EN ISO 14688-1-2002 8652 Geotechnical investigation and testing - Identification and classification of soil - Part 1 Identification and description (ISO 14688-1 2002)《土工技术的研究和试验 土壤.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 14688-1:2002Incorporating corrigenda nos. 1 and 2Geotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of soil Part 1: Identification and descriptionThe European Standard EN ISO 14688-1:2002 has the status of a British StandardICS 93.020 BS EN ISO +A1:201

2、3Incorporating corrigenda nos. 1 and 2Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013ISBN 978 0 580 73732 9Amendments/corrigenda issued since publi

3、cationAmd. No. Date Comments14181 Corrigendum No. 116 October 2002 Correction to EN ISO foreword page16930 Corrigendum No. 228 February 2007 Revision of National foreword31 December 2013 Implementation of ISO amendment 1:2013 with CEN endorsement A1:2013: Subclause 5.5, paragraph 1 modifiedThis Brit

4、ish Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Building and Civil Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2002 The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards

5、Limited 2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013. It is identical to ISO 14688-1:2002, incorporating amendment 1:2013. It supersedes BS EN ISO 14688-1:2002, which is withdrawn. It partially supersedes BS 5930:1999+A2:2010.The UK participation

6、 in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/526, Geotechnics, to Subcommittee B/526/3, Site investigation and ground testing.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Figure 1 includes a decision box which suggests that all in

7、organic low density soils are of volcanic origin. In practice, other low density inorganic soils are possible, such as loess.The grain size definitions given in Table 1 vary from previous UK practice (as given in BS 5930:1999 and BS 1377:1990) by using a 2,0 mm and 6,3 mm cycle rather than a 2,0 mm

8、and 6,0 mm cycle. This change is to align the grain size definitions with standard sieve sizes. It is noted that there is no effective difference in soil description between 6,0 mm and 6,3 mm.The examples given in 4.3.3 include abbreviations for composite soils. The use of the abbreviations is not u

9、sual in UK practice where the defining terms are spelt out in full. The terms “very” or “slightly” used to describe the secondary fraction are defined in BS 5930:1999.In 5.14 a set of descriptive terms are used to describe consistency. The terminology used is the same as that given in BS 5930:1999,

10、except that in BS 5930:1999 they also had quantitatively defined boundaries. These numerical definitions are no longer available and so the descriptions cannot be checked by the use of field or laboratory tests.The publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. U

11、sers are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-

12、EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 14688-1August 2002ICS 93.020English versionGeotechnical investigation and testing - Identification andclassification of soil - Part 1: Identification and description (ISO14688-1:2002)Recherches et essais gotechniques - Identification etclassifica

13、tion des sols - Partie 1: Identification et description(ISO 14688-1:2002)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 June 2002.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national stand

14、ard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other langua

15、ge made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland,

16、 Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2002 CEN All rights of exploitatio

17、n in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 14688-1:2002 EEN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1September 2013Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license fro

18、m IHS-,-,-CORRECTED 2002-10-02ForewordThis document (EN ISO 14688-1:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC182 “Geotechnics“ in collaborationwith Technical Committee CEN/TC 341 “GeotechnicalInvestigation and Testing“, the secretariat ofwhich is held by DIN.This European Standard shall

19、be given the status of a national standard, eitherbypublicationof an identical text orbyendorsement, at the latest by February 2003, and conflicting nationalstandards shall bewithdrawn at the latest by February 2003.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizati

20、onsofthe following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and theUnited Kingdom.Endorsement noticeThe tex

21、t of ISO 14688-1:2002 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14688-1:2002withoutany modifications.EN ISO 146881:2002BS EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013Foreword to amendment A1EN ISO 14688-1:2002/A1:2013 (E)3ForewordThis document (EN ISO 14688-1:2002/A1:2013) has been prepared by Te

22、chnical Committee ISO/TC 182“Geotechnics“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 341 “Geotechnical Investigation and Testing” the secretariat of which is held by ELOT.This Amendment to the European Standard EN ISO 14688:2002 shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publi

23、cation of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2014.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall

24、 not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmar

25、k, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.Endorsement notic

26、eThe text of ISO 14688-1:2002/Amd 1:2013 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14688-1:2002/A1:2013without any modification.Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INTERNATI

