1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 13857:2008Safety of machinery Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbsICS 13.110g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g
2、37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN ISO 13857:2008This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 57034 6National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 13857:2008.
3、 It supersedes BS EN 294:1992 and BS EN 811:1997, which are withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/3, Safeguarding of machinery.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does
4、 not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE
5、 NORMEN ISO 13857March 2008ICS 13.110 Supersedes EN 294:1992, EN 811:1996 English VersionSafety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zonesbeing reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008)Scurit des machines - Distances de scurit empchantles membres suprieurs et infrieurs datteindr
6、e les zonesdangereuses (ISO 13857:2008)Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitsabstnde gegen dasErreichen von Gefhrdungsbereichen mit den oberen undunteren Gliedmaen (ISO 13857:2008)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 February 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Inte
7、rnal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN membe
8、r.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members ar
9、e the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerl
10、and and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO
11、13857:2008: EForeword This document (EN ISO 13857:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199 “Safety of machinery“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of machinery“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a
12、 national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subjec
13、t of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 294:1992, EN 811:1996. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and
14、supports essential requirements of EC Directives. For relationship with EC Directives, see informative Annex ZA and ZB, which are integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement
15、this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and t
16、he United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 13857:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 13857:2008 without any modification. BS EN ISO 13857:2008EN ISO 13857:2008 (E) ISO 13857:2008(E) iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and defini
17、tions. 2 4 Safety distances to prevent access by upper and lower limbs . 2 4.1 General. 2 4.2 Safety distances to prevent access by upper limbs . 3 4.3 Safety distances to prevent access by lower limbs 11 Annex A (informative) Use of Tables 1 and 2 with intermediate values . 13 Annex B (informative)
18、 Distances to impede free access by lower limbs . 16 Bibliography . 17 Figure 1 Reaching upwards . 3 Figure 2 Reaching over protective structure . 4 Figure 3 Openings of irregular shape . 10 Figure A.1 Example 1 Table 2 13 Figure A.2 Example 2 Table 2 14 Figure A.3 Example 3 Table 2 15 Figure B.1 Im
19、peding free movement under protective structures. 16 Table 1 Reaching over protective structures Low risk. 5 Table 2 Reaching over protective structures High risk 6 Table 3 Reaching around with limitation of movement. 7 Table 4 Reaching through regular openings Persons of 14 years of age and above .
20、 8 Table 5 Reaching through regular openings Persons of 3 years of age and above . 9 Table 6 Reaching around with additional protective structures 11 Table 7 Reaching through openings of regular shape by lower limbs 12 Table B.1 Distances where access of the lower limbs is restricted 16 BS EN ISO 13
21、857:2008Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this International Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC . 18Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this International Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC 19ISO 13857:2008(E) iv Forewor
22、d ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technica
23、l committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of ele
24、ctrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to th
25、e member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for ide
26、ntifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13857 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery. This first edition of ISO 13857 cancels and replaces ISO 13852:1996 and ISO 13853:1998, of which it constitutes a technical revision. Annex A, giving guidance on how to use Tables 1
27、 and 2 with intermediate values, has been added, and the former Annex A of ISO 13853 has become Annex B. BS EN ISO 13857:2008ISO 13857:2008(E) vIntroduction This document is a type B standard as stated in ISO 12100-1. The provisions of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type C standa
28、rd. For machines which are covered by the scope of a type C standard and which have been designed and built according to the provisions of that standard, the provisions of that type C standard take precedence over the provisions of this type B standard. One method of eliminating or reducing risks ca
29、used by machinery is to make use of safety distances preventing hazard zones from being reached by the upper and lower limbs. In specifying safety distances, a number of aspects have to be taken into consideration, such as reach situations occurring when machinery is being used, reliable surveys of
30、anthropometric data, taking into account population groups likely to be found in the countries concerned, biomechanical factors, such as compression and stretching of parts of the body and limits of joint rotation, technical and practical aspects, and additional measures for particular groups of per
