1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 19074:2015Leather Physical and mechanical tests Determination of water absorption by capillary action (wicking)BS EN ISO 19074:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 19074:2015.The UK participation in its prep
2、aration was entrusted to Technical Committee TCI/69, Footwear, leather and coated fabrics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible f
3、or its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 83036 5 ICS 59.140.30 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Po
4、licy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 19074 September 2015 ICS 59.140.30 English Version Leather - Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of water absorption by c
5、apillary action (wicking) (ISO 19074:2015) Cuir - Essais physiques et mcaniques - Dtermination de labsorption en eau par capillarit (mche) (ISO 19074:2015) Leder - Physikalische und mechanische Prfungen - Bestimmung der Wasseraufnahme durch Kapillarwirkung (Wicking) (ISO 19074:2015) This European St
6、andard was approved by CEN on 8 August 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning
7、 such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its
8、 own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, German
9、y, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR N
10、ORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 19074:2015 EBS EN ISO 19074:2015EN ISO 19074:2015 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN ISO 19074:
11、2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 289 “Leather”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI, in collaboration with Technical Committee IULTCS “International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies”. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standar
12、d, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN a
13、nd/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Cz
14、ech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingd
15、om. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 19074:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 19074:2015 without any modification. BS EN ISO 19074:2015ISO 19074:2015(E)IULTCS/IUP 57:2015(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Principle 14 Apparatus and materials 15 Sampling and sample preparation
16、26 Procedure. 37 Expression of results 48 Test report . 5 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 19074:2015ISO 19074:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of prepari
17、ng International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in lia
18、ison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Dir
19、ectives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some
20、of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarati
21、ons received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about
22、ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.ISO 19074 was prepared by the Physical Test Commission of the International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies (IUP Commission, IULTCS) in coll
23、aboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 289, Leather, the secretariat of which is held by UNI, in accordance with the agreement on technical co-operation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).IULTCS, originally formed in 1897, is a world-wide organ
24、ization of professional leather societies to further the advancement of leather science and technology. IULTCS has three Commissions, which are responsible for establishing international methods for sampling and the testing of leather. ISO recognizes IULTCS as an International Standardising Body for
25、 the preparation of test methods for leather.IULTCS/IUP 57:2015(E)iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 19074:2015INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 19074:2015(E)IULTCS/IUP 57:2015(E)Leather Physical and mechanical tests Determination of water absorption by capillary action (wicking)1 ScopeThis Internatio
26、nal Standard specifies a method for determining the rate of absorption of water by capillary action or wicking in leathers. It is applicable to all types of leather.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable f
27、or its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 2418, Leather Chemical, physical and mechanical and fastness tests Sampling locationISO 2419, Leather Physical and me
28、chanical tests Sample preparation and conditioningISO 2589, Leather Physical and mechanical tests Determination of thicknessISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods3 PrincipleFor the determination of wicking the absorption of water by capillary action, a strip of
29、leather is partially immersed in water in a vertical position. After 120 min, the following parameters are measured:a) wicking value as the maximum height reached by the water front on the strip of leather;b) percentage increase of the weight of the test piece due to absorption of water.4 Apparatus
30、and materials4.1 250 ml beaker, of low form or container ensuring the compliance with the conditions shown in Figure 2.4.2 A means of holding the top of the leather test piece, so that the lower end can be immersed in the water.4.3 Balance, with an accuracy less than 0,01 g.4.4 Ruler, or other simil
31、ar device, with an accuracy less than 0,5 mm.4.5 Metal mass, of (10 1) g.4.6 Press knife, the inner wall of which is a rectangle (100 2) mm (25 1) mm.4.7 Circular press knife, with diameter approximately 2 mm.4.8 Distilled or deionised water, conforming to the requirements of grade 3 of ISO 3696. IS
