EN ISO 12499-2008 en Industrial fans - Mechanical safety of fans - Guarding《工业风机 风机的机械安全装置 护罩》.pdf

1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD ICS 23.120 NO COPYING WIT

2、HOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Industrial fans - Mechanical safety of fans - Guarding (ISO 12499:1999) BS 848-5:1999 BS EN ISO 12499:2008This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of

3、 the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 November 1999 BS EN ISO 12499:2008 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 12499:2008. It is identical to ISO 12499:1999. It supersedes BS 848-5:1986 which is withdr

4、awn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/17, Industrial fans. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users

5、 are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. BSI 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 3482 6 Date Comments 31 July 2009 6 BS 848-5:1999 renumbered as BS EN ISO 12499:2008 (dual number retained)EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPIS

6、CHE NORM EN ISO 12499 October 2008 ICS 23.120 English Version Industrial fans - Mechanical safety of fans - Guarding (ISO 12499:1999) Ventilateurs industriels - Scurit mcanique des ventilateurs - Protecteurs (ISO 12499:1999) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 October 2008. CEN members a

7、re bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to

8、 the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the sa

9、me status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,

10、Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means res

11、erved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 12499:2008: Eii Contents Page 1Scope 1 2Normativereferences 1 3Definitions 1 4Hazardsfromfans4 5Riskassessment5 6Reductionofrisk6 7Typesofsafeguard6 8Guardconstruction .9 10Noise .11 11Fansenclosedwithinunits.11 12Safeworkingpractices11 13Inf

12、ormationforuse 12 AnnexA (informative)Bibliography .13 EN ISO 12499:2008 (E) BS EN ISO 12499:2008 EN ISO 12499:2008 (E) Foreword The text of ISO 12499:1999 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 117 “Industrial fans” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been t

13、aken over as EN ISO 12499:2008 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 156 “Ventilation for buildings” the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2009, an

14、d conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Accor

15、ding to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvi

16、a, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 12499:1999 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 12499:2008 without any modification. iii BS EN ISO 12499:2008 iv

17、Introduction This International Standard is intended to provide designers, users and installers with information on the safety aspectsoffixedguardsforusewithindustrialfans. Sincefans,bythenatureofthefunctiontheyperform,containrotating parts, they present a mechanical hazard whichhastobeminimizedorav

18、oided.Asafandoesnotusuallyhavetobeaccessibleduring“normaloperation“,a fixed guard can be applied. This can be removed during “ancillary operations“ as necessary for servicing or maintenance. AsthescopeofthisInternationalStandardcoversaparticularformofguardingaswellasitsdesignandusefora specificrange

19、ofproducts,itisatypeCstandard,asdefinedbytheEuropeanCommitteeforStandardization. ItcomplieswithISO/TR121001,ISO/TR121002andEN414,aswellasISO13852. EN ISO 12499:2008 (E) BS EN ISO 12499:2008 INTERNATIONALSTANDARD ISO12499:2008(E) 1 IndustrialfansMechanicalsafetyoffansGuarding 1 Scope ThisInternationa

20、lStandardspecifiesrequirementsforthemechanicalguardingofindustrialfans. Thecircumstancesunderwhichsafetymeasuresshallbetakenaredescribedandinformationonhowhazardscan bereducedoreliminatedisgiven,alongwithguidanceonsafetypracticesandinformationforuse. 2 Normativereferences The following standards con

21、tain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investig

22、ate the possibilityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionsofthestandardsindicatedbelow.MembersofIECandISOmaintain registersofcurrentlyvalidInternationalStandards. ISO3864:1984 1) , Safetycoloursandsafetysigns. ISO13349: 2) , IndustrialfansVocabularyanddefinitionsofcategories . ISO13852:1996, Safetyofmachine

23、rySafetydistancestopreventdanger zones being reached by the upper limbs. ISO14120: 2) ,SafetyofmachineryGeneralrequirementsforthedesignandconstructionofguards(fixed, movable). 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the definitions given in ISO 13349 and the following definiti

