EN ISO 12782-1-2012 en Soil quality - Parameters for geochemical modelling of leaching and speciation of constituents in soils and materials - Part 1 Extraction of amorphous iron o.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 12782-1:2012Soil quality Parametersfor geochemical modellingof leaching and speciationof constituents in soils andmaterialsPart 1: Extraction of amorphous iron oxidesan

2、d hydroxides with ascorbic acidBS EN ISO 12782-1:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO12782-1:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/4, Soil quality.A list of organizations represented on this commi

3、ttee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 66911 8ICS 13.080.05C

4、ompliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM

5、EN ISO 12782-1 June 2012 ICS 13.080.05 English Version Soil quality - Parameters for geochemical modelling of leaching and speciation of constituents in soils and materials - Part 1: Extraction of amorphous iron oxides and hydroxides with ascorbic acid (ISO 12782-1:2012) Qualit du sol - Paramtres po

6、ur la modlisation gochimique de la lixiviation et de la spciation des constituants des sols et des matriaux - Partie 1: Extraction des oxydes et hydroxydes de fer amorphe lacide ascorbique (ISO 12782-1:2012) Bodenbeschaffenheit - Parameter zur geochemischen Modellierung der Elution und Speziation vo

7、n Bestandteilen in Bden und Materialien - Teil 1: Extraktion amorpher Eisenoxide und -hydroxide mittels Ascorbinsure (ISO 12782-1:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 31 May 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions

8、for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in th

9、ree official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards b

10、odies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

11、 United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 127

12、82-1:2012: EBS EN ISO 12782-1:2012EN ISO 12782-1:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 12782-1:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This E

13、uropean Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of th

14、e elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement t

15、his European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerla

16、nd, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 12782-1:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 12782-1:2012 without any modification. BS EN ISO 12782-1:2012ISO 12782-1:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of nation

17、al standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Internatio

18、nal organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules

19、 given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at lea

20、st 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 12782-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190

21、, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 7, Soil and site assessment.ISO 12782 consists of the following parts, under the general title Soil quality Parameters for geochemical modelling of leaching and speciation of constituents in soils and materials: Part 1: Extraction of amorphous iron oxides and hydroxid

22、es with ascorbic acid Part 2: Extraction of crystalline iron oxides and hydroxides with dithionite Part 3: Extraction of aluminium oxides and hydroxides with ammonium oxalate/oxalic acid Part 4: Extraction of humic substances from solid samples Part 5: Extraction of humic substances from aqueous sam

23、ples ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiBS EN ISO 12782-1:2012ISO 12782-1:2012(E)IntroductionIn addition to leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing of soil and other materials including waste, predictive models are becoming indispensable tools in the environmental risk

24、assessment of these materials. Models are particularly required when the results of laboratory leaching tests are to be translated to specific scenarios in the field, with regard to assessing the risks of both contaminant migration and bioavailability.In the past few years, geochemical models have b

25、een shown to be valuable tools to be combined with the data obtained from characterization leaching standards, such as pH-dependence and percolation tests. These models have the advantage of being based on fundamental thermodynamic parameters that have general validity. In order to enable extrapolat

26、ion of laboratory leaching data to the mobility and/or bioavailability of a constituent in a specific field scenario, these models require additional input parameters for specific soil properties (see Figure 1).Key1 experiment2 geochemical speciation modelling3 available metal concentration4 dissolv

27、ed humic substances5 reactive (solid) surfaces6 database with stability constants7 computer program8 assumptionsFigure 1 Relationships between experimental data, as obtained from laboratory leaching/extraction tests, and geochemical modelling of the speciation of a heavy metal in the environment (mo

28、dified after M. Gfeller this portion of material, resulting from the laboratory sample by means of an appropriate method of sample pretreatment, and having the size (volume/mass) necessary for the desired testing or analysisNOTE Adapted from ISO 11074:2005.3.4test portionanalytical portionquantity o

29、f material, of proper size, for measurement of the concentration or other property of interest, removed from the test sampleNOTE 1 The test portion may be taken from the primary sample or from the laboratory sample directly if no preparation of sample is required (e.g. with liquids), but usually it

30、is taken from the prepared test sample.NOTE 2 A unit or increment of proper homogeneity, size, and fineness, needing no further preparation, may be a test portion.ISO 11074:20053.5materialexcavated soil, dredged material, manufactured soil, treated soil and fill material, and other relevant material

31、s, including soil amendments and waste materials4 PrincipleThe extraction principle is based mainly on the reduction of Fe(III) phases to the more soluble Fe(II) phases, as well as on the complexing affinity of ascorbate to extract iron from short-range ordered materials.The analysis should be carri

32、ed out using the ICP-AES technique, e.g. in accordance with ISO 11885.2 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 12782-1:2012ISO 12782-1:2012(E)5 ApparatusThe following apparatus shall be used. All materials that come into contact with the sample (material or reagents) should not contaminate the compou

