1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationGeotechnical investigation and testing Field testingPart 4: Mnard pressuremeter testBS EN ISO 22476-4:2012National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN IS
2、O 22476-4:2012. It partially supersedes BS 5930:1999+A2:2010, which is currently being revised in order to remove conflicting material. The tests included in BS 5930:1999 (Clauses 25.7.2.1 and 25.7.4.1, and more generally in clauses 27.7.3, 25.7.5 and 25.7.6) are also provided in this standard. In t
3、he meantime, where conflict arises between these documents, the provisions of BS EN ISO 22476-4:2012 take precedence.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/526, Geotechnics, to Subcommittee B/526/3, Site investigation and ground testing.A list of organizations
4、 represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 97
5、8 0 580 77220 7ICS 93.020Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2013.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH ST
6、ANDARDBS EN ISO 22476-4:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 22476-4 December 2012 ICS 93.020 English Version Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 4: Mnard pressuremeter test (ISO 22476-4:2012) Reconnaissance et essais gotechniques - Essais en place -
7、 Partie 4: Essai au pressiomtre Mnard (ISO 22476-4:2012) Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Felduntersuchungen - Teil 4: Pressiometerversuch nach Mnard (ISO 22476-4:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 November 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Inte
8、rnal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any
9、 CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official ve
10、rsions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway
11、, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any
12、 form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 22476-4:2012: EBS EN ISO 22476-4:2012EN ISO 22476-4:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3BS EN ISO 22476-4:2012EN ISO 22476-4:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 22476-4:2012) has been prepared by Technical Commi
13、ttee CEN/TC 341 “Geotechnical Investigation and Testing”, the secretariat of which is held by ELOT, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 182 “Geotechnics“. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsemen
14、t, at the latest by June 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any
15、or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republi
16、c of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN ISO 22476-4:2012ISO 22476-4:2012(E) ISO 2012 All right
17、s reserved iiiContents Page1 Scope 12 Normative references . 23 Terms, definitions and symbols 23.1 Terms and definitions . 23.2 Symbols . 44 Equipment . 64.1 General description 64.2 Pressuremeter probe 74.3 Pressure and volume control unit (CU) . 114.4 Connecting lines 114.5 Injected liquid . 114.
18、6 Measurement and control . 114.7 Data logger 125 Test procedure .125.1 Assembling the parts .125.2 Calibration and corrections 125.3 Pressuremeter pocket and probe placing 125.4 Preparation for testing .135.5 Establishing the loading programme .135.6 Establishing the differential pressure .145.7 Ex
19、pansion 155.8 Back-filling of the pockets 155.9 Safety requirements .156 Test results 166.1 Data sheet and field print-out .166.2 Corrected pressuremeter curve 176.3 Calculated results .177 Reporting .187.1 General .187.2 Field report 187.3 Test report .18Annex A (normative) Geometrical features of
20、pressuremeter probes .20Annex B (normative) Calibration and corrections .23Annex C (normative) Placing the pressuremeter probe in the ground 31Annex D (normative) Obtaining pressuremeter parameters .38Annex E (normative) Resolution and uncertainties 46Annex F (normative) Pressuremeter test records .
21、47Bibliography .51BS EN ISO 22476-4:2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22476-4:2012(E)Geotechnical investigation and testing Field testing Part 4: Mnard pressuremeter test1 ScopeThis part of ISO 22476 specifies the equipment requirements, execution of and reporting on the Mnard pressuremeter test.NOTE 1
22、 This part of ISO 22476 fulfils the requirements for the Mnard pressurermeter test, as part of the geotechnical investigation and testing according to EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2.This part of ISO 22476 describes the procedure for conducting a Mnard pressuremeter test in natural soils, treated or untreat
23、ed fills and in weak rocks, either on land or off-shore.The pressuremeter test results of this part of ISO 22476 are suited to a quantitative determination of ground strength and deformation parameters. They may yield lithological information. They can also be combined with direct investigation (e.g
24、. sampling according to ISO 22475-1) or compared with other in situ tests (see EN 1997-2:2007, 2.4.1.4(2) P, 4.1 (1) P and 4.2.3(2) P).The Mnard pressuremeter test is performed by the radial expansion of a tricell probe placed in the ground (see Figure 1). During the injection of the liquid volume i
25、n the probe, the inflation of the three cells first brings the outer cover of the probe into contact with the pocket wall and then presses on them resulting in a soil displacement. Pressure applied to and the associated volume expansion of the probe are measured and recorded so as to obtain the stre
26、ss-strain relationship of the soil as tested.Together with results of investigations with ISO 22475-1 being available, or at least with identification and description of the ground according to ISO 14688-1 and ISO 14689-1 obtained during the pressuremeter test operations, the test results of this pa
27、rt of ISO 22476 are suited to the quantitative determination of a ground profile, including the Mnard EMmodulus, the Mnard limit pressure pLMand the Mnard creep pressure pfM.This part of ISO 22476 refers to a probe historically described as the 60 mm G type probe. This part of ISO 22476 applies to t
28、est depths limited to 50 m and test pressure limited to 5 MPa.NOTE 2 Mnard pressuremeter tests are carried out with other probe diameters and pocket dimensions such as shown below.Probe Drilling diameter (mm)Designation Diameter (mm) min maxAX 44 46 52BX 58 60 66NX 70/74 74 80Two alternative methods
