EN ISO 14688-1-2018 en Geotechnical investigation and testing - Identification and classification of soil - Part 1 Identification and description.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Geotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of soilPart 1: Identification and description (ISO 14688-1:2017)BS EN ISO 14688-1:2018National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementat

2、ion of EN ISO 146881:2018. It is identical to ISO 146881:2017. It supersedes BS EN ISO 146881:2002+A1:2013, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/526/3, Site investigation and ground testing.A list of organizations represented on this commi

3、ttee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 87598 4ICS 93.020C

4、ompliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 146881:20

5、18EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 146881February 2018ICS 13.080.05; 93.020 Supersedes EN ISO 146881:2002EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGCENCENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B1000 Brussels 2018 CEN Ref.

6、 No. EN ISO 146881:2018: EAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national MembersGeotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of soil Part 1: Identification and description (ISO 146881:2017)Reconnaissance et essais gotechniques

7、Identification et classification des sols - Partie 1: Identification et description (ISO 14688-1:2017)Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung Benennung, Beschreibung und Klassifizierung von Boden Teil 1: Benennung und Beschreibung (ISO 146881:2017)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 No

8、vember 2017.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Uptodate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obt

9、ained on application to the CENCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN

10、-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,

11、Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.English VersionEN ISO 146881:2018 (E)European forewordThis document (EN ISO 146881:2018) has been prepared by Technical Commi

12、ttee ISO/TC 182 “Geotechnics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 341 “Geotechnical Investigation and Testing” the secretariat of which is held by BSI.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, a

13、t the latest by August 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2018.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such pate

14、nt rights.This document supersedes EN ISO 146881:2002.According to the CENCENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finlan

15、d, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.Endorsement noticeThe text

16、of ISO 146881:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 146881:2018 without any modification.2BS EN ISO 146881:2018ISO 146881:2017Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 General 35 Identification of soil 45.1 Mineral soil . 45.1.1 General 45.1.2 Composi

17、te soils . 75.1.3 Plasticity 85.1.4 Organic content in mineral soils . 85.2 Organic soils 85.3 Carbonate soils 95.4 Sulfide soils 95.5 Volcanic soils . 95.6 Loess 95.7 Glacial soils . 95.8 Anthropogenic soil . 95.9 Origin of deposit . 105.9.1 General. 105.9.2 Depositional environment 105.9.3 Geologi

18、cal unit 106 Description of soil 106.1 Description of soil properties . 106.1.1 Particle size distribution 106.1.2 Particle shape 106.1.3 Particle strength 116.1.4 Mineral composition 116.1.5 Fines content 116.1.6 Consistency 116.1.7 Soil colours . 126.1.8 Organic content 136.1.9 Carbonate content .

19、136.1.10 Degree of decomposition of peat 136.2 Description of different soil types . 146.2.1 Volcanic soils 146.2.2 Loess 146.2.3 Glacial soils 146.2.4 Anthropogenic soil 157 Description of bedding and discontinuities 157.1 Bedding . 157.2 Discontinuities . 167.3 Interbedding and mixed soils 168 Rep

20、orting .16Annex A (informative) Procedures for identification of the primary fraction in mineral soils .18Bibliography .22 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 146881:2018ISO 146881:2017ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of na

21、tional standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Intern

22、ational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those inten

23、ded for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.

24、iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document wi

25、ll be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meanin

26、g of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.This document was prepared by Technical

27、 Committee ISO/TC 182, Geotechnics.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 146881:2002), which has been technically revised. It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 146881:2002/Amd 1:2013.A list of all parts in the ISO 14688 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 A

28、ll rights reservedBS EN ISO 146881:2018ISO 146881:2017IntroductionThis document gives details of the procedures to be followed in the identification and description of soils. Clauses 4 and 5 provide the rules for soil identification which are used at all stages of ground investigation and geotechnic

29、al design. Clauses 6 and 7 give details of the procedures to be followed by those actually describing soils in the field or laboratory. This comprises the description of the soil material in all aspects and the description of the soil mass characteristics in terms of the bedding and discontinuities.

