EN ISO 13732-1-2006 en Ergonomics of the thermal environment Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces Part 1 Hot surfaces《热环境的人类工效学 人对表面接触的反应的评定方法 第1部.pdf

1、BS EN ISO13732-1:2008ICS 13.110; 13.180NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDErgonomics of thethermal environment Methods for theassessment of humanresponses to contactwith surfacesPart 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006)This British Standardwas publish

2、ed under the authority of theStandards Policy andStrategy Committee on 31 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 65126 7Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN ISO 13732-1:2008National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO13732-1:2008. It supersedes BS EN ISO 1373

3、2-1:2006 which iswithdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PH/9/1, Thermal environments.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisio

4、nsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.January 2009EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 13732-1September 2006ICS 13.180 Supersedes EN 13202:2000, EN 563:1994 English VersionEr

5、gonomics of the thermal environment - Methods for theassessment of human responses to contact with surfaces - Part1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006)Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques - Mthodesdvaluation de la rponse humaine au contact avec dessurfaces - Partie 1: Surfaces chaudes (ISO 13732-1:2006)E

6、rgonomie der thermischen Umgebung -Bewertungsverfahren fr menschliche Reaktionen beiKontakt mit Oberflchen - Teil 1: Heie Oberflchen (ISO13732-1:2006)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 August 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate

7、 the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in

8、 three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of A

9、ustria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR

10、STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 13732-1:2006: EBS EN ISO 13732-1:2008EN ISO 13

11、732-1:2006 (E) 3 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by Directive 98/79/EC This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Asso

12、ciation to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 98/37/EC, amended by Directive 98/79/EC. Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least o

13、ne Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations. Table ZA.1 Correspondence

14、 between this European Standard and Directive 98/37/EC Clauses/sub-clauses of this European Standard Essential requirements (ERs) of EU Directive 98/37/EC Qualifying remarks/Notes 3, 4, 5.2 to 5.7, and Annex B 1.5.5 WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product

15、s falling within the scope of this standard. BS EN ISO 13732-1:2008ISO 13732-1:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 2 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Burn thresholds 3 4.1 General. 3 4.2 Burn threshold data 4 5 Assessment

16、of risk of burning 10 5.1 Procedure 10 5.2 Identification of hot, touchable surfaces 10 5.3 Task analysis. 11 5.4 Measurements of surface temperatures. 11 5.5 Choice of applicable burn threshold value 12 5.6 Comparison of surface temperature and burn threshold. 13 5.7 Determination of risk of burnin

17、g . 14 5.8 Repetition 14 6 Protective measures. 15 6.1 General. 15 6.2 No risk of burning. 15 6.3 Risk of burning 15 7 Guidance for setting surface temperature limit values 16 7.1 Procedure 16 7.2 Assessment of risk of burning 16 7.3 Decision upon protective measures. 16 7.4 Selection of appropriate

18、 values 16 7.5 Setting of surface temperature limit value. 17 Annex A (informative) Scientific background . 18 Annex B (normative) Contact periods 20 Annex C (informative) Flow charts for application of this part of ISO 13732. 21 Annex D (informative) Thermal properties of selected materials 23 Anne

19、x E (informative) Examples of protective measures against burns . 24 Annex F (informative) Example for assessment of risk of burning 26 Annex G (informative) Examples for setting surface temperature limit values. 31 Annex H (informative) Safety signs for hot surfaces 35 Bibliography . 37 BS EN ISO 1

20、3732-1:2008ISO 13732-1:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical comm

21、ittees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the

22、International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft Internation

23、al Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be th

24、e subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13732-1 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 122, Ergonomics, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subc

25、ommittee SC 5, Ergonomics of the physical environment, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). ISO 13732 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomics of the thermal environment Methods for the assessment of human respon

26、ses to contact with surfaces: Part 1: Hot surfaces Part 2: Human contact with surfaces at moderate temperature Technical Specification Part 3: Cold surfaces BS EN ISO 13732-1:2008ISO 13732-1:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved vIntroduction When human skin comes into contact with a hot solid surfac

27、e, burns may occur. Whether or not they do depends on a number of factors, the most important of which are the temperature of the surface, the material of the surface, the period of contact between the skin and the surface, the structure of the surface, and the sensitivity of the human being who com

28、es into contact with the surface (e.g. child or adult). Other factors can also play a part but are of minor importance. In Annex A the scientific background is presented and in the Bibliography publications concerning the objective are listed. This part of ISO 13732 contains a collection of temperat

29、ure threshold values for burns when the skin is in contact with a hot solid surface (Clause 4). It also contains a method for the assessment of the risk of burning, i.e. the application of the provided ergonomics data within a risk assessment procedure (Clause 5). A further application of the data m

