1、BS EN ISO 18134-2:2017Solid biofuels Determinationof moisture content Ovendry methodPart 2: Total moisture Simplified method(ISO 18134-2:2017)BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN ISO 18134-2:2017 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard
2、 is the UK implementation of EN ISO18134-2:2017. It supersedes BS EN ISO 18134-2:2015 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/17, Solid biofuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary
3、.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2017. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 94786 5ICS 75.160.40Compliance with a British Standard cannot confe
4、r immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2017.Amendments/Corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 18134-2 February 2017 IC
5、S 27.190; 75.160.40 Supersedes EN ISO 18134-2:2015English Version Solid biofuels - Determination of moisture content - Oven dry method - Part 2: Total moisture - Simplified method (ISO 18134-2:2017) Biocombustibles solides - Dosage de la teneur en humidit - Mthode de schage ltuve - Partie 2: Humidit
6、 totale - Mthode simplifie (ISO 18134-2:2017) Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Bestimmung des Wassergehaltes - Ofentrocknung - Teil 2: Gesamtgehalt an Wasser - Vereinfachtes Verfahren (ISO 18134-2:2017) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 February 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the
7、CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management
8、Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as
9、 the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Net
10、herlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 C
11、EN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 18134-2:2017 EBS EN ISO 18134-2:2017EN ISO 18134-2:2017 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN ISO 18134-2:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 “Solid biofu
12、els“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2017, and conflicting nat
13、ional standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document superse
14、des EN ISO 18134-2:2015. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic
15、of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 18134-2:2017 has be
16、en approved by CEN as EN ISO 18134-2:2017 without any modification. BS EN ISO 18134-2:2017ISO 18134-2:2017(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Apparatus . 26 Sample preparation . 26.1 Sample reduction 26.2 Drying of test portion 26.3 Size of test
17、 portion . 37 Procedure. 37.1 Handling of test portion 37.2 Weight of test portion . 38 Calculation 39 Performance characteristics 410 Test report . 4Bibliography 5 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 18134-2:2017ISO 18134-2:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for S
18、tandardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the ri
19、ght to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedure
20、s used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial ru
21、les of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights id
22、entified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explana
23、tion on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.The document was
24、 prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238, Solid biofuels.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18134-2:2015), of which it constitutes a minor revision with the following changes: the source has been deleted in 3.2 and in 3.3; a few subclauses have been rephrased; the las
25、t sentence of 7.2 has been deleted; in Clause 10, the last two items have been renumbered e) and f).A list of all parts in the ISO 18134 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 18134-2:2017INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18134-2:2017(E)Solid biofuels Determination
26、of moisture content Oven dry method Part 2: Total moisture Simplified method1 ScopeThis document describes the method of determining the total moisture content of a test sample of solid biofuels by drying in an oven and is used when the highest precision is not needed, e.g. for routine production co
27、ntrol on site. The method described in ISO 18134 (all parts) is applicable to all solid biofuels. The moisture content of solid biofuels (as received) is always reported based on the total mass of the test sample (wet basis).NOTE The term moisture content, when used with biomass materials, can be mi
28、sleading since untreated biomass frequently contains varying amounts of volatile compounds (extractives) which might evaporate when determining moisture content by oven drying (see References 1 and 3).2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some o
29、r all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 147801), Solid biofuels Sample preparationISO 16559, Solid biofuels Ter
30、minology, definitions and descriptionsISO 181352), Solid biofuels Sampling3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16559 and the following apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses
31、: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp3.1nominal top sizeaperture of the sieve where at least 95 % by mass of the material passesSOURCE: ISO 16559:2014, 4.137, modified.3.2test sampleoriginal sample
32、 sent to the laboratory for analysis1) To be published.2) To be published. ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 18134-2:2017ISO 18134-2:2017(E)3.3test portionsample extracted from the test sample (3.2) and used during the analysis4 PrincipleThe test portion of solid biofuel shall be dried at a te
