1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 17831-2:2015Solid biofuels Determinationof mechanical durability ofpellets and briquettesPart 2: BriquettesBS EN ISO 17831-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO17831-2:2015. It supersedes BS EN 15210-2:2010
2、 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/17, Solid biofuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contra
3、ct. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 81425 9ICS 27.190; 75.160.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the
4、 authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 17831-2 December 2015 ICS 75.160.10; 27.190 Supersedes EN 15210-2:2010English Version Solid b
5、iofuels - Determination of mechanical durability of pellets and briquettes - Part 2: Briquettes (ISO 17831-2:2015) Biocombustibles solides - Dtermination de la rsistance mcanique des granuls et des briquettes - Partie 2: Briquettes (ISO 17831-2:2015) Feste Biobrennstoffe - Bestimmung der mechanische
6、n Festigkeit von Pellets und Briketts - Teil 2: Briketts (ISO 17831-2:2015) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 November 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a natio
7、nal standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A vers
8、ion in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, C
9、zech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom.
10、EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 17831-2:
11、2015 EBS EN ISO 17831-2:2015EN ISO 17831-2:2015 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN ISO 17831-2:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 “Solid biofuels“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This Europea
12、n Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of
13、this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 15210-2:2010. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free T
14、rade Association. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Mace
15、donia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 17831-2:2015 has been approved by
16、CEN as EN ISO 17831-2:2015 without any modification. BS EN ISO 17831-2:2015ISO 17831-2:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 15 Apparatus . 25.1 Briquette tester. 25.2 Sieve . 35.3 Balance . 36 Test sample preparation 37 Procedure.
17、47.1 Tumbling procedure . 47.2 Sieving procedure . 48 Calculation of the mechanical durability 59 Performance characteristics 510 Test report . 5Bibliograpy 6 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 17831-2:2015ISO 17831-2:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standar
18、dization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to
19、 be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used
20、 to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of
21、 the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified
22、during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the
23、meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC
24、238, Solid biofuels.ISO 17831 consists of the following parts under the general title Solid Biofuels Determination of mechanical durability of pellets and briquettes: Part 1: Pellets Part 2: Briquettesiv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 17831-2:2015ISO 17831-2:2015(E)IntroductionCompressed soli
25、d biomass fuel is usually assigned to either pellets or briquettes, of which pellets usually have a diameter below 25 mm, while for briquettes, the diameter is higher (see ISO 17225-1). To account for the different particle dimensions, it was necessary to define different test apparatuses. ISO 2015
26、All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 17831-2:2015BS EN ISO 17831-2:2015Solid biofuels Determination of mechanical durability of pellets and briquettes Part 2: Briquettes1 ScopeThis part of ISO 17831 defines a method for determining the mechanical durability of briquettes. The mechanical durability is a me
27、asure of the resistance of compressed fuels towards shocks and/or abrasion as a consequence of handling and transportation.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references,
28、only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 3310-1, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire clothISO 14780, Solid biofuels Sample preparation1)ISO 16559, Solid bi
29、ofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptionsISO 18134-1, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 1: Total moisture Reference methodISO 18134-2, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 2: Total moisture Simplified methodISO 18135, Solid
30、Biofuels Sampling1)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16559 apply.4 PrincipleThe test portion is subjected to controlled shocks by collision of briquettes against each other and against the walls of a specified rotating test chamber. The d
31、urability is calculated from the mass of the sample remaining after separation of abraded and fine broken particles.1) In preparation.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17831-2:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 17831-2:2015ISO 17831-2:2015(E)5 Apparatus5.1 Briquette testerThe briquette tester
32、(durability drum) shall be a cylindrical steel drum with a nominal volume of 160 l, having the following dimensions (see Figure 1): internal length or depth: (598 8) mm; internal diameter: (598 8) mm.The drum shall be made of minimum 1 mm steel plate. The internal surface area of the drum shall be s