27、ONALSTANDARDISO14688-1First edition2002-08-15Reference numberISO14688-1:2002(E)Geotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of soilPart1:Identification and descriptionRecherches et essais gotechniques I dentification et classification des sols Partie 1: Identification et

28、descriptionEN ISO 146881:2002BS EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EN ISO 146881:2002iiBS EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A

29、1:2013EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of nat

30、ional standards bodies (ISOmember bodies).The work of preparing International Standards isnormally carried out through ISO technicalcommittees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established hasthe right to be represented on that committee. Internationa

31、l organizations, governmental and non-governmental, inliaison withISO,alsotakepart in the work. ISO collaboratesclosely with the International ElectrotechnicalCommission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in

32、 the ISO/IEC Directives, Part3.Draft International Standards adopted bythe technical committees are circulated to the memberbodies for voting.Publication as an International Standard requires approval byat least 75% of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some

33、of the elements of this part of ISO14688 may be the subject of patentrights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.International Standard ISO14688-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC182, Geotechnics,Subcommittee SC1,Geotechnical investigation and te

34、sting.ISO14688 consists of the following parts,under the general title Geotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of soil: Part 1: Identification and description Part 2: Classification principles and quantification of descriptive characteristicsEN ISO 146881:2002iiiBS E

35、N ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under licens

36、e with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Geotechnical investigation and testing I dentification and classification of soilPart1:Identification and description1ScopeThis part of ISO14688, togetherwith ISO14688-2, establishes the basic principles for

37、 the identification andclassification of soilson the basis of those material and mass characteristics most commonly used for soilsforengineering purposes.The relevant characteristics mayvary and therefore,for particular projects or materials, moredetailed subdivisions of the descriptive and classifi

38、cation terms may be appropriate.The general identification and description of soils is based on a flexible system for immediate (field) use byexperienced persons, covering both material and mass characteristics by visual and manual techniques.Details are given of the individual characteristics for i

39、dentifying soilsand the descriptive terms inregularuse,including those related to the results of tests from the field.Thispart of ISO14688 is applicable to natural soils in situ, similar man-made materials in situ and soils redepositedby man. The identification and description of rocks is covered by

40、 ISO14689.The identification and classification of soil for pedological purposes, as well as in the framework of measurements forsoil protection and for remediation of contaminated areas, is covered by ISO11259.2Normative referencesThe following normative documents contain provisions which, through

41、reference inthistext, constitute provisions ofthis part of ISO14688. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publicationsdo not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO14688 are encouraged to investigate thepossibility of applyingthemost re

42、cent editions of the normative documentsindicatedbelow. Forundated references,the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies.Members of ISOand IEC maintain registers ofcurrently valid International Standards.ISO11259, Soil quality S implified soil descriptionISO14688-2, Geotechnica

43、l investigation and testing Identification and classification of soil Part 2:Classification principles and quantification of descriptive characteristicsISO14689, Geotechnical investigation and testing I dentification and description of rock3Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this part of ISO14

44、688, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1soilassemblageof mineral particles and/or organicmatter in the form ofadeposit but sometimes of organic origin, whichcan be separated by gentle mechanical means and which includes variable amounts of water and air (andsometimes other gases)EN ISO 146

45、881:20021BS EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013EN ISO 14688-1:2002+A1:2013Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NOTE1The term is also applied to made ground consisting of repla

46、ced natural soil or man-made materials exhibiting similarbehaviour, e. g. crushed rock, blast-furnace slag, fly-ash.NOTE2Soils may have rock structuresand textures may exist but soils are usually of lower strength than rocks.3.2identification of soilnaming and descriptionof a soil on the basis of it

47、s grading, type of material and characteristics of mineral and/ororganic constituents and plasticity3.3geological structurevariation in composition including bedding and discontinuities3.4discontinuitiesbedding planes, joints, fissures, faults and shearplanes3.5organic mattermatter consisting of pla

48、nt and/or animal organic materials, and the conversion products of those materials, e.g.humusNOTE Organic matter usually hasa veryhigh watercontent.3.6gradingmeasure of the particle sizes of a soil and theirdistribution3.7fractionpart of a soil that can be distinguished on the basis of defined particle sizes3.8plasticityproperty of a cohesive soil to change its mechanical behaviour with change of watercontent3.9volcanic soilspyroclastic materials produced