1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 17201-1:2005Acoustics Noise from shooting ranges Part 1: Determination of muzzle blast by measurementICS 95.020; 17.140.20; 97.220.10g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g
2、55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58IncorporatingcorrigendumApril 2009 National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 17201-1:2005. It is identical with ISO 17201-1:2005, incorporating corrigendum April 2009.The start and finish of text introduced or
3、 altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by ISO corrigendum April 2009 is indicated in the text by .The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/1/3, Acoustics Residential and industrial noise.A list of organizations represented on thi
4、s committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN ISO 17201-1:2005Am
5、endments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 31 July 2009 Implementation of ISO corrigendum April 2009This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committeeon 30 December 2005 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 67613 0EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEE
6、UROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 17201-1August 2005ICS 95.020; 17.140.20; 97.220.10English VersionAcoustics - Noise from shooting ranges - Part 1: Determinationof muzzle blast by measurement (ISO 17201-1:2005)Acoustique - Bruit des stands de tir - Partie 1: Mesurage delnergie sonore en sortie de bouche (ISO 172
7、01-1:2005)Akustik - Gerusche von Schiepltzen - Teil 1:Bestimmung des Mndungsknalls durch Messung (ISO17201-1:2005)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 31 July 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this Europe
8、anStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, Fre
9、nch, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republi
10、c, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEU
11、ROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 17201-1:2005: EForeword This document (EN ISO 17201-1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Co
12、mmittee ISO/TC 43 “Acoustics“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 211 “Acoustics“, the secretariat of which is held by DS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 200
13、6, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2006. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark
14、, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 17201-1:2005 has been approved by CEN as E
15、N ISO 17201-1:2005 without any modifications. EN ISO 17201-1:2005BS EN ISO 17201-1:2005iiiContents Page Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Gun and ammunition 5 4.1 General. 5 4.2 Gun. 5 4.3 Ammunition . 6 4.4 Ballistic parameters 6 4.5 Test situation.
16、7 4.6 Other features . 7 5 Basic concept for measurement and analysis 8 5.1 General. 8 5.2 Quantity to be measured 8 5.3 Angular source energy distribution level. 10 5.4 Interpolated angular source energy distribution level 10 5.5 Source energy level 11 5.6 Directivity. 11 6 Measurement site 11 6.1
17、Site 11 6.2 Weather conditions. 11 7 Measurement planning. 12 7.1 General remarks 12 7.2 Gun. 12 7.3 Measurement position 12 7.4 Measurement equipment . 12 7.5 Dealing with projectile sound 13 8 Calibration and validation 13 9 Measurement procedures 13 9.1 General. 13 9.2 Ground reflection correctio
18、n . 14 10 Control of measurement layout. 14 11 Measurement uncertainty 14 11.1 General. 14 11.2 Empirical part 15 12 Report 16 Annex A (informative) Small arms glossary 17 Annex B (informative) Example 30 Annex C (informative) Guidance on the measurement uncertainty 37 Bibliography . 40 EN ISO 17201
19、-1:2005BS EN ISO 17201-1:2005blankvIntroduction To obtain reliable data for the prediction of shooting sound levels at a reception point, the energy of sound emission produced by the muzzle blast is needed. The muzzle blast is produced by the propellant gas expelled from the barrel of a weapon; in m
20、ost cases the gas has a supersonic fluid speed. Close to the muzzle, the sound pressure is very high and cannot be described with linear acoustics. For the purposes of this part of ISO 17201, the non-linear region is defined by the observation of a peak sound pressure level of 154 dB or more. This p
21、art of ISO 17201 defines how the sound source energy and directivity of the muzzle blast can be obtained from the measurement of sound exposure levels and how these measurements are to be carried out. The source energy, its directivity and spectral structure may be used as input for sound propagatio
22、n models for environmental noise assessment. This cannot be used for calculations of sound exposure levels close to the weapon, for instance to estimate injury to people or animals. EN ISO 17201-1:2005BS EN ISO 17201-1:2005blank1Acoustics Noise from shooting ranges Part 1: Determination of muzzle bl
23、ast by measurement 1 Scope This part of ISO 17201 specifies a method to determine the acoustic source energy of the muzzle blast for calibres of less than 20 mm or explosive charges of less than 50 g TNT equivalent. It is applicable at distances where peak pressures less than 1 kPa (equivalent to a
24、peak sound pressure level of 154 dB) are observed. The source energy, directivity of the source and their spectral structure determined by this procedure can be used as input data to sound propagation programmes, enabling prediction of shooting noise in the neighbourhood of shooting ranges. Addition
25、ally, the data can be used to compare sound emission from different types of guns or different types of ammunition used with the same gun. This part of ISO 17201 is applicable to guns used in civil shooting ranges but it can also be applied to military guns. It is not applicable to the assessment of
26、 hearing damage or sound levels in the non-linear region. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (inc
27、luding any amendments) applies. ISO 9613-1, Acoustics Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors Part 1: Calculation of the absorption of sound by the atmosphere IEC 60942:2003, Electroacoustics Sound calibrators IEC 61672-1:2002, Electroacoustics Sound level meters Part 1: Specifications 1)3
28、Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 instantaneous sound pressure p total instantaneous pressure at a point, in the presence of a sound wave, minus the atmospheric pressure at that point NOTE The instantaneous sound pressure is expre