31、sons (e.g. persons with special needs), which could be required due to a deviation from the specified body dimensions. BS EN ISO 13857:2008blank1Safety of machinery Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs 1 Scope This International Standard establishes values
32、for safety distances in both industrial and non-industrial environments to prevent machinery hazard zones being reached. The safety distances are appropriate for protective structures. It also gives information about distances to impede free access by the lower limbs (see 4.3). This International St
33、andard covers people of 14 years and older (the 5thpercentile stature of 14 year olds is approximately 1 400 mm). In addition, for upper limbs only, it provides information for children older than 3 years (5thpercentile stature of 3 year olds is approximately 900 mm) where reaching through openings
34、needs to be addressed. NOTE 1 Data for preventing lower limb access for children is not considered. The distances apply when adequate safety can be achieved by distance alone. Because safety distances depend on size, there will be some people of extreme dimensions who will be able to reach hazard zo
35、nes even when the requirements of this International Standard are complied with. NOTE 2 These safety distances will not provide sufficient protection against certain hazards, for example, radiation and emission of substances. For such hazards, additional or other measures need to be taken. The claus
36、es of the International Standard covering lower limbs apply when access by the upper limbs is not foreseeable according to the risk assessment. The safety distances are intended to protect those persons trying to reach hazard zones under the conditions specified (see 4.1.1). NOTE 3 This Internationa
37、l Standard is not intended to provide measures against reaching a hazard zone by climbing over. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest e
38、dition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 12100-1, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology BS EN ISO 13857:2008ISO 13857:2008(E) ISO 13857:2008(E) 2 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this docum
39、ent, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100-1 and the following apply. 3.1 protective structure safeguard (e.g. a guard, an impeding device) or other physical obstruction (e.g. a part of a machine) which restricts the movement of the body and/or a part of it in order to prevent reaching hazard
40、 zones 3.2 safety distance safe separation distance srminimum distance a protective structure is required to be placed from a hazard zone 4 Safety distances to prevent access by upper and lower limbs 4.1 General 4.1.1 Assumptions The safety distances in this International Standard have been derived
41、by making the following assumptions: the protective structures and any openings in them retain their shape and position; safety distances are measured from the surface restricting the body or the relevant part of the body; persons may force parts of the body over protective structures or through ope
42、nings in an attempt to reach the hazard zone; the reference plane is a level at which persons would normally stand, but is not necessarily the floor (e.g. a working platform could be the reference plane); there is some contact with the reference plane while wearing shoes (use of high-soled shoes, cl
43、imbing and jumping are not included); no aids such as chairs or ladders are used to change the reference plane; no aids such as rods or tools are used to extend the natural reach of the upper limbs. 4.1.2 Risk assessment Before determining the safety distance that prevents people from reaching hazar
44、d zones it is necessary to decide whether to use values for high or low risk. Thus a risk assessment (see ISO 12100-1 and ISO 14121-1) shall be conducted. The risk assessment shall be based on the probability of occurrence of an injury and the foreseeable severity of that injury. An analysis of the
45、technical and human elements on which the risk assessment is dependent is essential to achieving the appropriate selection of data from this International Standard. The risk assessment shall take into account all accesses. Where several tables are used, the most restricting values shall be taken (se
46、e examples in Annex A). NOTE 1 Aspects of frequency, duration, energy, speed and shape of contact surface need to be taken into account when establishing the risk of injury (see ISO 14121-1). Where there is a low risk, at least the values in Table 1 shall be used (see 4.2.2.1.1). Where the risk is n
47、ot low, Table 2, the high risk table, shall be used (see 4.2.2.1.2). BS EN ISO 13857:2008ISO 13857:2008(E) 3NOTE 2 Only risks arising from hazards such as friction or abrasion, where long-term or irreversible damage to the body is not foreseeable, can lead to low risks. The safety distances (sr) giv
48、en in Table 7 apply to persons reaching through openings using the lower limbs in an attempt to reach a hazard zone. If the requirements of this International Standard cannot be complied with, then other safety measures shall be used. 4.2 Safety distances to prevent access by upper limbs 4.2.1 Reach
49、ing upwards 4.2.1.1 Figure 1 shows the safety distance for reaching upwards. 4.2.1.2 If there is a low risk from the hazard zone, then the height of the hazard zone, h, shall be 2 500 mm or more. 4.2.1.3 If there is a high risk (see 4.1.2) from the hazard zone, then the height of the hazard zone, h, shall be 2 700 mm or more. Key 1 hazard zone 2 reference plane h height of hazard zone Figure 1 Reaching upwards BS EN ISO 13857:2008ISO 13857:2008(E) 4 4.2.2 Reaching over protective structures Fi
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