EN ISO 16000-12-2008 en Indoor air - Part 12 Sampling strategy for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) .pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 16000-12:2008Indoor air Part 12: Sampling strategy for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)ICS 13.040.20g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g5

2、6g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN ISO 16000-12:2008This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2008 BSI 20

3、08ISBN 978 0 580 56562 5National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 16000-12:2008.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/2, Air quality, to Subcommittee EH/2/3, Ambient atmospheres.A list of organizations represented on this comm

4、ittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments/corrigenda issued s

5、ince publicationDate CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 16000-12April 2008ICS 13.040.20English VersionIndoor air - Part 12: Sampling strategy for polychlorinatedbiphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs),polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polycyclic

6、 aromatichydrocarbons (PAHs) (ISO 16000-12:2008)Air intrieur - Partie 12: Stratgie dchantillonnage despolychlorobiphnyles (PCB), des polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxines (PCDD), des polychlorodibenzofuranes (PCDF) etdes hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) (ISO16000-12:2008)Innenraumluftverunreinig

7、ungen - Teil 12:Probenahmestrategie fr polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB),polychlorierte Dibenzo-p-dioxine (PCDD), polychlorierteDibenzofurane (PCDF) und polycyclische aromatischeKohlenwasserstoffe (PAH) (ISO 16000-12:2008)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 March 2008.CEN members are bound

8、 to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN M

9、anagement Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as

10、 theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovaki

11、a, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for C

12、EN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 16000-12:2008: EForeword This document (EN ISO 16000-12:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146 “Air Quality“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air Quality“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shal

13、l be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this docu

14、ment may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard:

15、Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endor

16、sement notice The text of ISO 16000-12:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 16000-12:2008 without any modification. BS EN ISO 16000-12:2008iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction . vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Sources and incidence of PCBs, PCDDs/PCDFs and PAHs 1 4 Measurement

17、procedure 3 5 Measurement planning. 4 Annex A (informative) Structures, toxicity and calculation of toxic equivalents 9 Annex B (informative) Procedure for investigating possible sources of indoor PCB pollution with a view to possible renovation 13 Annex C (informative) Indoor investigations for PCD

18、Ds/PCDFs after fires . 15 Bibliography . 16 BS EN ISO 16000-12:2008iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO techni

19、cal committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely w

20、ith the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft Int

21、ernational Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document m

22、ay be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16000-12 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 6, Indoor air. ISO 16000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Indoor air

23、Part 1: General aspects of sampling strategy Part 2: Sampling strategy for formaldehyde Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds Active sampling method Part 4: Determination of formaldehyde Diffusive sampling method Part 5: Sampling strategy for volatile organic compounds (

24、VOCs) Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on Tenax TAsorbent, thermal desorption and gas-chromatography using MS/FID Part 7: Sampling strategy for determination of airborne asbestos fibre concentrations Part 8: Determination of local

25、mean ages of air in buildings for characterizing ventilation conditions Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and furnishing Emission test chamber method Part 10: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products a

26、nd furnishing Emission test cell method Part 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and furnishing Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens Part 12: Sampling strategy for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p

27、-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Part 13: Determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) Collection on sorbent-backed fil

28、ters BS EN ISO 16000-12:2008v Part 14: Determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) Extraction, clean-up and analysis by high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry Part 15: Sam

29、pling strategy for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Part 16: Detection and enumeration of moulds Sampling by filtration Part 17: Detection and enumeration of moulds Culture-based method Part 23: Performance test for evaluating the reduction of formaldehyde concentrations by sorptive building materials The fol

30、lowing parts are under preparation: Part 18: Detection and enumeration of moulds Sampling by impaction Part 19: Sampling strategy for moulds Part 24: Performance test for evaluating the reduction of the concentrations of volatile organic compounds and carbonyl compounds (except formaldehyde) by sorp

31、tive building materials Part 25: Determination of the emission of semi-volatile organic compounds for building products Micro-chamber method Part 27: Standard method for the quantitative analysis of asbestos fibres in settled dust Part 28: Sensory evaluation of emissions from building materials and

32、products The following parts are planned: Part 20: Detection and enumeration of moulds Sampling from house dust Part 21: Detection and enumeration of moulds Sampling from materials Part 22: Detection and enumeration of moulds Molecular methods Furthermore, VOC measurements by pumped and diffusive sa

