1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 13849-1:2015Safety of machinery Safety-related parts of control systemsPart 1: General principles for designBS EN ISO 13849-1:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 13849-1:2015.It supersedes BS EN ISO 13849-1
2、:2008 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee MCE/3, Safeguarding of machinery.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisi
3、ons of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 81064 0ICS 13.110; 29.020Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was publish
4、ed under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 13849-1 December 2015 ICS 13.110 Supersedes EN ISO 13849-1:2008English Version Safety of mac
5、hinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2015) Scurit des machines - Parties des systmes de commande relatives la scurit - Partie 1: Principes gnraux de conception (ISO 13849-1:2015) Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitsbezogene Teile von
6、 Steuerungen - Teil 1: Allgemeine Gestaltungsleitstze (ISO 13849-1:2015) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 June 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national sta
7、ndard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in
8、any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Re
9、public, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEA
10、N COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 13849-1:2015 EB
11、S EN ISO 13849-1:2015EN ISO 13849-1:2015 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN ISO 13849-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199 “Safety of machinery” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of machinery” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This Euro
12、pean Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements
13、of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 13849-1:2008. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
14、 Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following count
15、ries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Pol
16、and, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 13849-1:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 13849-1:2015 without any modification. BS EN ISO 13849-1:2015EN ISO 13849-1:2015 (E) 4 Annex ZA (informative) Rela
17、tionship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
18、 New Approach Directive Machinery 2006/42/EC. Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of this standard confers, within the limits
19、 of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with Essential Requirements 1.2.1 of Annex I of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations. WARNING Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard. BS EN ISO 1384
20、9-1:2015ISO 13849-1:2015(E)Foreword vIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms . 23.1 Terms and definitions . 23.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 74 Design considerations 94.1 Safety objectives in design 94.2 Strategy for risk reduction . 1
21、14.2.1 General. 114.2.2 Contribution to the risk reduction by the control system .114.3 Determination of required performance level (PLr) .134.4 Design of SRP/CS 144.5 Evaluation of the achieved performance level PL and relationship with SIL .154.5.1 Performance level PL 154.5.2 Mean time to dangero
22、us failure of each channel (MTTFD) 164.5.3 Diagnostic coverage (DC) 174.5.4 Simplified procedure for estimating the quantifiable aspects of PL 174.5.5 Description of the output part of the SRP/CS by category .194.6 Software safety requirements . 204.6.1 General. 204.6.2 Safety-related embedded softw
23、are (SRESW) .214.6.3 Safety-related application software (SRASW) .224.6.4 Software-based parameterization . 244.7 Verification that achieved PL meets PLr254.8 Ergonomic aspects of design . 265 Safety functions 265.1 Specification of safety functions . 265.2 Details of safety functions 285.2.1 Safety
24、-related stop function 285.2.2 Manual reset function .295.2.3 Start/restart function .295.2.4 Local control function.305.2.5 Muting function 305.2.6 Response time .305.2.7 Safetyrelated parameters . 305.2.8 Fluctuations, loss and restoration of power sources .306 Categories and their relation to MTT
25、FDof each channel, DCavgand CCF 316.1 General 316.2 Specifications of categories . 316.2.1 General. 316.2.2 Designated architectures . 326.2.3 Category B. 326.2.4 Category 1 . 336.2.5 Category 2 . 346.2.6 Category 3 . 356.2.7 Category 4 . 366.3 Combination of SRP/CS to achieve overall PL . 387 Fault
26、 consideration, fault exclusion.407.1 General 407.2 Fault consideration . 40 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 13849-1:2015ISO 13849-1:2015(E)7.3 Fault exclusion 408 Validation 409 Maintenance .4010 Technical documentation .4111 Information for use .41Annex A (informative) Deter
27、mination of required performance level (PLr) 43Annex B (informative) Block method and safety-related block diagram 47Annex C (informative) Calculating or evaluating MTTFDvalues for single components 49Annex D (informative) Simplified method for estimating MTTFDfor each channel 56Annex E (informative
28、) Estimates for diagnostic coverage (DC) for functions and modules 58Annex F (informative) Estimates for common cause failure (CCF) 61Annex G (informative) Systematic failure.63Annex H (informative) Example of combination of several safety-related partsof the control system 66Annex I (informative) E
29、xamples .69Annex J (informative) Software .76Annex K (informative) Numerical representation of Figure 5 79Bibliography .84iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 13849-1:2015ISO 13849-1:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national sta
30、ndards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International or
31、ganizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for it
32、s further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/di
33、rectives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in t
34、he Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions relat
35、ed to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery.This third edition cancels
36、 and replaces the second edition (ISO 13849-1:2006), which has been technically revised. It also incorporates Technical Corrigendum ISO 13849-1:2006/Cor 1:2009. Changes from the previous edition include deletion of the former Table 1 from the Introduction, updating and addition of normative referenc
37、es, modification of the definitions of terms hazardous situation and high demand or continuous mode, addition of a new term and definition, proven in use , editorial, but not technical, modification of Figure 1, a new subclause, 4.5.5, as well as modifications to existing sections including the anne
38、xes, substantial modification of Annex C and an entirely new Annex I.ISO 13849 consists of the following parts, under the general title Safety of machinery Safety-related parts of control systems: Part 1: General principles for design Part 2: Validation ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 13849-
39、1:2015ISO 13849-1:2015(E)IntroductionThe structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows.a) Type-A standards (basis standards) give basic concepts, principles for design and general aspects that can be applied to machinery.b) Type-B standards (generic safety standards) deal wit
40、h one or more safety aspect(s), or one or more type(s) of safeguards that can be used across a wide range of machinery: type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise); type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hands controls, interlocking devices,
41、pressure sensitive devices, guards).c) Type-C standards (machinery safety standards) deal with detailed safety requirements for a particular machine or group of machines.This part of ISO 13849 is a type-B-1 standard as stated in ISO 12100.This document is of relevance, in particular, for the followi
42、ng stakeholder groups representing the market players with regard to machinery safety: machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises); health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organisations, market surveillance etc.).Others can be affected by the level of machinery safe
43、ty achieved with the means of the document by the above-mentioned stakeholder groups: machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises); machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs); service providers, e. g. for maintenance (small, medium and l
44、arge enterprises); consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting process of this document.In addition, this document is intended for standardization bodies elaborating type-C standa
45、rds.The requirements of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type-C standard.For machines which are covered by the scope of a type-C standard and which have been designed and built according to the requirements of that standard, the requirements of that type-C standard take precedence.
46、When provisions of a type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B standards, the provisions of the type-C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of the type-C stan
47、dard.This part of ISO 13849 is intended to give guidance to those involved in the design and assessment of control systems, and to Technical Committees preparing type-B2 or type-C standards which are presumed to comply with the Essential Safety Requirements of Annex I of the Directive 2006/42/EC on
48、machinery. It does not give specific guidance for compliance with other EC directives.As part of the overall risk reduction strategy at a machine, a designer will often choose to achieve some measure of risk reduction through the application of safeguards employing one or more safety functions.vi IS
49、O 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 13849-1:2015ISO 13849-1:2015(E)Parts of machinery control systems that are assigned to provide safety functions are called safety-related parts of control systems (SRP/CS) and these can consist of hardware and software and can either be separate from the machine control system or an integral part of it. In addition to providing safety functions, SRP/CS can also provide operational functions (e.g. two-handed controls as a means of process initiation).The ability of safety-related parts of control
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