30、ay be the specification of temperature limit values for hot surfaces. Such temperature limit values may be specified in product standards or in regulations in order to prevent human beings sustaining a burn when in contact with the surface of a hot product. Guidance on how to select reasonable tempe

31、rature limit values for that purpose is given in Clause 7. For different products with the same risk of burning it is reasonable to establish identical surface temperature limit values. Therefore, this part of ISO 13732 provides the possibility of harmonizing such temperature limit values for all ki

32、nd of products. Touching a hot surface may take place intentionally, e.g. to operate an electrically or gas powered machine or tool, or unintentionally, when a person is near a hot object. The period of contact with the hot surface will be different if the object is touched intentionally than if it

33、is touched unintentionally. Considering human reaction times and their distribution in the population, 0,5 s is the minimum applicable contact period for unintentional touching of a hot surface for healthy adults on an acceptable safety level. For intentional touching the minimum applicable contact

34、period will be longer. For the application of this part of ISO 13732, it is essential to select a contact period which best represents the real circumstances when a hot product is touched. Guidance for such selection is given in Annex B. The ergonomics data provided in this part of ISO 13732 are mai

35、nly based on scientific research and represent, as far as is known, the behaviour of the human skin when in contact with a hot surface. Some of the data (e.g. burn threshold data for very short contacts of 0,5 s) are not directly based on scientific research but are deduced by extrapolation of the k

36、nown threshold curves or by reasonable conclusion using scientific results. The temperature threshold values provided in this part of ISO 13732 are valid for burning the skin when in contact with hot surfaces. For the time being there are not sufficient scientific data available on the effects of di

37、scomfort and pain to for them to be included in this part of ISO 13732. Some data for pain can be derived from national standards (see Annexes A and the Bibliography). Research projects are planned for obtaining data for discomfort and pain. When the results of these projects are available, this par

38、t of ISO 13732 may be revised in order to also include discomfort and pain temperature threshold values. ISO 13732-2 deals also with discomfort. This part of ISO 13732 does not provide burn data on the skin that comes into contact with liquids or gases. NOTE With the exception of water there are no

39、such data available up to now. For water and liquids with similar heat capacity and heat flow properties burn threshold values for bare metals can be chosen. BS EN ISO 13732-1:2008BS EN ISO 13732-1:2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13732-1:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1Ergonomics of the thermal

40、 environment Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces Part 1: Hot surfaces 1 Scope This part of ISO 13732 provides temperature threshold values for burns that occur when human skin is in contact with a hot solid surface. It also describes methods for the assessment of t

41、he risks of burning, when humans could or might touch hot surfaces with their unprotected skin. This part of ISO 13732 also gives guidance for cases where it is necessary to specify temperature limit values for hot surfaces; it does not set surface temperature limit values. NOTE 1 Such temperature l

42、imit values can be specified in specific product standards or in regulations in order to prevent human beings sustaining burns when in contact with the hot surface of a product. This part of ISO 13732 deals with contact periods of 0,5 s and longer. It is applicable to contact when the surface temper

43、ature is essentially maintained during the contact (see 4.1). It is not applicable if a large area of the skin (approximately 10 % or more of the skin of the whole body) can be in contact with the hot surface. Neither does it apply to skin contact of more than 10 % of the head or contact which could

44、 result in burns of vital areas of the face. NOTE 2 In some cases, the results of contact with a hot surface can be more serious for the individual, for example: burns resulting in the restriction of airways; large burns (more than 10 % of the body surface) that can impair the circulation by fluid l

45、oss; heating of a large proportion of the head or whole body that could lead to unacceptable heat strain even in the absence of burning. This part of ISO 13732 is applicable to the hot surfaces of all kind of objects: equipment, products, buildings, natural objects, etc. For the purposes of simplifi

46、cation, it mentions only products; nevertheless, it applies to all other objects as well. It is applicable to products used in any environment, e.g. in the workplace, in the home. It is applicable to hot surfaces of products that may be touched by healthy adults, children, elderly people and also by

47、 people with physical disabilities. It does not provide data for the protection against discomfort or pain. BS EN ISO 13732-1:2008ISO 13732-1:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For da

48、ted references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments). ISO 7726:1998, Ergonomics of the thermal environment Instruments for measuring physical quantities 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this docume

49、nt, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 touchable surface surface of a product that can be touched by a persons skin 3.2 surface temperature Tstemperature of a materials surface NOTE Surface temperature is expressed in degrees Celsius (C). 3.3 contact period D duration of contact of the skin with the surface NOTE Contact period is expressed in seconds (s). 3.4 thermal inertia product of density (), thermal conductivity (K) and specific thermal capacity (c) of a material 3.5 burn threshold surface temperatur