24、ons apply. 3.1 industrialfan anyfanusedforindustrialpurposes,includingtheventilationofbuildingsandminesbutexcludingceiling,pedestal andsimilarcirculationtypefanssuchasthosecommonlyusedfornonindustrialpurposes 3.2 normaloperation operationwhenthefanimpellerisrotatingandthefanisfulfillingitsdesignedfu

25、nctionofmovingair 3.3 ancillaryoperation operationwhenthefanimpellerisstationaryandallpowertothefanhasbeendisconnectedtoallowsuchactivities asmaintenance,cleaning,adjustmentortroubleshootingtotakeplace 1) Toberevised,inparts. 2) Tobepublished. 2 3.4 windmilling rotationofafanimpellerinducedbyflowacr

26、osstheimpeller 3.5 hazard sourceofpossibleinjuryordamagetohealth 3.6 hazardoussituation anysituationinwhichapersonisexposedtoahazardortohazards 3.7 personalinjury hurtcausedtoorsustainedbyapersonasaresultofmechanicalhazard 3.8 risk combinationoftheprobabilityandthedegreeofthepossibleinjuryordamageto

27、healthinahazardoussituation 3.9 dangerzone dangerpoint anyzoneorpointatornearthefanwhereapersonisexposedtoriskofinjuryordamagetohealth 3.10 guard guarding mechanicalmeanswherebymechanicalhazardsassociatedwithindustrialfansareminimizedoravoided 3.10.1 fixedguard guardkeptinplacebymeansoffasteners,mak

28、ingremovalimpossiblewithoutusingtools 3.10.2 fixeddistanceguard fixedguardwhichdoesnotcompletelyencloseadangerzone,butwhichpreventsorreducesaccessbyvirtueofits physicaldimensionsanditsdistancefromthehazard 3.11 safeguarding safetymeasuresconsisting of the use of specific technical means called safeg

29、uards (guards, safety devices) to protectpersonsfromhazardswhichcannotreasonablyberemovedorsufficientlylimitedbydesign 3.12 residualrisk riskremainingafterspecifiedsafetymeasureshavebeentakenduringdesignorbytheapplicationofsafeguarding 3.13 safeworkingpractice systemofworkingwhichreducesoreliminates

30、theriskofinjury 3.14 informationforuse safetymeasuresconsistingofcommunicationlinks,suchastext,words,signs,signals,symbolsordiagrams,used separatelyorincombination,toconveyinformationtotheuser NOTE Informationforuseisdirectedtoprofessionaland/ornonprofessionalusers. EN ISO 12499:2008 (E) BS EN ISO 1

31、2499:2008 3 3.15 captivekeyinterlockwithtimer combinationofaswitch,withtimer,andalocksecuredtoafixedpartofthemachinewiththeoperatingkeyheld captiveintheaccessdoor NOTE Thesequenceofoperationisasfollows: turnhandletoswitchoff, aftertimedelay,furtherturntounlockaccessdoor,and opendoor(keydisengagesfro

32、mlock). Atypicalexampleisillustratedinfigure1. Key Lockwithswitch Switch Lock Handlecontainingkey NOTE Thecaptivekeyinterlockensuresthatthecircuitbreakingelementwillbeopenedbeforetheguardcanbeopened. Itcanbeusedwhentheguardcanberemovedcompletely.Itislesssuitableforslidingguardsthanforhingedandcomple

33、tely removableones;itcanbecombinedwithatimedelayunit. Figure1Principleofcaptivekeyinterlock EN ISO 12499:2008 (E) BS EN ISO 12499:2008 4 4 Hazardsfromfans Apersonmaybeinjuredbyafanasaresultof: a) beingtrappedbetweenamovingandstationarypart,e.g.afanimpellerandcasingorotherfixedpartofafan; b) beingtra

34、ppedbetweentwomovingparts,e.g.abeltandpulley; c) beingdrawnintothefaninletbyairmovement,resultingincontactwitharotatingshaftorimpeller; d) comingintocontactwithamovingpart,suchasanimpeller; e) objectbeingdrawnintothefaninletandejectedathighvelocityatfandischargeorinlet; f) structuralfailureoffancomp

