EN ISO 18674-2-2016 en Geotechnical investigation and testing - Geotechnical monitoring by field instrumentation - Part 2 Measurement of displacements along a line Extensometers《岩土.pdf

1、BS EN ISO 18674-2:2016Geotechnical investigationand testing Geotechnicalmonitoring by fieldinstrumentationPart 2: Measurement of displacementsalong a line: ExtensometersBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN ISO 18674-2:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational fo

2、rewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 18674-2:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/526/3, Site investigation and ground testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This

3、 publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 88678 2ICS 13.080.20; 93.020Compliance with a British Standard cannot co

4、nfer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2016.Amendments/Corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 18674-2 November 2016

5、 ICS 13.080.20; 93.020 English Version Geotechnical investigation and testing - Geotechnical monitoring by field instrumentation - Part 2: Measurement of displacements along a line: Extensometers (ISO 18674-2:2016) Reconnaissance et essais gotechniques - Mesures gotechniques - Partie 2: Mesure de dp

6、lacement le long dune ligne par extensomtre (ISO 18674-2:2016)Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Geotechnische Messungen - Teil 2: Verschiebungsmessungen entlang einer Messlinie: Extensometer (ISO 18674-2:2016) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 September 2016. CEN members are

7、bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to th

8、e CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Cent

9、re has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuani

10、a, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000

11、 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 18674-2:2016 EBS EN ISO 18674-2:2016EN ISO 18674-2:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN ISO 18674-2:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC

12、182 “Geotechnics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 341 “Geotechnical Investigation and Testing” the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the lates

13、t by May 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such paten

14、t rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, F

15、rance, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 18674-2:2016 has been approved by CEN as E

16、N ISO 18674-2:2016 without any modification. BS EN ISO 18674-2:2016ISO 18674-2:2016(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Symbols 35 Instruments . 45.1 General . 45.2 In-place extensometer 85.2.1 Measuring points . 85.2.2 Connecting elements 85.2.3 Measuring he

17、ad and read-out device . 95.3 Probe extensometer 105.3.1 Measuring points and guide tube .105.3.2 Probe . 115.5 Tape extensometer (convergence tape) . 125.6 Measuring range and accuracy 126 Installation and measuring procedures 136.1 Installation . 136.1.1 Surface components .136.1.2 Installation in

18、 boreholes and in fill .136.1.3 In-place extensometer .146.1.4 Probe extensometer .146.1.5 Tape extensometer 156.2 Carrying out the measurement 156.2.1 Instrumentation check and calibration .156.2.2 Measurement . 157 Data processing and evaluation .158 Reporting .168.1 Installation report . 168.2 Mo

19、nitoring report 16Annex A (normative) Measuring and evaluation procedure 17Annex B (informative) Backfill materials .26Annex C (informative) Geo-engineering applications .27Annex D (informative) Measuring examples .28Bibliography .46 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 18674-2:201

20、6ISO 18674-2:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a su

21、bject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (

22、IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be

23、 noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identify

24、ing any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience

25、 of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the fol

26、lowing URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 182, Geotechnics.A list of all part in the ISO 18674 series, published under the general title Geotechnical investigation and testing Geotechnical monitoring by field instrumentation, can be found on the

27、ISO website.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 18674-2:2016INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18674-2:2016(E)Geotechnical investigation and testing Geotechnical monitoring by field instrumentation Part 2: Measurement of displacements along a line: Extensometers1 ScopeThis document specifies the measur

28、ement of displacements along a line by means of extensometers carried out for geotechnical monitoring. General rules of performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground, of geotechnical fills and of geotechnical works are presented in ISO 18674-1.If applied in conjunct

29、ion with ISO 18674-3, this document allows the determination of displacements acting in any direction.This document is applicable to: monitoring the behaviour of soils, fills and rocks; checking geotechnical designs in connection with the Observational Design procedure; deriving geotechnical key par

30、ameters (e.g. from results of pile load tests or trial tunnelling); evaluating stability ahead of, during or after construction (e.g. stability of natural slopes, slope cuts, embankments, excavation walls, foundations, dams, refuse dumps, tunnels).NOTE This document fulfils the requirements for the

31、performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground and of geotechnical works by the means of extensometers as part of the geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with References 5 and 6.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are

32、normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 18674-1:2015, Geotechnical investigation and testing G

33、eotechnical monitoring by field instrumentation Part 1: General rules3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 18674-1 and the following apply.3.1extensometer field instrument for monitoring changes of distance between two or more measuring poin

