1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 21457:2010Petroleum, petrochemicaland natural gas industries Materials selection andcorrosion control for oil andgas production systems (ISO21457:2010)BS EN ISO 21457:2
2、010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO21457:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PSE/17/-/7, UK experts in ISO TC 67 Working Groups.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained
3、on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 59223 2ICS 75.180.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Britis
4、h Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2010.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 21457 September 2010 ICS 75.180.01 English Version Petroleum, petrochemical an
5、d natural gas industries - Materials selection and corrosion control for oil and gas production systems (ISO 21457:2010) Industries du ptrole, de la ptrochimie et du gaz naturel - Choix des matriaux et contrle de la corrosion pour les systmes de production de ptrole et de gaz (ISO 21457:2010) Erdl-,
6、 petrochemische und Erdgasindustrie - Werkstoffauswahl und Korrosionsprfung fr l- und Gasproduktionssysteme (ISO 21457:2010) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 September 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for g
7、iving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official
8、versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Bel
9、gium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COM
10、MITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 21457:2010: EBS EN ISO 21457:201
11、0EN ISO 21457:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 21457:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and
12、offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2011, and conflicting
13、national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CE
14、N/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Li
15、thuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 21457:2010 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 21457:2010 without any modification. BS EN ISO 21457:2010ISO 21457:201
16、0(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms2 3.1 Terms and definitions .2 3.2 Abbreviated terms .5 4 Design information for materials selection 6 5 Materials selection report.7 6 General gui
17、delines for corrosion evaluations and materials selection.7 6.1 General .7 6.2 Internal corrosion in oil and gas production and processing 8 6.3 Internal corrosion in injection systems 12 6.4 Internal corrosion in utility systems12 6.5 Sand erosion13 6.6 External corrosion.13 6.7 Polymeric materials
18、.15 6.8 Glass-fibre-reinforced plastic 15 6.9 Mechanical properties and material usage limitations15 7 Materials selection for specific applications and systems.16 7.1 General .16 7.2 Oil and gas production and processing systems 17 7.3 Injection systems 19 7.4 Utility systems .20 7.5 Pipelines and
19、flowlines.24 8 Corrosion control 25 8.1 Chemical treatment .25 8.2 Internal corrosion allowance26 8.3 Selection of internal and external coatings27 8.4 External splash zone protection 27 8.5 Cathodic protection.27 8.6 Corrosion protection of closed compartments28 8.7 Connection of dissimilar materia
20、ls28 8.8 Sealing materials .29 8.9 Fasteners29 8.10 Weld overlay 30 8.11 Preferential weld corrosion 30 8.12 Corrosion management 30 Annex A (informative) Design basis for hydrocarbon systems .31 Annex B (informative) Corrosion monitoring.33 Annex C (informative) Chemical composition of some typical
21、 oilfield alloys 34 Bibliography38 BS EN ISO 21457:2010ISO 21457:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is norma
22、lly carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in th
23、e work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare
24、International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some
25、of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 21457 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas in
26、dustries. BS EN ISO 21457:2010ISO 21457:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction The provision of well-established and robust material selection guidelines offers a means of satisfying long-term materials performance that meet the minimum requirements for a broad range of end users in the
27、petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. An additional benefit can be to enable product suppliers to develop, manufacture and provide off-the-shelf equipment that meets these requirements. Oil and gas production projects benefit from a structured evaluation of materials used for the diff
28、erent fluids being handled. Therefore, the main objective of this International Standard is to provide general requirements with guidelines for the selection of materials for systems and components, with due consideration to the transported fluids and the external environment. It is the end users re
29、sponsibility to provide a project document with respect to implementation of the requirements and guidelines of this International Standard, and to specify the design conditions for material selection. In addition to the end user, the organization responsible for the facility or for the equipment de
30、sign, or for both, is regarded as responsible for materials selection. This International Standard is developed to provide responsible parties with a structured process to carry out materials selection in a consistent manner as a part of the engineering work, based upon a design basis for a particul