29、 of measurement are provided as follows. Procedure A: data are recorded manually. Procedure B: data are recorded automatically. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 22476-4:2012ISO 22476-4:2012(E)2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of thi
30、s document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 14688-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of soil Part 1: Identification and descript
31、ionISO 14689-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of rock Part 1: Identification and descriptionISO 22475-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing Sampling methods and groundwater measurements Part 1: Technical principles for executionENV 13005:1999, Guide to
32、the expression of uncertainty in measurement3 Terms, definitions and symbols3.1 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1.1pressuremeterwhole equipment which is used to carry out a Mnard pressuremeter test, excluding the means necessary to
33、place the pressuremeter probe into the groundNOTE 1 A pressuremeter includes a pressuremeter probe, a pressure and volume control unit, called CU, lines to connect the probe to the CU and, in the case of procedure B, a data logger which is either built into the CU or linked to it.NOTE 2 See Figure 2
34、.3.1.2pressuremeter test pocketcircular cylindrical cavity formed in the ground to receive a pressuremeter probe3.1.3pressuremeter boreholeborehole in which pressuremeter pockets with circular cross sections are made in the ground, and into which the pressuremeter probe is to be placed3.1.4pressurem
35、eter testprocess during which a pressuremeter probe is inflated in the ground and the resulting pocket expansion is measured by volume as a function of time and pressure increments according to a defined programme NOTE See Figure 4 and F.1.3.1.5pressuremeter soundingwhole series of sequential operat
36、ions necessary to perform Mnard pressuremeter testing at a given location, i.e. forming pressuremeter test pockets and performing pressuremeter tests in them NOTE See F.2.3.1.6pressuremeter pressure reading, prpressure pras read at the CU elevation in the liquid circuit supplying the central measuri
37、ng cell2 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 22476-4:2012ISO 22476-4:2012(E)3.1.7pressure lossdifference between the pressure inside the probe and the pressure applied to the pocket wall3.1.8volume lossdifference between the volume actually injected into the probe and the volume read on the measur
38、ing device3.1.9raw pressuremeter curvegraphical plot of the injected volumes recorded at time 60 s, V60, versus the applied pressure at each pressure hold, pr3.1.10corrected pressuremeter curvegraphical plot of the corrected volume V versus the corrected pressure p NOTE See Figure 5.3.1.11Mnard cree
39、pdifference in volumes recorded at 60 s and at 30 s at each pressure hold: V60 V30= V60/303.1.12corrected Mnard creep curvegraphical plot of the corrected Mnard creep versus the corrected applied pressure at each pressure holdNOTE See Figure 5.3.1.13pressuremeter loggraphical report of the results o
40、f the pressuremeter tests performed in pockets at a succession of depths in the same pressuremeter borehole, together with all the information gathered during the drilling NOTE See Annex F.3.1.14Mnard pressuremeter modulus, EME-modulus obtained from the section between (p1,V1) and (p2,V2) of the pre
41、ssuremeter curve NOTE See Figure 5 and Annex D.3.1.15Mnard pressuremeter limit pressure, pLMpressure at which the volume of the test pocket at the depth of the measuring cell has doubled its original volume NOTE See Annex D.3.1.16pressuremeter creep pressure, pfMpressure derived from the creep curve
42、 NOTE See Annex D.3.1.17operatorqualified person who carries out the test3.1.18casinglengths of tubing inserted into a borehole to prevent the hole caving in or to prevent the loss of flushing medium to the surrounding formation, above pocket location ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 22476-4:
43、2012ISO 22476-4:2012(E)3.2 SymbolsFor the purposes of this document, the symbols given in Table 1 apply.Table 1 SymbolsSymbol Description Unita Apparatus volume loss coefficient cm3/MPadciOutside diameter of the inner part of the probe with slotted tube mmdiInside diameter of the calibration cylinde
44、r used for the volume loss calibration mmdcOutside diameter of the central measuring cell, including any additional protection such as a slotted tubemmdtDrilling tool diameter mme Wall thickness of the calibration cylinder used for the volume loss calibration mmlpLength of the calibration cylinder u
45、sed for the volume loss calibration mmlgLength of each guard cell mmlgsLength of each guard cell for a short central measuring cell pressuremeter probe mmlglLength of each guard cell for a long central measuring cell pressuremeter probe mmlmLength along the tube axis of the slotted section of the sl
46、otted tube mmlcLength of the central measuring cell of the probe, measured after fitting the membrane mmlcsLength of the short central measuring cell after fitting the membrane mmlclLength of the long central measuring cell after fitting the membrane mmmEMinimum value, strictly positive, of the misl
47、opes cm3/MPamiSlope of the corrected pressuremeter curve between the two points with coordinates (pi-1, Vi-1) and (pi, Vi).cm3/MPap Pressure applied by the probe to the ground after correction MPapeCorrection for membrane stiffness usually called pressure loss of the probe MPapEPressure at the origi
48、n of the segment exhibiting the slope mEMPapelUltimate pressure loss of the probe MPapfMPressuremeter creep pressure MPapgGas pressure applied by the control unit indicator to the guard cells of the pressuremeter probeMPaphHydrostatic pressure between the control unit indicator and the central measu
49、ring cell of the pressuremeter probeMPapkGas pressure in the guard cells MPapLMMnard pressuremeter limit pressure of the ground MPapLM* Mnard net pressuremeter limit pressure of the ground MPapLMHMnard pressuremeter limit pressure as extrapolated by the hyperbolic best fit method MPapLMDHMnard pressuremeter limit pressure as extrapolated by the double hyperbolic method MPapLMRMnard pressuremeter limit pressure as extrapolated by the reciprocal curve method MPapmPressure loss of the central measuring cell
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