34、ts located along a measuring lineNote 1 to entry: Monitoring of such changes allows the determination of displacements of measuring points acting in the direction of the measuring line. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 18674-2:2016ISO 18674-2:2016(E)Note 2 to entry: At a measuring point, the

35、movements of the medium (e.g. soil, rock, concrete and steel structures) being investigated are transferred to the measuring point by devices such as anchors, rings or bolts (see 5.1.6).Note 3 to entry: In the ground, the measuring points are typically installed in boreholes. The measuring line then

36、 coincides with the axis of the borehole.3.2in-place extensometerpermanently installed extensometer, essentially consisting of anchor(s), connecting element(s) and at least one measuring headNote 1 to entry: Each connecting element is affixed to an anchor and free to move along the measuring line.No

37、te 2 to entry: Measuring heads are commonly located at one end of the measuring line. When carrying out the measurements, they function as reference measuring points.Note 3 to entry: For in-place extensometers in boreholes, see Reference 7.Note 4 to entry: See Figure 1.3.3rod extensometerin-place ex

38、tensometer where the connecting element is a rodNote 1 to entry: Common rod materials are steel or fibreglass.Note 2 to entry: See Figure 1 a).3.4wire extensometerin-place extensometer where the connecting element is a wireNote 1 to entry: See Figure 1 b).3.5single extensometerin-place extensometer

39、with one anchor onlyNote 1 to entry: See Figure 1 b).3.6multiple-point extensometerin-place extensometer with more than one anchorNote 1 to entry: Up to six anchor points are common in geo-engineering practice.Note 2 to entry: See Figure 1 a).3.7chain extensometerin-place extensometer formed of a se

40、ries of single extensometer elementsNote 1 to entry: See Figure 1 c).3.8probe extensometerextensometer where the connecting element is a moveable unitNote 1 to entry: Probe extensometers can be developed as single-point probe extensometer (3.9) or double-point probe extensometer (3.10).Note 2 to ent

41、ry: See Figure 2.2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 18674-2:2016ISO 18674-2:2016(E)3.9single-point probe extensometerextensometer, essentially consisting of a measuring probe and a guiding tube with measuring marks and in which, at the measuring position, only one measuring mark interacts with

42、the probeNote 1 to entry: The connecting element is the unit consisting of a measuring cable and a probe. The measured value is the distance between the measuring mark and the reference mark at the head of the guiding tube.Note 2 to entry: Because of its design, function and usual geotechnical appli

43、cation, the single-point probe extensometer is commonly designated as a “magnetic extensometer,” a “magnet settlement probe” or an “inductance probe.”Note 3 to entry: See Figure 2 a).3.10double-point probe extensometerextensometer, essentially consisting of a measuring probe and a guiding tube with

44、measuring marks and in which, at the measuring position, two measuring marks interact with the probeNote 1 to entry: The connecting element is the measuring probe. The measured value is the distance between the two measuring marks which are in interaction with the probe.Note 2 to entry: Because of i

45、ts design and function, the double-point probe extensometer is commonly designated as an “incremental extensometer” or a “sliding micrometer.”Note 3 to entry: See Figure 2 b).3.11gauge lengthLnominal distance between the contact points of the double-point extensometer probeNote 1 to entry: L is comm

46、only 1,0 m.Note 2 to entry: L is commonly verified in a calibration of the probe prior to the measurement.3.12tape extensometerextensometer for distance measurements between two accessible measuring points by means of a measuring tape, essentially consisting of a device for tensioning of the tape wi

47、th a reproducible pulling force, two end pieces for connecting the device to bolts (3.13) and of a read-out unitNote 1 to entry: Traditionally, tape extensometers were used in tunnelling. By means of follow-up measurements, the change of the distances of two tunnel wall measuring points (in tunnelli

48、ng, termed “convergence”) is determined. For this reason, tape extensometers are commonly designated as “convergence tapes.”Note 2 to entry: See Figure 3.3.13convergence boltsmeasuring bolts fitting to the type of tape extensometer used4 SymbolsSymbol Name Unitd depth of borehole mdidistance between

49、 measuring point i and measuring head mF subscript for follow-up measurement h height of measuring head above sea level mi number of a measuring point ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 18674-2:2016ISO 18674-2:2016(E)Symbol Name UnitKTtemperature correction term L gauge length of a double-point probe extensometer mLilength of the connecting element between measuring head and measuring point i ml distance between measuring points mlMlength of a measuring ring for probe extensometer mn total number of measuring points along a meas