c
24、onditions.IMPORTANT Itisabsolutely essentialthat tests conducted accordingtothis International Standardbe carried out by suitably trained staff.1 Scope This International Standardspecifies a method forthe determination of grossalpha and grossbeta activity innon-saline watersforalpha-and beta-emittin
25、gradionuclides. The method is applicable to raw and potable waterscontaining a small quantityofdissolved matter.Itcan,afteradaptation, applyto otherkind ofwaters. The range of application depends upon the amount of dissolved materialin the water and on the performance characteristicsofthe measuremen
26、t equipment (backgroundcountrate and counting efficiency). 2 NormativereferencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable forthe application of this document. Fordatedreferences, onlythe edition cited applies.For undated references, the latestedition of the referenceddocument (includingan
27、yamendments)applies.ISO3696, Water for analytical laboratoryuse Specification and test methodsISO5667-1, Water quality Sampling Part1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes and samplingtechniquesISO5667-3, Water quality Sampling Part3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of watersample
28、sISO/IEC17025, General requirements for the competenceof testing and calibrationlaboratoriesISO80000-10, Quantities and units P art10: Atomic and nuclear physicsISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, Uncertainty of measurement Part3:Guide to the expression of uncertainty inmeasurement (GUM:1995)BS EN ISO 10704:20
29、15BS ISO 10704:2009ISO 10704:2009(E)2 ISO2009 Allrightsreserved3 Symbols, definitions and units Forthepurposes ofthis document, the symbols,definitions,and abbreviations given inISO 80000-10, andthe following,apply.A activityofthecalibration source Bq Aaactivityspiked insample a, preparedforself-abs
30、orption estimation purposesBq cAactivityconcentration Bq l1*Ac decision threshold Bq l1#Ac detection limit Bq l1,AAcclowerand upperlimitsofthe confidenceinterval Bq l1fa, faself-absorption factorofsample a for and , respectively mdmassofthe deposit mgmpmassofthe planchet mgmpdmassofthe planchet and
31、the deposit mgmpfmassofthe planchet and the filter mgmpfdmassofthe planchet, the filterandthedeposit mgr0, r0background countrate fromthe and windows,respectivelys1ra, raself-absorption sample a count ratefrom the and windows, respectivelys1rg, rgsample grosscount rate fromthe and windows,respective
32、ly s1rs, rscalibrationcount ratefromthe and windows,respectively s1t0background counting timestgsamplecountingtime s tscalibrationcountingtim U expanded uncertaintycalculatedby U = k u(cA) with k = 1,2, Bq l1u(cA)standard uncertaintyassociated with the measurement result Bq l1V volumeoftestsample l
33、, counting efficiencyfor and , respectively a, acounting efficiencyofsample afor and , respectively alpha-beta crosstalk BS EN ISO 10704:2015ISO 10704:2009(E)BS ISO 10704:2009ISO 10704:2009(E) ISO2009 Allrightsreserved 34 Principle IMPORTANT Gross alpha and grossbetadeterminations arenot absolute de
34、terminations of thesample alpha and beta radioactivecontents, but relativedeterminations referred to specific alpha and beta emitters thatconstitute the standard calibrationsources. In order toobtain a thin deposit directlyona planchet, the sample can be progressivelyevaporated todryness at a temper
35、ature below about 85 C. Alternatively,for alpha determination, it can be concentrated via a coprecipitation, the filtered coprecipitate being measured on to the planchet (Reference 3). The grossalpha and grossbeta activityofthe deposit is measured by counting in an alpha- and beta-particle detectoro
36、rcounting system previouslycalibratedagainst alpha- and beta-emittingstandards.When suspended matter is present in a significant quantity,a filtration step is required and the grossalpha and grossbeta activitycan alsobedetermined forthe material retainedonthefilter. IMPORTANT Due to the ingrowth of