31、ar installation. This International Standard is intended for use by oil companies and engineering contractors. Users of this International Standard are advised that further or differing requirements might be needed for individual applications. This International Standard is not intended to inhibit a
32、 vendor from offering, or the purchaser from accepting, alternative equipment or engineering solutions for the individual application. This can be particularly applicable where there is innovative or developing technology. Where an alternative is offered, it is advisable that the vendor identify any
33、 variations from this International Standard and provide details. BS EN ISO 21457:2010BS EN ISO 21457:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21457:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries Materials selection and corrosion control for oil and gas production sy
34、stems 1 Scope This International Standard identifies the corrosion mechanisms and parameters for evaluation when performing selection of materials for pipelines, piping and equipment related to transport and processing of hydrocarbon production, including utility and injection systems. This includes
35、 all equipment from and including the well head, to and including pipelines for stabilized products. This International Standard is not applicable to downhole components. Guidance is given for the following: corrosion evaluations; materials selection for specific applications, or systems, or both; p
36、erformance limitations for specific materials; corrosion control. This International Standard refers to materials that are generally available, with properties that are known and documented. It also allows other materials to be evaluated and qualified for use. This International Standard does not pr
37、ovide detailed material requirements or guidelines for manufacturing and testing of equipment. Such information can be found in particular product and manufacturing standards. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
38、references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 15156-11), Petroleum and natural gas industries Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production Part 1: General princip
39、les for selection of cracking-resistant materials ISO 15156-21), Petroleum and natural gas industries Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production Part 2: Cracking-resistant carbon and low-alloy steels, and the use of cast irons ISO 15156-31), Petroleum and natural gas
40、industries Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production Part 3: Cracking-resistant CRAs (corrosion-resistant alloys) and other alloys 1) ISO 15156 (all parts) has been adopted by NACE as NACE MR0175/ISO 15156. BS EN ISO 21457:2010ISO 21457:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights
41、reserved3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 aquifer water water from an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials 3.1.2 carbon steel alloy of carbo
42、n and iron containing up to 2 % mass fraction carbon and up to 1,65 % mass fraction manganese and residual quantities of other elements, except those intentionally added in specific quantities for deoxidation (usually silicon and/or aluminium) NOTE Carbon steels used in the petroleum industry usuall
43、y contain less than 0,8 % mass fraction carbon. ISO 15156-1:2009, definition 3.3 3.1.3 corrosion-resistant alloy alloy intended to be resistant to general and localized corrosion by oilfield environments that are corrosive to carbon steels NOTE This definition is in accordance with ISO 15156-1 and i
44、s intended to include materials such as stainless steel with minimum 11,5 % (mass fraction) Cr, and nickel, cobalt and titanium base alloys. Other ISO standards can have other definitions. 3.1.4 end user owner or organization that is responsible for operation of an installation/facility 3.1.5 free-m
45、achining steel steel composition to which elements such as sulfur, selenium or lead have been intentionally added to improve machinability 3.1.6 fugacity non-ideal partial pressure that a component in a mixture exerts in the vapour phase when in equilibrium with the liquid mixture NOTE The fugacity
46、factor depends on the temperature and the total pressure. 3.1.7 glass-fibre-reinforced plastic composite material made of thermosetting resin and reinforced with glass fibres 3.1.8 hydrogen-induced cracking HIC planar cracking that occurs in carbon and low alloy steels when atomic hydrogen diffuses
47、into the steel and then combines to form molecular hydrogen at trap sites BS EN ISO 21457:2010ISO 21457:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 3NOTE Cracking results from the pressurization of trap sites by hydrogen. No externally applied stress is needed for the formation of hydrogen-induced cracks.
48、Trap sites capable of causing HIC are commonly found in steels with high impurity levels that have a high density of planar inclusions and/or regions of anomalous microstructure (e.g. banding) produced by segregation of impurity and alloying elements in the steel. This form of hydrogen-induced crack
49、ing is not related to welding. ISO 15156-1:2009, definition 3.12 3.1.9 hydrogen stress cracking HSC cracking that results from the presence of hydrogen in a metal and tensile stress (residual and/or applied) NOTE HSC describes cracking in metals that are not sensitive to SSC but which can be embrittled by hydrogen when galvanically coupled, as the cathode, to another metal that is corroding actively as an anode. The term “galvanically induced HSC” has been used for this mechanism of cracking. ISO 15156-1:2009, definition
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