1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 16665:2013Water quality Guidelinesfor quantitative sampling andsample processing of marinesoft-bottom macrofaunaIncorporating corrigendum April 2014BS EN ISO 16665:2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 16665:2013. It is ident
2、ical to ISO 16665:2014. It supersedes BS EN ISO 16665:2005 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/3, Water quality, to Subcommittee EH/3/5, Biological Methods.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on reque
3、st to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 85761 4ICS 13.060.10; 13.060.70Compliance with
4、a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected30 April 2014 Implementation of CEN correction no
5、tice 22 January 2014: Updated ISO identifiers on CEN title page and forewordBRITISH STANDARDEUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any
6、 form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 16665:2013 EEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 16665 December 2013 ICS 13.060.70; 13.060.10 English Version Water quality - Guidelines for quantitative sampling and sample processing of marine s
7、oft-bottom macrofauna (ISO 16665:2014)Qualit de leau - Lignes directrices pour lchantillonnage quantitatif et le traitement dchantillons de la macrofaune marine des fonds meubles (ISO 16665:2014) Wasserbeschaffenheit - Anleitung fr die quantitative Probenahme und Probenbearbeitung mariner Weichboden
8、-Makrofauna (ISO 16665:2014) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 December 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date
9、lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation un
10、der the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former
11、 Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. BS EN ISO 16665:2013EN ISO 16665:2013 (E) 3 For
12、eword This document (EN ISO 16665:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147 “Water quality” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either b
13、y publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC
14、 shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 16665:2005. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium
15、, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerla
16、nd, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 16665:2014 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16665:2013 without any modification. BS EN ISO 16665:2013ISO 16665:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Terms and definitions . 12
17、.1 Ecological or biological concepts 22.2 Surveys and samples 23 Strategies and objectives for soft-bottom faunal surveys 33.1 Sampling programme and plan 33.2 Positioning of sampling stations 33.3 Reference stations 53.4 Types of survey . 53.5 Change in sampling programme and intercalibration 84 Sa
18、mpling 84.1 Documentation and field log . 84.2 Sampling and sample processing in the field 104.3 Sample fixation 134.4 Background environmental descriptors 145 Sample processing in the laboratory 175.1 Sorting . 175.2 Sample residue . 186 Taxon determination and quantification .186.1 Level of identi
19、fication and taxon lists . 186.2 Quantification . 196.3 Reference collection 196.4 Biomass 206.5 Data reporting 206.6 Storage and archiving . 207 Quality assurance and quality control 217.1 General 217.2 Auditing 217.3 Equipment calibration and operating safety 217.4 Training 227.5 Checklists, sampl
20、e log and anomaly reporting .227.6 Quality of sample sorting 227.7 Quality of taxon identification 227.8 Identification literature 237.9 Reference and collection 23Annex A (informative) Sampling devices 24Annex B (informative) Processing of samples with live specimens 29Annex C (informative) Biomass
21、 measurements .30Annex D (informative) Processing particularly large samples 32Bibliography .33BS EN ISO 16665:2013ISO 16665:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Inter
22、national Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison wit
23、h ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives,
24、 Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, www.iso.org/directives.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the el
25、ements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations recei
26、ved, www.iso.org/patents.Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence
27、 to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 5, Biological methods.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 1
28、6665:2005), which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 16665:2013ISO 16665:2014(E)IntroductionAnalysis of macrofaunal communities in soft-bottom sediments is an integral part of marine environmental assessment. The faunal composition, in terms of both the species pre
29、sent and their relative abundance, reflects integrated environmental conditions in the survey area over a period of time. The composition and structure of soft-bottom macrofaunal communities therefore can be used to characterize environmental conditions and estimate the extent of environmental impac
30、t.Characterization of environmental conditions is usually based on quantitative methods, in this case by relating the numbers of species and individuals captured to a known area of sea floor. For accurate data interpretation, it is essential to add information on the geophysicochemical characteristi
31、cs or properties of the water masses and bottom sediments, including nutrients, oxygenation, and redox state where appropriate.For effective data utilization and quality assurance (QA) of the work carried out, it is beneficial and may be essential (depending on the individual survey aims) that surve
