1、BS EN ISO15536-1:2008ICS 13.180NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDErgonomics Computer manikinsand body templatesPart 1: General requirementsThis British Standardwas published under the authority of theStandards Policy andStrategy Committee on 28Febr
2、uary 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 65125 0Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN ISO 15536-1:2008National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO15536-1:2008. It is identical to ISO 15536-1:2005. It supersedes BS ENISO 15536-1:2005 which is withdrawn.
3、The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PH/9/4, Anthropometry and biomechanics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract.
4、Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 15536-1September 2008ICS 13.180 Supersedes EN ISO 15536-1:2005 English VersionErgonomics - Computer manikins and bod
5、y templates - Part 1:General requirements (ISO 15536-1:2005)Ergonomie - Mannequins informatiss et gabarits humains- Partie 1: Exigences gnrales (ISO 15536-1:2005)Ergonomie - Computer-Manikins undKrperumrissschablonen - Teil 1: AllgemeineAnforderungen (ISO 15536-1:2005)This European Standard was appr
6、oved by CEN on 25 August 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalst
7、andards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified
8、to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Net
9、herlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation i
10、n any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 15536-1:2008: EBS EN ISO 15536-1:2008EN ISO 15536-1:2008 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 15536-1:2005 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics” of the International Organization for Standardi
11、zation (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 15536-1:2008 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by
12、March 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such pat
13、ent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 15536-1:2005. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s). For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative An
14、nexes ZA and ZB, which are integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
15、France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 15536-1:2005 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO
16、 15536-1:2008 without any modification. BS EN ISO 15536-1:2008EN ISO 15536-1:2008 (E) 4 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Com
17、mission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 98/37/EC on machinery, amended by 98/79/EC. Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has been imple
18、mented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA
19、regulations. Table ZA.1 Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of this EN Essential Requirements (ERs) of Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC Qualifying remarks/Notes All clauses Annex I: 1.1.2.d, 3.2, 4.2.1.1, 4.2.1.2, 1
20、.6.1, 1.6.2 - WARNING Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard. BS EN ISO 15536-1:2008EN ISO 15536-1:2008 (E) 5 Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Dire
21、ctive 2006/42/EC This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery. Once this standard is cited in t
22、he Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZB.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of con
23、formity with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations. Table ZB.1 Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 2006/42/EC Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of this EN Essential Requirements (ERs) of Directive 2006/42/EC Qualifying remarks/Notes All c
24、lauses Annex I: 1.1.6, 1.6.1, 1.6.2, 1.1.7, 1.1.8, 3.2 Computer manikins and body templates as described in this standard support a correct design of the operators work space, access openings and manholes. WARNING Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling
25、 within the scope of this standard. BS EN ISO 15536-1:2008ISO 15536-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Accuracy 2 5 Usability . 3 6 Documentation 4 Annex A (informative) Factors affectin
26、g the anthropometric accuracy of manikins and of the analyses and determinations performed using them . 7 Bibliography . 12 BS EN ISO 15536-1:2008ISO 15536-1:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
27、 standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Internationa
28、l organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules
29、given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at lea
30、st 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 15536-1 was prepared by the European Committee for S
31、tandardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 122, Ergonomics, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 3, Anthropometry and biomechanics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). ISO 15536 consists o
32、f the following parts, under the general title Ergonomics Computer manikins and body templates: Part 1: General requirements The following parts are under preparation: Part 2: Structures and dimensions BS EN ISO 15536-1:2008ISO 15536-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved vIntroduction The structure
33、 of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows. a) Type-A standards (basis standards) give basic concepts, principle for design, and general aspects that can be applied to machinery. b) Type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one or more safety aspect(s) or one or more
34、 type(s) of safeguards that can be used across a wide range of machinery: type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise); type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure-sensitive devices, guards). c) Type-C
35、standards (machinery safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a particular machine or group of machines. This part of ISO 15536 is a type-B standard as stated in ISO 12100-1. When provisions of a type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B sta
36、ndards, the provisions of the type-C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of the type-C standard. This part of ISO 15536 concerns requirements which are, to a great extent, independent both of t
37、he state of the art in the currently rapidly developing field of computer manikins and body templates, and of the availability of up-to-date, detailed and representative anthropometric data. The physical characteristics of the human body are one of the starting points in the design of spaces, furnit
38、ure, machines and other equipment. Computer technology is advancing rapidly and allows the construction of computer manikins to model the human body and to simulate human activities. Anthropometrically accurate manikins or body templates can be used, for example, to visualize the geometric relations
39、hip between the human body and the physical environment. Various functions of evaluation can also be integrated into the manikin and manikin system, for example, indication of reach zones, visualization of viewing fields, biomechanical calculation of required strength, and simulation of movements. C
40、omputer manikins are intended to reduce the need for real test persons and the evaluation of physical models and prototypes. However, real persons provide not only their true physical dimensions but also their differing functional and perceptual capabilities as well as their assessment of the ease o
41、f performance, comfort and other properties of the design (see ISO 15537). The computer manikin permits quick, easy and early identification of possible dimensional shortcomings. Critical dimensions restricting operations, such as fitting into a confined space or reaching objects can be quickly asse
42、ssed in relation to extreme body measurements. The dimensioning would otherwise require tests with a large number of test persons. In the use of manikins, several ergonomic aspects (e.g. anthropometric, postural, visual, strength-related, dynamic) are addressed in one and the same test situation. As
43、 a universal design tool, the manikin is particularly useful for entirely novel designs, when no recommendations on the dimensions exist and no reference situations for full-scale evaluation are available. In the design process, the use of computer modelling with a manikin facilitates information ex
44、change and collaboration between different specialists and users. BS EN ISO 15536-1:2008ISO 15536-1:2005(E) vi ISO 2005 All rights reservedWhen used appropriately, computer manikins accelerate the entire design process and reduce the costs of designing. The ergonomic design process is presented as a
45、 whole in EN 614-1. The use of computer manikins does not ensure appropriate design solutions automatically, and they can even be misused. The designer may use them inappropriately, for example, by permitting awkward postures, or by providing too little space for movements. It is possible that he or
46、 she is not aware of the inherent limitations of computer manikins, either in anthropometric, postural or biomechanical respects. As the complexity of the manikin systems increases, the links to the data on these human characteristics can also become difficult or impossible to trace. The manikins an
47、d manikin systems available so far vary with respect to the functions and features they afford, as well as to their accuracy and usability. At the present developmental stage, the most sophisticated manikin systems may require powerful hardware and specially trained users, and they may be unavailabl
48、e to many designers. The most simple ones may be easy to use but are of restricted value for designing. The systems may also differently emphasise such components as anthropometric accuracy, biomechanical capabilities, graphical visualisation, geometric design, simulation and animation. The choice o
49、f manikin and the associated design system is, to a great extent, a trade-off between these different features. Broad experience of the field and a high level of care are necessary when choosing and using the manikin system, and for controlling the effects of other external parameters, however sophisticated the manikin system may be. BS EN ISO 15536-1:2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15536-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1Ergonomics Computer manikins and body templates Part 1: General requirements IMPORTANT The application of t
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