29、ssed in pascals. 1) Amalgamated revision of IEC 60651 and IEC 60804. EN ISO 17201-1:2005BS EN ISO 17201-1:20052 3.2 sound pressure level Lpten times the logarithm to the base of 10 of the square of the ratio of a given root-mean-square sound pressure to the reference sound pressure NOTE 1 The refere
30、nce sound pressure is 20 Pa. NOTE 2 The sound pressure level is expressed in decibels. NOTE 3 The sound pressure level can be frequency weighted and time weighted. 3.3 peak sound pressure ppeakmaximum absolute value of the instantaneous sound pressure during a stated time interval NOTE The peak soun
31、d pressure is expressed in pascals. 3.4 peak sound pressure level Lpeakten times the logarithm to the base of 10 of the square of the ratio of the peak sound pressure to the reference sound pressure of 20 Pa NOTE The peak sound pressure level is expressed in decibels. 3.5 event duration T stated tim
32、e interval, long enough to encompass all significant sound of a stated event NOTE The event duration is expressed in seconds. 3.6 sound exposure E time integral of frequency-weighted squared instantaneous sound pressure ()2dTE pt t=(1) NOTE The sound exposure is expressed in pascal-squared seconds (
33、Pa2s). 3.7 sound exposure level LEten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the sound exposure, E, to the reference sound exposure, E0, the sound exposure being the time integral of the time-varying square of the frequency-weighted instantaneous sound pressure over a stated time interva
34、l, T, or an event 010 lg dBEELE=(2) NOTE E0is equal to the square of the reference sound pressure of 20 Pa multiplied by the time interval of 1 s (400 Pa21 s). EN ISO 17201-1:2005BS EN ISO 17201-1:200533.8 source energy Q total sound source energy of the event NOTE 1 The source energy is expressed i
35、n joules. NOTE 2 The reference to 1 s yields the sound power LWof a repeated event as defined in ISO 3741 and ISO 3745. 3.9 source energy level LQten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of source energy, Q, to the reference source energy, Q0010 lgQQLQ=dB (3) where Q0= 1012J NOTE The sour
36、ce energy level is expressed in decibels. 3.10 angular source energy distribution ()qS acoustic energy radiated from the source into the far field, per unit solid angle NOTE 1 The acoustic energy radiated by the source within a narrow cone centred on the direction is d()dqQS = (4) NOTE 2 is the soli
37、d angle expressed in steradians. NOTE 3 The angular source energy distribution ()qS is expressed in joules per steradian (Jsr1). NOTE 4 Rotational symmetry is assumed around the line with = 0. 3.11 interpolated angular source energy distribution ()qS continuous function in of the source energy distr
38、ibution ( )qS , derived by using a defined interpolation method NOTE The interpolated angular source energy distribution, ()qS , is expressed in joules per steradian (Jsr1). 3.12 angular source energy distribution level ()qL angular source energy distribution as a level relative to 1012J 0()() 10lg(
39、)qqqSLS=dB (5) where 012 1() 10 JsrqS = NOTE The angular source energy distribution level, ()qL , is expressed in decibels. EN ISO 17201-1:2005BS EN ISO 17201-1:20054 3.13 interpolated angular source energy distribution level ()qL continuous function in of the angular source energy distribution leve
40、l, ()qL , derived by using a defined interpolation method NOTE The interpolated angular source energy distribution level is expressed in decibels. 3.14 angle alpha angle between the line of fire and a line from the muzzle to the receiver (see Figure 3) NOTE The angle alpha is expressed in radians in
41、 all formulae. 3.15 angle beta angle describing the rotation around the line of fire, anticlockwise from the view of the shooter, as the angle between the horizontal plane intersecting the muzzle from the right-hand side (see Figure 3) NOTE The angle beta is expressed in radians in all formulae. 3.1
42、6 angle gamma angle describing the inclination of the line of fire from the horizontal plane (see Figure 3) NOTE The angle gamma is expressed in radians in all formulae. 3.17 angle delta angle constituted by the projection of angle on the horizontal plane (see Figure 3) NOTE The angle delta is expre
43、ssed in radians in all formulae. 3.18 directivity ()D difference between the angular source energy distribution level of the source under test and the source energy distribution level of a monopole source with the same acoustic source energy NOTE The directivity is expressed in decibels. 3.19 muzzle
44、 distance rmdistance measured from the muzzle to the microphone point (see Figure 3) NOTE The distance is expressed in metres. EN ISO 17201-1:2005BS EN ISO 17201-1:200554 Gun and ammunition 4.1 General The information given in 4.2 to 4.6 is needed to unambiguously define the weapon plus ammunition c
45、ombination for which the sound exposure level of the muzzle blast is estimated (items marked by an asterisk are mandatory). All terms have the meanings given in Reference 1 and Annex A. 4.2 Gun The following features shall be stated: *description or brand name; *type of gun (shot gun, rifle, revolve
46、r, pistol, etc.); number, type and disposition of barrels (side-to-side, superposed, drilling, etc.); calibre; *barrel bore; *barrel length. Figure 1 is a schematic view and gives the main terms used to describe the gun. Key 1 stock 7 front sight 2 trigger guard 8 rear sight 3 trigger 9 bolt 4 magaz
47、ine (inside) 10 receiver 5 barrel 11 safety lock 6 muzzle 12 bolt handle Figure 1 Main terms used to describe the gun (schematic view) The main parts of smooth-bore barrel and a rifled barrel are given in Annex A. Special features such as choke, EN ISO 17201-1:2005BS EN ISO 17201-1:20056 reload syst
48、em, *flame shield, and *muzzle brake should be mentioned. 4.3 Ammunition The following information is needed: *description or brand name; *projectile calibre; type and mass or chemical energy of propellant; type of projectile (ball, pellets or blank); *projectile mass. In the case of shot guns: tota
49、l length of the cartridge; type of tube; type of wad; *type, number, size and weight or type-number of pellets; type of crimping. Schematic views of bullet projectiles and shot gun cartridges are shown in Figure 2 with the names of their main components. 4.4 Ballistic parameters State parameters like *muzzle speed (speed of the projectile close to the muzzle), as result of a gun/ammunition combination as specified by the manufacturer
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