33、nds to be determined or adsorb the compounds of interest.5.1 Centrifuge tubes, e.g. polycarbonate, of appropriate size, rinsed in accordance with ISO 5667-3.5.2 Centrifuge, preferably at 3 000g. For other appropriate conditions, see Annex A.5.3 End-over-end shaking machine (5 min-1 to 10 min-1 )NOTE

34、 Other shaking methods can be used provided they can be shown to provide equivalent results.5.4 Filter holders for syringes, 0,2 m, cellulose acetate, diameter 30 mm, cleaned with at least 10 ml of distilled water before use.5.5 Usual laboratory glass or plastic ware, rinsed in accordance with ISO 5

35、667-3.5.6 Plastic syringe, 50 ml, rinsed in accordance with ISO 5667-3.5.7 Balance, with an accuracy of at least 1 mg.5.8 Sieving equipment, with a nominal screen size of 2 mm or 4 mm.NOTE Due to sieving, contamination of the sample may occur to an extent which affects the leaching of some constitue

36、nts of concern, e.g. cobalt and tungsten from tungsten carbide equipment or chromium, nickel and molybdenum from stainless-steel equipment.5.9 Sample splitter, for sub-sampling of laboratory samples (optional).5.10 Crushing equipment: jaw crusher or cutting device.NOTE Due to crushing, contamination

37、 of the sample may occur to an extent which affects the leaching of some constituents of concern, e.g. cobalt and tungsten from tungsten carbide equipment or chromium, nickel and molybdenum from stainless-steel equipment.5.11 Equipment for deaeration with nitrogen gas (N2, purity 99,999 %, O25,6.6.2

38、 Sodium hydrogen carbonate, M(NaHCO3) = 84,01 g/mol.6.3 Trisodium citrate dihydrate, M(C6H5Na3O7 2H2O) = 294,1 g/mol.6.4 l(+) ascorbic acid, suitable for biochemistry, M(C6H8O6) = 176,13 g/mol. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 12782-1:2012ISO 12782-1:2012(E)6.6 Nitric acid, c(HNO3) = 0,1 mol/

39、l.7 Sample pretreatment7.1 Sample sizeSampling shall be performed in accordance with the guidelines for preparing a sampling plan for soil materials, as specified in ISO 10381-1 to ISO 10381-6 and for waste in accordance with EN 14899, in order to obtain representative laboratory samples. Obtain a r

40、epresentative laboratory sample of at least 200 g (dry matter) for soil and soil materials and 2 kg (dry matter) for waste material. Follow instructions for sample pretreatment: for soil and soil materials according to ISO 11464; for waste according to CEN/TR 15310-3 and EN 15002.Use a sample splitt

41、er (5.9) or apply coning and quartering to split the sample.NOTE The required size of the laboratory sample is dependent on the particle size distribution of the soil or material to be analysed (see ISO 11277). The specified sample size is generally adequate. In specific cases, a smaller sample size

42、 can be accepted for instance if, for specific reasons, less material is available provided that the test can be carried out as specified in 7.2 and 7.3.Any deviation(s) to accommodate sample size or volume requirements shall be recorded in the test report.7.2 Particle size reduction7.2.1 GeneralThe

43、 tests shall be carried out preferably on material as received.7.2.2 Particle size reduction of soil and soil materialFor soil and soil material, the test portion to be prepared shall have a grain size 2 mm. If oversized material is not of natural origin and exceeds 5 % (mass fraction), the entire o

44、versized fraction shall be separated by sieving (see 5.8) and crushed using suitable crushing equipment (5.10). On no account shall the material be finely ground. Oversized material of natural origin (e.g. stones, pebbles, twigs) in the sample shall be separated and discarded. Irrespective of any ne

45、cessary size reduction, the separate fractions, with the exception of non-crushable and discarded material, shall be mixed to constitute the test sample. If the laboratory sample cannot be crushed or sieved because of its water content, it is permitted, in this case only, to reduce the water content

46、 until the laboratory sample can be sieved. The drying temperature shall not exceed 25 C.7.2.3 Particle size reduction of wasteFor waste, the test shall be carried out on material with a grain size of at least 95 % (mass fraction) 4 mm. Therefore, the laboratory sample shall be sieved (see 5.8). If

47、oversized material exceeds 5 % (mass fraction), the entire oversized fraction shall be crushed using crushing equipment (5.10). On no account shall the material be finely ground. Non-crushable material (e.g. metallic parts such as nuts, bolts, scrap) in the sample shall be separated and the mass and

48、 nature of the material shall be recorded. The method of size reduction applied shall be documented and recorded in the test report. Irrespective of any necessary size reduction, the separate fractions, with the exception of the non-crushable material and the material that may be used according to t

49、he second paragraph after Note 1, shall be mixed to constitute the test sample. If the laboratory sample cannot be crushed or sieved because of its moisture content, it is permitted, in this case only, to reduce the water content until the laboratory sample can be sieved. The drying temperature shall not exceed 25 C. Any necessary deviation in the drying procedure shall be given in the test report.NOTE 1 Fibrous materials and plastics can often be reduced in size after cryogenic treatment.Any drying step can change other properties of th