1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 12932:2013W e l d i n g L a s e r - a r c h y b r i d welding of steels, nickel and nickel alloys Quality levels for imperfectionsBS EN ISO 12932:2013 BRITISH STANDARDN
2、ational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation ofEN ISO 12932:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/-/1, Briefing committee for welding.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Th
3、is publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 70672 1 ICS 25.160.40 Compliance with a British Standard cannot conf
4、er immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 12932 June 2013 ICS 25.160
5、.40 English Version Welding - Laser-arc hybrid welding of steels, nickel and nickel alloys - Quality levels for imperfections (ISO 12932:2013) Soudage - Soudage hybride laser-arc des aciers, du nickel et des alliages de nickel - Niveaux de qualit par rapport aux dfauts (ISO 12932:2013) Schweien - La
6、serstrahl-Lichtbogen-Hybridschweien von Sthlen, Nickel und Nickellegierungen - Bewertungsgruppen fr Unregelmigkeiten (ISO 12932:2013) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 March 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions f
7、or giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in thr
8、ee official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bo
9、dies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
10、Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN
11、 national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 12932:2013: EBS EN ISO 12932:2013EN ISO 12932:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 12932:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 “Welding and allied processes“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding and allied processes”
12、 the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2013. Atten
13、tion is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
14、the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Nethe
15、rlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 12932:2013 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 12932:2013 without any modification. BS EN ISO 12932:2013ISO 12932:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights re
16、served iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Symbols 35 Assessment of imperfections . 4Annex A (informative) Examples of determination of percentage (%) porosity .22Annex B (informative) Additional information and guidelines for use
17、of this International Standard .24Bibliography .25BS EN ISO 12932:2013ISO 12932:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out th
18、rough ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collab
19、orates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standa
20、rds. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of th
21、is document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 12932 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 10, Unification of requirements in the field of metal welding.Reques
22、ts for official interpretation of any aspect of this International Standard should be directed to the secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 10 via your national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 12932:2013ISO 12932:2013(E)In
23、troductionThis International Standard is intended to be used as a reference in drafting application codes and/or other application standards. It contains a simplified selection of laser-arc hybrid welding imperfections based on the designations given in ISO 6520-1.Some imperfections described in ISO
24、 6520-1 have been used directly and some have been grouped together. The basic numerical referencing system from ISO 6520-1 has been used.The purpose of this International Standard is to define the dimensions of typical imperfections which can be expected in normal fabrication. It can be used within
25、 a quality system for the production of welded joints. It provides three sets of dimensional values from which a selection can be made for a particular application. The quality level necessary in each case is defined by the application standard or the responsible designer in conjunction with the man
26、ufacturer, user and/or other parties concerned. The quality level is expected to be prescribed prior to the start of production, preferably at the enquiry or order stage. For special purposes, additional details can be prescribed.The quality levels given in this International Standard provide basic
27、reference data and are not specifically related to any particular application. They refer to the types of welded joint in fabrication and not to the complete product or component itself. It is possible, therefore, that different quality levels are applied to individual welded joints in the same prod
28、uct or component.It would normally be expected that for a particular welded joint the dimensional limits for imperfections can all be covered by specifying one quality level. In some cases, it can be necessary to specify different quality levels for different imperfections in the same welded joint.T
29、he choice of quality level for any application is expected to take account of design considerations, subsequent processing (e.g. surfacing), mode of stressing (e.g. static, dynamic), service conditions (e.g. temperature, environment) and consequences of failure. Economic factors are also important a
30、nd are intended to include not only the cost of welding, but also of inspection, test and repair.Although this International Standard includes types of imperfection relevant to the laser-arc hybrid welding processes given in Clause 1, only those which are applicable to the process and application in