32、O 2015 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 19074:2015ISO 19074:2015(E)4.9 Thickness gauge, as specified in ISO 2589.5 Sampling and sample preparation5.1 If possible, sample in accordance with ISO 2418. From the sample, using the press knife specified in 4.6, cut four rectangular test pieces (100 2) mm (2
33、5 1) mm, in accordance with ISO 2419, two with the longer side parallel to the backbone and two with the longer side perpendicular to the backbone.NOTE If there is a requirement for more than two hides or skins to be tested in one batch, then only one test piece in each direction needs to be taken f
34、rom each hide or skin, provided that the overall total is not less than two test pieces in each direction.5.2 Condition the leather sample in accordance with ISO 2419.5.3 Measure the thickness of the test pieces in accordance with ISO 2589.5.4 Using a water resistant marker, mark lines parallel to t
35、he lower shorter edge test piece at the following distances (see Figure 1): line 1: (10 1) mm; line 2: (50 1) mm.5.5 For very flexible leathers or leathers having heavy finishing, a “rolling” of the test piece could occur preventing it from maintaining a vertical position during the test. In this ca
36、se, a mass (4.5) of (10 1) g shall be applied to the lower edge of the test piece using a nylon thread or a small hook through a hole (4.7) of approximately 2 mm diameter made at a distance of (5 1) mm from the lower edge and in the centre of the width of the test piece (see Figure 1).The hole (4.7)
37、 is only required for those leather specimens that need to be prevented from “rolling”.Dimensions in millimetresKey1 line 12 line 2Figure 1 Test piece marked and prepared for testingIULTCS/IUP 57:2015(E)2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 19074:2015ISO 19074:2015(E)6 Procedure6.1 Carry out the t
38、est in standard atmosphere according to ISO 2419.6.2 Pour distilled water (4.8) into the container verifying with the ruler (4.4) that the height of water is (40 5) mm (see Figure 2).6.3 Determine the mass of each test piece after conditioning, m0, to the nearest 0,05 g.6.4 Immerse each test piece i
39、n distilled water in a vertical position until line 1 drawn on the surface (see Figure 2); the test piece shall be kept suspended by its upper part (4.2) so as to leave at least 65 mm of free height (including the immersed part) as shown in Figure 2. Do not immerse more than two test pieces in the s
40、ame container and ensure that the test piece does not touch the other one or the container walls.Dimensions in millimetresFigure 2 Test piece suspended in distilled water6.5 If necessary, apply the metal mass of 10 g (4.5) to the test piece as indicated in 5.5.6.6 After (120 5) min, remove the test
41、piece and blot gently to remove adhering water on the surfaces using filter paper.6.7 In the shortest time possible (within 3 min), with the ruler (4.4), determine the wicking of water as the maximum distance reached by the water front in the longitudinal direction of the test piece, in the followin
42、g positions (see Figure 3): maximum distance on the grain side (or front side), WA; maximum distance on the flesh side (or reverse side), WB; maximum distance on the lateral sides (thickness), WCand WD.Round each water front distance to the nearest 1 mm.IULTCS/IUP 57:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights rese
43、rved 3BS EN ISO 19074:2015ISO 19074:2015(E)Figure 3 Measurement of height of water front on each side of test piece6.8 Maximum water front distance on the lateral sides (thickness), WCand WD, shall be assessed only for leathers with thickness greater than 1 mm.6.9 Within 5 min after removal of water
44、, determine the mass m1of the test piece to the nearest 0,05 g.6.10 If the water front reaches line 2 (see 5.4) on one of the sides before 120 min, immediately stop the test.6.11 If required, the test pieces can be used to determine if a change in appearance occurs through contact with water. Allow
45、the test pieces to dry, examine them for any change in appearance or staining in the part that was immersed in water.7 Expression of results7.1 Wicking by capillary action (W)7.1.1 For each test piece, determine the wicking value, Wi, as the maximum of the four water front distances (in mm) measured
46、 as indicated in 6.7.WWWWWiABCD=()max, (1)For leathers with thickness 1 mm, WCand WDare not determined (see 6.8) and therefore, the wicking value, Wi, is determined as the maximum of two water front distances (in mm) measured as indicated in 6.7.WWWiAB=()max, (2)7.1.2 Calculate the arithmetic mean o
47、f the values Wifor the test pieces parallel to the backbone and the test pieces perpendicular to the backbone to the nearest 1 mm.7.1.3 Determine the wicking value of the sample, W, as the higher of these two average values.IULTCS/IUP 57:2015(E)4 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 19074:2015ISO 1
48、9074:2015(E)7.2 Water absorption by capillary action (A)7.2.1 For each test piece, calculate the water absorption as the percentage increase in mass relative to the initial mass m0according to Formula (3):Ammmi=()100100(3)7.2.2 Calculate the arithmetic mean of the values Aifor the test pieces parall
49、el to the backbone and the test pieces perpendicular to the backbone to the nearest 1 %.7.2.3 Determine the water absorption value of the sample, A, as the higher of these two averages.7.3 In case of interruption of the test (6.10) on at least one of the four test pieces wicking value, W, is assumed as “greater than 40 mm”, and water absorption value, A, is given as “not able to be determined”.7.4 For some leathers, the value of wicking cannot be determined as it is not possible to visually
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