32、ys be intercomparable temporally, spatially, and between operators. This International Standard contributes to ongoing work on QA of data from soft-bottom macrofaunal surveys. These guidelines primarily aim to assist in standardizing monitoring surveys carried out for commercial purposes or in conne
33、ction with the EU Water Framework Directive. For this reason, detailed specifications are given in areas of consequence for data intercompatibility.Where appropriate, costbenefit issues have been taken into consideration, and accepted minimal requirements for general environmental impact assessment
34、have been given. The cited minimum requirements for accuracy are not intended to satisfy research needs or to provide a full ecological understanding of the sampling area. Designers of programmes for research or other studies requiring a detailed knowledge of soft-bottom macrofauna should consult th
35、e guidelines given in Reference 13 for decisions on survey design and sampling frequency.This International Standard applies to all areas of the sea floor where it is possible to collect faunal samples by a grab or coring device. For practical reasons, this applies to animals retained on a mesh scre
36、en of 0,5 mm or 1 mm aperture size.The sensitivity of the method, here defined as detection of faunal disturbance, change in taxon composition or faunal mapping, is dependent on the survey design, the type of environmental influences present in the area and on the level of competence or standardizat
37、ion of the personnel. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 16665:2013BS EN ISO 16665:2013Water quality Guidelines for quantitative sampling and sample processing of marine soft-bottom macrofaunaWARNING Persons using this document should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This document d
38、oes not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the employer or user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.IMPORTANT It is absolutely essential that tes
39、ts conducted in accordance with this document be carried out by suitably trained staff.1 ScopeThis International Standard provides guidelines on the quantitative collection and processing of subtidal soft-bottom macrofaunal samples in marine waters.This International Standard encompasses:a) developm
40、ent of the sampling programme;b) requirements for sampling equipment;c) sampling and sample treatment in the field;d) sorting and species identification;e) storage of collected and processed material.This International Standard does not specifically address the following, although some elements may
41、be applicable: bioassay sub-sampling; deep water (750 m) or offshore sampling; in situ faunal studies, e.g. recolonization assays; non-benthic organisms caught in the sampling device; estuarine sampling; intertidal sampling; meiofaunal sampling and analysis (see Reference 9); sampling by dredge and
42、sledge; self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) sampling; statistical design.Accuracy of position fixing is determined by the geographical area, equipment used and survey objective.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.INTER
43、NATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16665:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 16665:2013ISO 16665:2014(E)2.1 Ecological or biological concepts2.1.1benthicdwelling at the bottom of an aquatic environment2.1.2benthic macrofaunabottom-dwelling animals retained on a mesh screen of 0,5 mm or 1 mm aperture
44、size2.1.3receiving water bodyrecipientrecipient water bodywater body which receives an input of material of either natural or anthropogenic originNote 1 to entry: The term often appears in the context of organic enrichment by, for example, effluent from municipal waste water outlets or industrial pr
45、ocessed water. The macrofaunal part of receiving water body surveys describe the state of organic enrichment in a given area.SOURCE: ISO 5667-19:2004,3definition 3.4, modified in the Note to entry, “contamination” has been replaced by “organic enrichment”, and it is further specified that the terms
46、apply to the macrofaunal part of receiving water body surveys2.1.4soft bottomareas of sea floor consisting of loose deposited particles including clay, mud, sand and gravel, shells and maerl, also including mixed substrata with gravels, small stones and pebbles scattered on a bed of finer material,
47、but excluding cobbles2.1.5soft-bottom faunaanimals living on, or completely or partially buried in, soft-bottom sediments2.1.6sublittoralportion of the shore which is either totally immersed or only uncovered by the receding tide infrequently and then for very short period (i.e. below the littoral z
48、one)2.2 Surveys and samples2.2.1baseline surveyenvironmental impact assessmentsurvey with emphasis on characterization and description of biotic and abiotic conditions in the survey area, which provides the basis for future monitoring and/or follow-up surveysSOURCE: ISO 5667-19:2004,3definition 3.2,
49、 modified “classification” changed to “characterization”; “biotic and abiotic” added2.2.2reference stationone or more sampling stations chosen to represent environmental conditions in a given area, i.e. free from direct anthropogenic influences2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 16665:2013ISO 16665:2014(E)2.2.3reference collectioncollection of identified specimens, used for reference purposesNote 1 to entry: Institute reference collections are usually verified by an appropriate and approved taxonomic specialist. In addition
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