31、 question need to be considered.Imperfections are quoted in terms of their actual dimensions, and their detection and evaluation may require the use of one or more methods of non-destructive testing. The detection and sizing of imperfections are dependent on the inspection methods and the extent of
32、testing specified in the application standard or contract.This International Standard does not address the methods used for the detection of imperfections. However, ISO 17635 contains a correlation between the quality level and acceptance level for different NDT methods.This International Standard i
33、s directly applicable to visual examination of welds and does not include details of recommended methods of detection or sizing by other non-destructive means. There are difficulties in using these limits to establish appropriate criteria applicable to non-destructive testing methods, such as ultras
34、onic, radiographic and penetrant testing, and they can need to be supplemented by requirements for inspection, examination and testing.The values given for imperfections are for welds produced using normal welding practice. More stringent requirements as stated in quality level B can include additio
35、nal manufacturing processes, e.g. grinding, TIG dressing. ISO 2013 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 12932:2013BS EN ISO 12932:2013Welding Laser-arc hybrid welding of steels, nickel and nickel alloys Quality levels for imperfections1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies quality levels of imperfec
36、tions in laser-arc hybrid welded joints for all types of steel, nickel and its alloys. It applies to material thickness 0,5 mm.Three quality levels are given in order to permit application for a wide range of welded fabrication. They are designated by B, C and D. Quality level B corresponds to the h
37、ighest requirement on the finished weld. The quality levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness-for-purpose (see 3.3) of the product manufactured.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable to it
38、s application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 2553, Welding and allied processes Symbolic representation on drawings Welded, brazed and soldered jointsISO 5817:2003, We
39、lding Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) Quality levels for imperfectionsISO 6520-1, Welding and allied processes Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials Part 1: Fusion welding3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of thi
40、s document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1hybrid weldingwelding in which two or more welding processes are used simultaneously in the same weld poolNote 1 to entry: Hybrid welding differs from combinations of processes where at least two melt pools exist which are completely separated
41、 by a solid component in the solidification phases. Examples of a combined process (a) and a laser-arc hybrid welding process (b) are given in Figure 1 by using a laser beam and the additional energy source of an arc.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12932:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 12
42、932:2013ISO 12932:2013(E)a) Combined process b) Hybrid processKey1 laser beam2 torchFigure 1 Combination of welding processes3.2quality leveldescription of the quality of a weld on the basis of type, size and amount of selected imperfectionsSOURCE: ISO 5817:2003, 3.13.3fitness-for-purposeability of
43、a product, process or service to serve a defined purpose under specific conditionsSOURCE: ISO 5817:2003, 3.23.4short imperfectionimperfection for which, in the 100 mm which contains the greatest number of imperfections, the total length of the imperfections is not greater than 25 mmSOURCE: ISO 5817:
44、2003, 3.3, modified.3.5short imperfectionimperfection in which the total length of the imperfections is not greater than 25 % of the length of the weldSOURCE: ISO 5817:2003, 3.3, modified.3.6systematic imperfectionimperfection that is repeatedly distributed in the weld over the weld length to be exa
45、mined, the size of the single imperfection being within the specified limitsSOURCE: ISO 5817:2003, 3.4, modified.2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 12932:2013ISO 12932:2013(E)3.7projected areaarea where imperfections distributed along the volume of the weld under consideration are imaged two-di
46、mensionallyNote 1 to entry: In contrast to the cross-sectional area, the occurrence of imperfections is dependent on the weld thickness when exposed radiographically (see Figure 2).SOURCE: ISO 5817:2003, 3.5, modified “ Figure 1” has been replaced by “Figure 2”.Key1 direction of X-rays2 four pores p
47、er volume unit3 six-fold thickness4 three-fold thickness5 two-fold thickness6 one-fold thicknessFigure 2 Radiographic films of specimens with identical occurrence of pores per volume unit3.8cross-sectional areaarea to be considered after fracture or sectioningSOURCE: ISO 5817:2003, 3.6.4 SymbolsFor
48、the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply.a nominal throat thickness of the fillet weld (given in ISO 2553)A area surrounded by poresb width of weld reinforcementd diameter of poredAdiameter of pore within area surrounded by poresh height or width of imperfection ISO 2013 All rights
49、 reserved 3BS EN ISO 12932:2013ISO 12932:2013(E)l length of imperfection in longitudinal direction of the weldlplength of projected or fracture surface areas connected cross-section or nominal butt weld thickness (given in ISO 2553)t wall or plate thickness (nominal size)wpwidth of the weld or width or height in case of fracture areaz leg length of a fillet weld (given in ISO 2553) angle of weld toe angle of angular misalignment5 Assessment of imperfectionsLimits to imperfections are given in Table 1. These limi
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