30、The level of detail in a description will depend on the characteristics of the soil, the size and quality of the soil exposure or sample, and the needs of the particular project. The person carrying out the field identification and description should be suitably qualified, skilled and experienced to

31、 make a correct and appropriate description and experienced in the geological materials involved in the investigation.Practice in soil identification and description varies from country to country, in part reflecting significant differences in geological conditions. In addition, the quality of sampl

32、es available for description vary due to the investigation methods employed, as methods of investigation have been developed in response to the ground conditions present.Following identification and description, ISO 146882 gives the means by which soils can be classified into groups of similar compo

33、sition and geotechnical properties based on the results of field and laboratory tests with respect to their suitability for geotechnical engineering purposes. Test results provide a means of checking the accuracy of the field or laboratory descriptions. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 146881

34、:2018This page deliberately left blankGeotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of soil Part 1: Identification and description (ISO 14688-1:2017)1 ScopeThis document specifies the rules for the identification and description of soils and is intended to be read in conju

35、nction with ISO 146882, which outlines the basis of classification of those material characteristics most commonly used for soils for engineering purposes. The relevant characteristics could vary and therefore, for particular projects or materials, more detailed subdivisions of the descriptive and c

36、lassification terms could be appropriate.This document specifies procedures for the identification and description of soils based on a flexible system for use by experienced persons, covering both material and mass characteristics by visual and manual techniques. Details are given of the individual

37、characteristics for identifying soils and the descriptive terms in regular use, including those related to the results of hand tests carried out in the field as part of the descriptive process.This document is applicable to the description of soils for engineering purposes which can be those laid by

38、 natural processes, those laid by man or comprise synthetic materials.NOTE 1 The identification and description of rocks are covered by ISO 146891. Identification and description of materials intermediate between soil and rocks are carried out using the procedures in this document, ISO 146882 and IS

39、O 146891 as appropriate.NOTE 2 The identification and classification of soil for pedological purposes, as well as in the framework of measurements for soil protection and for remediation of contaminated areas, is covered by ISO 25177.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in t

40、he text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 146882, Geotechnical investigation and

41、 testing Identification and classification of soil Part 2: Principles for a classificationISO 146891, Geotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of rock Part 1: Identification and description3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definit

42、ions given in ISO 146882 and the following apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: ISO Online browsing platform: available at www.iso.org/obp IEC Electropedia: available at www.electropedia.orgINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14688-1:2017

43、ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 146881:2018ISO 14688-1:20173.1anthropogenic soilsoil (3.17) placed by human activity which can be divided into those composed of reworked natural soils and those composed of synthetic materials3.2carbonate soilsoil (3.17) with a significant proportion of calci

44、um carbonate3.3description of soildescription of the type of material, the characteristics of the mineral (inorganic) and/or organic constituents and any fabric, bedding or discontinuities3.4discontinuitiesbedding planes, joints, fissures, faults and shear planes3.5fillanthropogenic soil or rock mat

45、erials placed with engineering control3.6geological structurevariation in composition including bedding and discontinuities (3.4)3.7gradingmeasure of the particle sizes of a soil (3.17) and their distributionNote 1 to entry: See 3.13.3.8identification of soilnaming of a soil (3.17) on the basis of i

46、ts mineral composition, grading (3.7) and/or plasticity (3.16) and/or organic contentNote 1 to entry: The identification may include geological information, such as depositional environment, geological age and geological formation.3.9loesswindblown (aeolian) sediment3.10made groundreconstituted grou

47、ndanthropogenic soil (3.1) or rock materials placed without engineering control3.11mineral soilsoil (3.17) composed largely or entirely of mineral (inorganic) constituents3.12organic soilsoil (3.17) containing a high proportion of plant and/or animal organic materials and the conversion products of

48、those materialsNote 1 to entry: Organic soil has a very low density and usually a very high water content.2 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 146881:2018ISO 14688-1:20173.13particle size distributionmeasure of the particle sizes of a soil (3.17) and their distributionNote 1 to entry: See 3.7.3.1

49、4particle size fractionsize fractionportion of a soil (3.17) defined by a range of particle sizes3.15plastic behaviourpropensity of fine soil (3.17) to undergo permanent deformation when kneaded by handNote 1 to entry: This behaviour, often referred to as the plasticity, depends on water content, mineral composition and particle size fractions.Note 2 to entry: Plasticity can be measured by the Atterberg limits in the laboratory (see ISO 146882).3.16plasticitypropensity to undergo permanent deformation