33、mooth and any disturbances of the surface such as ridges or furrows shall be avoided.The durability drum shall be equipped with a rectangular steel baffle having the following dimensions: length: (598 8) mm; height: (200 2) mm; thickness: 2 mm.The baffle shall be welded on its length to the full hei
34、ght of the internal curved surface of the drum, parallel to the axis of the drum and perpendicular to the tangent of the curve. The baffle tip shall be shaped in a smooth curve of 90 to obtain a rim perpendicular to the baffle. The curve shall have a radius of r = 10 mm and the curved tip shall have
35、 a total vertical height of 30 mm. The direction of rotation and further details are illustrated in Figure 1.The drum is open on one of the ends. This opening shall be fitted with a dustproof lid of the same diameter as the internal diameter of the drum (598 8) mm. When the lid is in position, it sh
36、all be approximately flush with the side of the cylinder. This lid shall be made of minimum 1 mm steel plate.It shall be possible to fasten the lid securely by four rotating bolts (or any other suitable mechanism) fixed on the external part of the drum.The drum shall be capable of being constantly d
37、riven at (21 0,1) r/min by an electric motor, by suitable pulleys or gearings, in order to avoid vibrations. A rotation counter should be connected to the drum.The rotation counter can also be connected to the motor so that the latter is automatically switched off after a defined number of rotations
38、.2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 17831-2:2015ISO 17831-2:2015(E)Dimensions en millimtresKey1 drum2 baffle3 motorFigure 1 Principle of the durability drum5.2 SieveDepending on the briquette diameter, a sieve with a metal wire cloth conforming to ISO 3310-1 shall be chosen so that the aperture
39、 size is approximately equivalent to 2/3 of the briquettes diameter or diagonal but not exceeding 45 mm. The sieve is selected from the series between 16 mm and 45 mm in accordance with ISO 3310-1. The sieve shall have a diameter of 400 mm or above.5.3 BalanceA balance with a weighing capability of
40、at least 2 kg and capable of measuring the mass to the nearest 0,1 g.6 Test sample preparationThe laboratory sample used for the determination of mechanical durability shall be obtained, and if necessary, divided in mass in accordance with ISO 18135 and prepared in accordance with ISO 14780. The siz
41、e of the laboratory sample shall conform to the requirements of this part of ISO 17831 (depending on the nominal top size) but shall be at least 25 kg. For briquettes of type A, as defined in Table 1, the minimum required laboratory sample mass shall be 10 kg.Divide the laboratory sample to obtain t
42、wo test samples: one to be used for moisture content determination (5 kg), as received, the other for the mechanical durability test. The moisture content as received shall be determined on a non-sieved test sample simultaneously with the durability test; moisture shall be determined in accordance t
43、o ISO 18134-1 or ISO 18134-2.The test sample for durability testing shall be stored in airtight containers to avoid moisture changes. While the test is being conducted, the test sample shall be at room temperature. ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 17831-2:2015ISO 17831-2:2015(E)A test portion
44、 for a durability test shall be selected based on the average mass of a single briquette. The required size is determined after assigning the briquette to one of three briquette types A, B or C as described in Table 1. For this assignment, select 15 undestroyed briquettes from the test sample random
45、ly. Then, weigh each briquette individually to the nearest 0,1 g using the balance as defined in 5.3. Calculate the average briquette mass of the 15 briquettes at moisture content as received. Then, select the applicable size of a test portion in accordance with Table 1. Do not cut or break any briq
46、uette of the test portion.NOTE A briquette is undestroyed if all physical dimensions which define its shape are clearly recognizable. Abrasion and broken edges are not regarded as destruction. Cylindrical briquettes where the actual length is a result of natural breaking instead of cutting are also
47、regarded as undestroyed.Table 1 Size of a test portion for briquette types A, B or CBriquette type Description Size of a test portionA briquettes with a mass lower than 0,5 kg(as received)2,0 kg(add max. 1 additional briquette to meet the requirement)B briquettes with mass of (0,5 to 1,0) kg(as rece
48、ived)2 briquettesC briquettes with a mass higher than 1,0 kg(as received)1 briquetteFor briquettes of type A, prepare two test portions for the determination of durability. For briquettes of type B and type C, prepare five test portions for the determination.The test portions shall not contain any s
49、mall, broken particles. Small particles shall be separated from the test portion by the use of the sieve mentioned in 5.2 or by sorting out briquettes manually.7 Procedure7.1 Tumbling procedureSelect a test portion as described in Table 1. Weigh the test portion to the nearest 0,1 g and place it in the durability drum of the briquette tester (5.1). Tumble the test portion in the drum at (21 0,1) r/min for 5 min (i.e. for 105 rotations 0,5 rotations). After this, the test portion is removed and ma
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