35、onents; g) contactwithsurfacesofthefanatextremetemperatures(i.e.lessthan 220Corgreaterthan+50C); h) noiseemissioncausedbysafeguards; i) evenwhenafanisswitchedoff,therotatingpartscanstillbecausedtowindmillbyairdriventhroughthefan, eithernaturallyorbyfan(s)inotherpartsoftheductsystemconnectedtothefan;

36、thiscouldcauseinjuryasthe resultofcontactwithamovingpart,suchasanimpeller; j) unauthorized opening of access doors provided in the fan or connecting ductwork, if done whilst the fan is operating,cancauseinjuryastheresultofbeingdrawnintothefaninletbyairmovement,resultingincontact witharotatingshaftor

37、impeller,orcontactwithamovingpart,suchasanimpeller. NOTE Figure2illustratestypicalmechanicalhazardsreferredtoina)tod). EN ISO 12499:2008 (E) BS EN ISO 12499:2008 5 Figure2Typicalmechanicalhazardsfromfans 5 Riskassessment Aqualitativeassessmentoftheriskofinjuryfromfansindicatesthatifnosafeguardingmea

38、suresareundertaken, thisriskcanbeconsiderableandunacceptable. Dependinguponthepowerofthefanandthehazardinvolved,injurycanbesevereorevenfatal. Hazardsinclause4a)tof)arejudgedtobethosehavingthegreatestpotentialforinjury. Theconclusionisthatsafeguardingmeasuresshallbeundertakentominimizetherisk. Wheret

39、hereisaresidualrisk,“safeworkingpractices“shallbefollowedandthesafetyaspectsof“informationfor use“shallreceiveparticularattention. EN ISO 12499:2008 (E) BS EN ISO 12499:2008 6 6 Reductionofrisk Thebasicprinciplesforreducingtheriskofinjury,whichmaybeappliedtofans,are: a) identification or knowledge o

40、f the hazard(s); (where the hazard is not visible or evident, such as at access doors, a suitable warning label in accordance with ISO 3864 shall be fixed to the door in a clearly visible position), b) eliminationoravoidanceofthehazard(s),includingmeasurestoreducethescaleofpossibleinjury, c) useofph

41、ysicalsafeguards, d) useof“safeworkingpractices“, e) emphasisonthesafetyaspectsof“informationforuse“. Oneothermethodofeliminatingorreducingriskscausedbyfansistomakeuseofsafetydistancespreventing dangerzonesfrombeingreachedbytheupperlimbs,asdetailedinISO13852. Itisnotalwayspossibleforthefanmanufactur

42、ertobecertainthatafanissafebyvirtueofitsposition.Where accessandconsequentinjuryisreasonablyforeseeable,safeguardsshallbeprovidedbytheinstallerorfanuser. Thismeansthatprotectiveguardsshallbefittedinaccordancewiththerequirementsof7.1. The necessity of access to the fan for the purposes of inspection

43、or cleaning make it impossible to exclude removableguardsorinspectioncovers.Thesethereforeshallberemovedonlybyqualifiedpersonsasdefinedin 7.3.3. Certainsafetymeasuresaremorereliablethanothers.Theorderofpriorityisdeterminedbyreliabilityandtherefore safeguardsshallbeconsideredandappliedinpreferencebef

44、oresafeworkingpractices. 7 Typesofsafeguard 7.1 Fixedguard (seefigures3and4) Fansaredesignedtobeusedwithfourdifferentductworkconnections.Theseare: a) noductconnectionatinletandoutlet, b) noductconnectionatinlet,ductconnectionatoutlet, c) ductconnectionatinlet,noductconnectionatoutlet, d) ductconnectionatinletandoutlet. EN ISO 12499:2008 (E) BS EN ISO 12499:2008 7 Figure3Guardsforaxialflowandpropellerfans EN ISO 12499:2008 (E) BS EN ISO 12499:2008 8 Key Coolingdisc Shaft Combinedshaft,bearingandcoolingdiscgua