33、mpling are specified in: ISO 16017-1, Indoor, ambient and workplace air Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography Part 1: Pumped sampling ISO 16017-2, Indoor, ambient and workplace air Sampling and analysis of volatile organic

34、 compounds by sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography Part 2: Diffusive sampling BS EN ISO 16000-12:2008vi Introduction ISO 16000 (all parts) specifies general requirements relating to the measurement of indoor air pollutants and the necessary conditions to be observed before or

35、 during the sampling of individual pollutants or groups of pollutants as well as the measurement procedures themselves (see Foreword). Sampling of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) also known as polychlorinated oxanthrenes, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans

36、(PCDFs) in indoor air is described in ISO 16000-13 whereas the corresponding extraction, clean-up and analysis by high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is specified in ISO 16000-14. For sampling and analysis of PAHs, ISO 12884 may be employed. Several PCBs, PCDDs/PCDFs, and PAHs are c

37、onsidered to be potential human carcinogens. There are 209 individual PCBs (congeners), 75 PCDDs and 135 PCDFs. The most toxic PCBs are those that are coplanar and structurally similar to PCDDs. The most toxic PCDD is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). The toxicity of PCBs and PCDDs

38、/PCDFs are calculated according to an internationally accepted system (see Annex A and Reference 1). In 1997 (updated in 2005), a group of experts of the World Health Organization (WHO) fixed toxic equivalent factors (TEFs) for PCDDs/PCDFs and 12 PCBs, known as dioxin-like PCBs (Reference 1) (see An

39、nex A). These 12 dioxin-like PCBs consist of four non-ortho PCBs and eight mono-ortho PCBs (no or only one chlorine atom in 2-, 2-, 6- and 6-position), having a planar or mostly planar structure, see Table A.2. The principal sources of PCDDs/PCDFs in indoor air are impurities in wood preservatives c

40、ontaining pentachlorophenol (PCP) and emissions from fires involving chlorinated products. PCBs are emitted into the indoor air primarily from concrete sealers, certain paints, or electrical capacitors; their use for these applications has been banned in many countries in recent years. Emissions fro

41、m nearby landfills and abandoned industrial sites may also contribute PCBs and PCDDs/PCDFs to the indoor environment. The major origin of PAHs indoors is from combustion processes (mostly tobacco smoke and smoke from open fires). Except for the case where there are direct indoor sources, PCBs and PC

42、DDs/PCDFs enter indoor air from ambient air by ventilation. However, in ambient air these compounds are usually found at extremely low concentrations; e.g. several femtograms per cubic meter for PCDDs/PCDFs and about 10 pg/m3to several hundred picograms per cubic meter for total PCBs. The compounds

43、addressed in this part of ISO 16000 are usually distributed between the gas and particle phases in ambient or indoor air, depending on the temperature, humidity, degree of chlorination, their concentration and capacity to associate with suspended particulate matter. Separate analyses of the filter a

44、nd vapour trap will not reflect the original atmospheric phase distributions at normal ambient temperatures because of volatilization of compounds from the filter and should not be attempted. Shipping of PCDD/PCDF standard reference materials shall comply with national legal regulations. They shall

45、be transported in special containers that are commercially available. Handling should only be done by trained operators. The sampling strategy specified in this part of ISO 16000 presupposes familiarity with ISO 16000-1. This part of ISO 16000 uses the definition of indoor environments given by the

46、Expert Council on Environmental Matters (see ISO 16000-1 and Reference 2): dwellings having living rooms, bedrooms, DIY (do-it-yourself) rooms, sports rooms and cellars, kitchens and bathrooms; workrooms or work places in buildings that are not subject to health and safety inspections in regard to a

47、ir pollutants (e.g. offices, sales premises); public buildings e.g. hospitals, schools, kindergartens, sport halls, libraries, restaurants and bars, theaters, cinemas or other function rooms); and the interiors of private and public transport vehicles. This part of ISO 16000 is based on VDI 4300-23.

48、 BS EN ISO 16000-12:20081Indoor air Part 12: Sampling strategy for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 1 Scope This part of ISO 16000 specifies the planning of measurements for

49、polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) also known as polychlorinated oxanthrenes, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor air. In the case of indoor air measurements, the careful planning of sampling and the entire measurement strategy are of particular significance since the result of the measurement may have far-reaching consequences, e.g. with respect to the need for remedial act