37、radon daughters over time, the results aredependent on thetime elapsed between sample preparationand measurement. For comparisonpurposes, it is recommendedthatthe measurementbeperformed at the same time after the preparation of the sample. 5 Chemical reagentsand equipment5.1 ReagentsAll reagents sha
38、ll be of recognised analytical grade and shall not contain any detectable alpha and betaactivity, exceptforradioactive standardssolutions. 5.1.1 Standard solutions5.1.1.1 Alpha standardThe choiceofalpha standard depends on the knowledge of the type of radioactive contaminant likely to be present in
39、the watersbeing tested. In general, this leads to a choice between naturally occurring and man-made alpha emitters. Commonlyused standards of artificial alpha-emittingradionuclides employedfor this purpose are241Amsolutions and 239Pu solutions. When 239Pu is used, the presence of241Pu as an impurity
40、shall be taken intoaccount as it leads to growth of241Am in prepared standardsolutions of sources. When 241Am is used, takeintoaccount thepotential interferencesofitsgammaemission. NOTE An uraniumcompound of certifiednatural or known isotopic composition has onearguableadvantage, in thatits specific
41、activity can be calculated fromestablished physicalconstants and isotopicabundance date which areindependent of the calibration proceduresofaparticular organisation. However, an uraniumcompoundofknownisotopiccomposition is difficult to obtain. Furthermore, since the energies of the alpha emissions f
42、rom uranium isotopes are lessthan those fromthe artificialtransuranic nuclides, the use of a uranium standard tends to givea highresult for transuranicelements. 5.1.1.2 BetastandardThe choiceofbeta standard depends on knowledge ofthe typeof radioactive contaminant likelytobe present in the watersbei
43、ngtested. As a natural material,40Kaspotassiumchloride, dried to constant mass at 105 C, can be used. Standard solutionsofartificial beta-emitting radionuclides90Sr90Y are commonlyused. 5.1.2 Wetting or surfactantagents 5.1.2.1 Vinyl acetate BS EN ISO 10704:2015ISO 10704:2009(E)BS ISO 10704:2009ISO
44、10704:2009(E)4 ISO2009 Allrightsreserved5.1.3Volatile organic solvents5.1.3.1Ethyl alcohol 5.1.4 Water, complying with the requirementsofISO3696, grade 3.5.1.5Specificreagents for alpha-emitting radionuclidesco-precipitation5.1.5.1Ammonium hydroxide solution, c(NH4OH) =6mol/l.5.1.5.2 Nitric acid, co
45、ncentrated, c(HNO3)= 15,8 mol/l. 5.1.5.3 Sulfuric acid solution, c(H2SO4)= 1 mol/l. 5.1.5.4Ironcarrier, solutionof5 mgofiron permillilitre. 5.1.5.5Bariumcarrier, solution of5 mgofbarium permillilitre.5.2 Equipment 5.2.1Laboratory equipment for direct evaporation Usual laboratoryapparatusto store and
46、 prepare the sample asspecified in ISO5667-3. A hot plate,anautomaticevaporator oranyotherappropriateapparatus. 5.2.2Special equipment for alpha-emitting radionuclide co-precipitation5.2.2.1 Hotplate withstirringequipment5.2.2.2 Infrared lamp5.2.2.3 Vacuum filtrationsystem5.2.2.4 Filters, ofpore siz
47、e 0,45m. 5.2.3Planchet(counting trays)The planchet shall be lipped and of stainless steel. The diameter of the planchet is determined taking account of the detector diameter and source holder dimensions of the counter used. In the specific case ofco-precipitation, an annular support isused to fixthe
48、filteron toa filterholderoronto the planchet. NOTE As the source, testportion and standard, is spread directly on to the planchet for evaporation,itiseasier toproduce an even depositon a roughened metal surface; sand blasting or chemicaletching can be applied for thispurpose,alternatively,arippled p
49、lanchet canbe employed. 5.2.4 Measurement equipment:alpha-beta counterGrossalpha and grossbeta activitycan be measured using either a siliconsurface barrier (SSB) detectorora proportional counter (windowless). Ion-implanted Si detectorsand thin (u100 gcm2)window-proportional countersmay also be used. Grossalpha and grossbeta activity can alsobe countedusing a silver-activatedzincsulfide scintillation screen and plasticscintillation detector, respectively. 6 Sam
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