33、mperature of 105 C in air atmosphere until constant mass is achieved and the percentage moisture shall be calculated from the loss in mass of the test portion.The difference with this procedure compared to the reference method ISO 18134-1 is that the effect due to buoyancy is neglected and only a si
34、ngle determination is required. The weight of a tray when still hot is less than the weight of the cold tray due to buoyancy. The magnitude of the buoyancy effect depends of the size and the weight of the tray.5 Apparatus5.1 Drying oven, capable of being controlled at a temperature within the range
35、of (105 2) C and in which the air atmosphere changes between three to five times per hour. The air velocity shall be such that the test portion particles are not dislodged from their tray.5.2 Dishes and trays, of non-corrodible and heat-resistant material and of such dimension that they will hold th
36、e total test portion in the proportion of not exceeding 1 g of material per cm2. The surface of the trays shall be such that the possibility to adsorption/absorption is minimized (very clean and even surface).5.3 Balance, capable of reading to the nearest 0,1 g.6 Sample preparation6.1 Sample reducti
37、onTest samples for the determination of total moisture content shall be obtained in accordance with ISO 18135 and shall be received in the laboratory in sealed air-tight containers or bags. A test portion shall be prepared in accordance with ISO 14780 and the nominal top size reduced to below 31,5 m
38、m.6.2 Drying of test portionThe necessary drying time of the test portion depends, among other things, on the particle size of the test sample material. In order to reduce the necessary drying time, the particle size of the material may be reduced to below 31,5 mm by cutting up the material, provide
39、d that the cutting procedure does not change the moisture content of the material. To minimize loss of moisture, the cutting shall be carried out as fast as possible while avoiding air ventilation as much as possible. Visibly wet samples cannot be cut up without loss of moisture and shall therefore
40、be pre-dried.If the above procedure is not practical, larger test sample sizes and longer drying times shall be used. Deviations from the established procedures shall be documented on the test report.WARNING Dried solid biofuels are hygroscopic. Precautions shall be taken to ensure that moisture is
41、not lost during preparation of the test portion. Significant losses of moisture from test portion will occur after a few minutes in room atmosphere.2 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 18134-2:2017ISO 18134-2:2017(E)6.3 Size of test portionThe mass of the test portion shall have a minimum mass of
42、 300 g.NOTE For fine particulate solid biofuels (e.g. sawdust and fuel powder), the test portion can be reduced to 200 g or 100 g, respectively, if using a balance capable of reading to the nearest 0,01 g.7 Procedure7.1 Handling of test portionWeigh an empty and clean drying tray to the nearest 0,1
43、g.Transfer the test portion from the package (container or bag) in which it is delivered to the empty and clean drying tray and spread the material evenly, not to exceed 1 cm2of surface area per 1 g of material. In case moisture remains on the inside surfaces of the package, shake the package to all
44、ow the material to re-absorb the moisture prior to emptying the package.7.2 Weight of test portionWeigh the tray with the test portion to the nearest 0,1 g before heating.NOTE 1 Do not use larger dimension of the drying tray than necessary in relation to the size of the test portion due to buoyancy
45、when hot weighing is undertaken (see ISO 18134-1).Thereafter, place the tray in the temperature-controlled oven at (105 2) C. Heat the tray until constant mass has been achieved. Constant mass is defined as a change not exceeding 0,2 % absolute of the initial mass of the test portion during a heatin
46、g period of 60 min. The drying time required will depend on particle size of the material, rate of atmospheric change in the oven, and thickness of the layer of material.Remove the tray from the oven and weigh when still hot to the nearest 0,1 g within 10 s to 15 s in order to avoid absorption of mo
47、isture. Use heat-insulating material on the balance pan to avoid direct contact with the hot tray.NOTE 2 The required drying time can be determined in pre-tests on similar fuel types with comparable particle size.Do not overload the drying oven. The space above the trays and between the trays shall
48、allow free flow of air and moisture.To prevent unnecessary losses of volatile compounds, generally, the drying time should not exceed 24 h.8 CalculationThe moisture content, Mar, of the test portion, as received, shall be reported on a wet basis and expressed as a percentage by mass and shall be cal
49、culated in accordance with Formula (1):Mmmmmar=()()2321100 (1)wherem1is the mass of the empty drying container, in g;m2is the mass of the drying container and test portion before drying, in g;m3is the mass of the drying container and test portion after drying (weigh when still hot), in g. ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 18134-2:2017ISO 18134-2:2017(E)The result shall be calculated to two decimal places and rounded to the nearest 0,1 % for reporting.9 Performance characteristicsBecause of the varying
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